Keith Johnson《外语学习与教学导论》笔记和考研真题详解

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1.1銆€澶嶄範绗旇

鏈珷瑕佺偣

1Whydopeoplelearnforeignlanguages?浜轰滑涓轰粈涔堝澶栬锛?/p>

2Individuallearningdifferences涓綋瀛︿範宸紓

3Languageteaching:avarietyofmethods澶氱鏁欏鏂规硶

甯歌€冭€冪偣

瀛︿範鍔ㄦ満锛涙暀瀛︽柟娉曘€?/p>

鏈珷鍐呭绱㈠紩

鈪?/span>.Reasonsforlearning

1Furtherstudy

2Communication

鈪?/span>.Themultilingualworld

1Attitude

2Parentalsupport

3Talent

鈪?/span>.Methodsyouhaveexperienced

1Immersion

2Grammar-translation(GT)

3Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)

4Audio-lingualism(AL)

5Communitylanguagelearning(CLL)

鈪?/span>.Reasonsforlearning锛堝涔犵殑鍘熷洜锛?/p>

1Furtherstudypurpose锛堜互杩涗慨涓虹洰鐨勶級

SomelearnerslearnEnglishforgoingabroadorforprofessionaldevelopment.

涓€浜涘涔犺€呭澶栬鏄负浜嗗嚭鍥芥垨鑰呮壘鍒板ソ宸ヤ綔銆?/p>

2Communication锛堜氦娴佺洰鐨勶級

Learningthecustomsandcultureofthetargetlanguagehelpstobettercommunicatewiththetargetpopulation.

閫氳繃瀛︿範鐩爣璇█鐨勯淇楁枃鍖栬兘鏇村ソ鍦颁笌鐩爣浜虹兢浜ゆ祦銆?/p>

鈪?/span>.Individuallearningdifferences锛堜釜浣撳涔犲樊寮傦級

1Attitude

Learnersneedtoadoptappropriateattitudestowardsnativespeakersofthelanguagetheyarelearning.

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2Parentalsupport

Parents鈥?supportfortheirchildrenisveryimportant.Ifparentswanttheirchildrentolearnaforeignlanguagewell,theirsupportwillbeofgreathelptotheirchildrenintheprocessoflearningaforeignlanguage.

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3Talent

Somepeoplearebornwithatalentforlearningforeignlanguages.

鏈変簺浜虹敓鏉ュ氨鏈夊澶栬鐨勫ぉ鍒嗐€?/p>

鈪?/span>.Methodsyouhaveexperienced锛堜竴浜涘凡鐭ョ殑鏁欏鏂规硶锛?/p>

1Immersion锛堟矇娴稿紡鏁欏娉曪級

Thismethodisbasedontheviewthattheprocessoflearningaforeignlanguageandmasteringthemothertongueinchildhoodareessentiallythesame.

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2Grammar-translation(GT)锛堣娉?缈昏瘧鏁欏娉曪級

Someteachersspend20minuteswritingemphasisongrammarontheblackboardandusealotofgrammaticalterms.Thenletthestudentsdosomebilingualtranslationtraining.

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3Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)锛堣偄浣撳弽搴旀暀瀛︽硶锛?/p>

Theteacherfirstdoesafewdemonstrationmoves,andthenselectsafewstudentstoimitate.Theteacherwillnotspeakduringthedemonstration.Afterawhile,theteacherasksthestudentstodescribeinthetargetlanguage,andletotherstudentsimitateit.

鑰佸笀棣栧厛鍋氬嚑涓ず鑼冨姩浣滐紝鐒跺悗閫夊嚑涓悓瀛︽ā浠裤€傝€佸笀鍦ㄥ仛绀鸿寖鍔ㄤ綔鏈熼棿涓嶈璇濄€傝繃涓€浼氫箣鍚庤姹傚悓瀛︾敤鐩爣璇弿杩帮紝璁╁叾浠栧悓瀛︽帴鐫€妯′豢銆?/p>

4Audio-lingualism(AL)锛堝惉璇存暀瀛︽硶锛?/p>

(1)Pointoutthegrammaticalkeypointsthroughexamplesentences,andthenexplainthemwithpictures.

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(2)Explainthegrammarinashorttime,followedbyquickgrammarpractice.

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5Communitylanguagelearning(CLL)锛堝洟浣撹瑷€瀛︿範娉曪級

(1)Itisawayforstudentstolearnforeignlanguagestogether.Studentsareclientsandteachersareconsultants.

杩欐槸涓€绉嶅鐢熶竴璧峰涔犲璇殑鏂规硶銆傚鐢熸槸瀹㈡埛锛岃€佸笀鏄【闂€?/p>

(2)Themethodisbasedontheconsultingmethod,whereteachersactasconsultantsandtranslators,andstudentsactasclientsandcollaborators.

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(3)Thismethodemphasizesgrouplearning.Itencourages