初中英语二轮复习构词法和动词短语辨析课件公开课一等奖课件省赛课获奖课件

第十二章P98-100考点展现构词法动词短语辨析初中学业水平测试说明与指导网课5.6第1页构词法2023/8/26P98热点聚焦考点展现1种类合成法转化法派生法截短法缩合法重点第2页将两个及两个以上独立单词合在一起组成新词办法叫做合成法。space太空+ship船=spaceship宇宙飞船head头+ache疼痛=headache头痛basket（篮球运动）篮+ball球=basketball篮球play玩耍+ground地面=playground操场；游乐场一：合成法组成新词叫做合成词第3页常用合成词合成形容词合成动词合成名词合成副词合成代词第4页1.名词+形容词snow-white雪白,homesick想家2.名词+目前分词English-speaking说英语,south-facing朝南3.名词＋to＋名词face­to­face面向面

door-to-door4.数词+可数名词单数100-meter100米,five-minute5分钟，second-hand二手5.数词+可数名词单数+形容词180-foot-high180英尺高,8-year-old八岁6.数词+名词+-edfour-legged四条腿,one-eyed一只眼睛7.形容词+目前分词good-looking,外表好看easy-going随和8.形容词+过去分词ready-made现成,new-born新生9.形容词+名词+-edwhite-haired长着白发,kind-hearted好心10.形容词+名词right-hand右手,full-time全日制11.副词+过去分词well-known知名,newly-built新建12.副词+目前分词hard-working努力工作,well-meaning善意13.副词＋名词out-door户外1.合成词形容词常用组成办法

第5页名词+名词classroom,weekend名词＋动词sunset日落；名词+动名词handwriting,storytelling讲诉故事动词＋名词playground操场动名词+名词dining-room,reading-room阅览室形容词+名词blackboard,hotdog,greenhouse温室介词＋名词afternoon下午动词+副词get-together聚会,副词+动词outbreak爆发副词+名词outside外面名词+介词+名词son-in-law女婿2.合成名词常用组成办法第6页3.合成代词常用组成办法反身代词：myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves.词根-one（指人）body）（指人）-thing（指物）some（肯定）someone（某人）somebody（某人）something（某事/某物）any（否认/疑问）anyone(任何人)anybody（任何人）anything（任何事）every（肯定）everyone（每个人）everybody（每个人)everything（每件事，一切）no（否认）noone（没有人）nobody（没有人）nothing（什么都没有）语法填空考点第7页形容词+名词anyway况且形容词+副词everywhere副词+副词however介词+名词overhead在头顶介词+副词forever5.合成副词常用组成办法4.合成动词常用组成办法副词+动词overcome战胜、克服,understand理解、明白形容词+动词dry-clean干洗,white-wash涂白、粉饰名词+动词typewrite打字,sleepwalk梦游第8页二.转化法

2023/8/26在英语中，一种单词有一种词性转化为另一种或几个词性而词形不变办法叫做转化法。第9页facen.脸

vt面向seatn.座位vt.坐nursen.护士vt.护理timen.时间vt.定期，测时shipn.船vt.用船装运headn.头v.前进1.名词→动词转化形式1.Haveyoubookedyourticket?你票订好了吗?(book名词→动词,“订购”)2.Handmeyourknife,please.请把你刀子递给我。(hand名词→动词,“传递”)第10页

stopvt.停顿n.车站lovevt.爱n.爱watchvt.观看n.手表lookv.看havealookn.看1).ShallwegooutforadrivenextSunday?下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗?（drive动词转化为名词“驱车旅行”）2).Ioftengothereforawalk.我经常去那里散步。（walk由动词转化为名词“散步”）2.动词→名词第11页

如：dry(干燥）→dry(弄干）,clean(洁净）→clean(清扫，弄洁净）等1)Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.火车速度减慢了二分之一。(slow由形容词转化为动词，“减速”)2).Don'tdirtyyourclothes.别把你衣服弄脏了。(dirty由形容词转化为动词，“弄脏”)3.形容词→动词第12页

freezingadj.冰冻n.冰点solidadj.固体,坚实n.固体。1).Thepoorwerenotallowedtogointothisparkthosedays.(poor由形容词转化为名词，“穷人”)2).Theytookthesicktohospitalyesterday.昨天他们把那个病人送进了医院。(sick由形容词转化为名词，为“病人”)4.形容词→名词第13页7.副词→连词/动词/名词6.介词→副词in(到…里）→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行，继续）early→early,fast→fastHowlonghaveyoulivedhere?你在这儿生活多久了？long形容词副词5.形容词→副词whenadv.什么时候→conj.当……时候;

downadv.向下→v.放下nowhereadv.任何地方都不→n.无处，无名地方第14页8.数词→动词/名词secondnum.第二v.赞成n.秒9.有些词能够词形不变，只因重音变化而发生词类转化，有时词义也也许变化。record[ˈrekɔːd]v.统计record[rɪˈkɔːd]n.统计10.有些词词形不变，只因词尾清浊音变化而发生词类转化，有时词形也能够变化。excuse[ɪksˈkjuːz]v.原谅excuse[ɪksˈkjuːs]n.原谅use[juːz]v.用use[juːs]n.用第15页定义：由一种单词（词根）加上前缀或后缀组成一种与原单词意义相近或截然相反新词叫做派生法。3.派生法:

前缀+词根：前缀一般能引发词义变化但不变化词性。前缀中有相称一部分可组成反义词。只有少数能引发词性变化。如：enlargeenableencourageoutlookoutcomeoutlet1).happy—unhappy(加前缀un-)词根+后缀：

有些后缀一般只引发词性上变化而不造成意思变化。有些后缀不但能变化词义,也能变化词类。adj.adj.开心.不开心1).happy—happily(加后缀-ly)2)work—worker(加后缀-er)开心.开心地adj.adv.工作.工人v.n.2).sleepasleep(加前缀a-)睡眠睡着n.adj.派生词第16页常用否认前缀2023/8/26in-im-il-ir-un-dis-含义：“不、非”

第17页

1.in-

expensive（昂贵）→inexpensive(不昂贵）exact（精确）→inexact(不精确）

(一般放在以“a,c,d,e,f,i,n,o,p,s,t,v”为首字母形容词前)

2.im-

polite(有礼貌)→

impolite(没礼貌),mature(成熟)→immature(不成熟）measurable(可测量)→immeasurable(不可估计）patient(有耐心)→impatient(不耐烦）

(一般只放在以“m,p”为首字母形容词前。)

3.il-

legal→illegal(不合法）(一般只放在以“1”为首字母形容词前。)

第18页

4.ir-

real→

irreal（不真实）regular（规则)→(irregular)不规则

5.un-

wise→unwise(不明智）forgettable(易被忘掉)→unforgettable(难忘）(前缀un-一般放在以“k,1,p,r,s,t,u,v,w,y”等为首字母形容词前)

6.dis-

不,相反

loyal→disloyal(不忠诚）pleased→displeased(不快乐）like→dislike(不喜欢）appear→disappear(消失）

（

前缀dis-可放在某些形容词和动词前组成与该词含义相反新词。）第19页其他前缀mis-错误，失当

mis表达错误或失当前缀,可放在某些动词前表达“错误地……，糟糕地……”understand→misunderstand(误解）use→misuse(滥用）lead→mislead(误导）pro-亲，支持

pro-Chinese(亲华)

pro-Americananti-制止，抗antiwar(反战)anti-Japanesewar(抗日战争)第20页super-

超级,上层

superstar,supermarket,superman,

mini-

微型

minibus（小型公共汽车）under-

下面

undergroundsemi-

半，部分

semicircle（半圆形）

tele-

远

telephone,televisionpre-prewar（战前）post-postwar（战后）fore-

前，预先foretell（预言、预示）forecast预报、预测sub-subway,submarine（潜艇）inter-international,trans-

(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate2023/8/26第21页(1)-erteacher,worker,runner,singer(2)-orinventor,visitor,actor(3)-ingmeet--meeting会议shop--shopping购物(4)-ioneducate教育v.---education

invite邀请v.invitationpredict预言v.prediction1.常用组成名词后缀派生名词第22页

（6）--ness

dark（黑暗adj.)—darkness,happy-happiness,busy-business,careless（粗心adj.)--carelessness状态,性质

(5)-ment

develop发展v.developmentmove移动v.movementdisappoint使失望v.disappointment第23页后缀意义例词-ist人,主义者dentist,scientist,-ess女性actress,waitress-hood身份,状态childhood,boyhood-th状态wealth,truth-ese人Japanese,Chinese-ian人musician,historian-ship状态friendship,membership会员第24页后缀意义例词-able……agreeable（令人快乐）,readable(可读)-an……European,American,Canadian-al……political(政治),musical(音乐)-en由……制成woolen（纯毛）,golden（金制）-ed……blue-eyed（蓝眼睛）-ful充满careful,painful,-ish……foolish,Swedish-less没有...不能...careless,homeless,-ly充满,性质friendly,lovely,-ous有……famous,dangerous-y充满,性质rainy,sleepy2)常用组成形容词后缀：派生形容词第25页后缀意义例词-en动词词尾widen(加宽),strengthen(加强),darken(使变暗)-fy动词词尾beautify（美化）后缀意义例词-ly副词词尾slowly,happily,simply-ward(s)副词词尾eastward(s)向东,backward(s)向后3.常用组成动词后缀：2.常用组成副词后缀：派生副词第26页后缀意义例词-teen十几thirteen;fifteen;eighteen-ty几十forty;fifty;ninety-th第……fifth;sixth;eighth5)数词后缀第27页根据句意，用括号内所给单词合适形式填空。1._____(luck),hewasathomewhenIcalledthismorning.【2023烟台】2.Thankyouforyour__________

(value)information.【2023威海】3.LiuCixinisthe______(write)whowrotethesciencefictionnovelThethreeBodyProblem.【2023江苏宿迁】4.Itis_______(polite)tokeepotherswaitinginmanywesterncountries.【2023兰州】5.Lucyusedtobe______(real)shy.Soshetookactingclassestodealwithhershyness.【2023临沂】6.Scientistsaroundtheworldareworkingto________(cover)amedicineforAIDS(艾滋病）.7.Haveyouevercutyourfingerontheedge(边缘）ofabookpage?Thesmallcutonyourfingerisso________(pain).8.Thereareabout6,000languagesthatarespokenaroundtheworld,but43%ofthemaredyingout.Ifno_______(act)istaken,someoftheselanguageswilldisappear.【2023连云港】P99[精点荟萃]Luckilyvaluablewriterimpolitereallydiscoverpainfulaction状语，副词派生法做定语，形容词主系表（名词）Itis+adj.+todo.形容词修饰副词takeaction采取行动主系表（形容词）主语（名词）第28页9.USscientistEdwardT.Hallsaidthatinaconversationbetweentwopeople,65%of________________(communicate)isdonethroughbodylanguage.10.Doestheradiosaytheexpresswayisclosedinboth________(direct)becauseoftheheavyfog?11.Don'tbe______(patient).LearningEnglishtakessometime.12.I'msorry.I________(complete)forgotthatitwasyourbirthdayyesterday.13.---Timmy,yourbedroomisdirtyand________(tidy).

Sorry,Mum.I'llcleanitrightaway.【2023贵阳】14.Nothingisawasteifwehave________(create)mind.15.The_________(able)won'tfeellonelyifeveryonecandosomethingtohelpthem.16.Chinahasmadegreat________(achieve)sinceitopeneditsdoorstotheoutsideworld.17.Guiyangisdevelopingso________(quick)thatmoreandmoregraduateschoosetowork.communicationdirectionsimpatientcompletelyuntidycreativedisabledachievementsquicklymakegreatachievements取得巨大成就develope为动词，动副the+adj.表达一类人第29页Ⅱ.根据句子意义，用所给单词正确形式填空。1.Itisoneofthehighest_________(build)thiscity.2.Maryhascurlyhairandsheisofmedium_________(high).3.Hewasoneofthe________(run)whowontherace.4.Lookatthesun.Todayisa_________(sun)day.5.I'mafraidhe'smadethewrong_________(decide)onthatmatter.6.Mrs.Brownbecame_________(worried)sheheardthenewsaboutherson.7.Thereisa______(cut)machineinthemiddleoftheworkshop.8.Thewindblew_________(heavy)ontheeveningofChristmasDay.9.LiHuawonthefirstplaceinthesportsmeet.Heisthe_______(proud)ofourclass.10.TheTVplayisso_________(interest)thatIwanttoseeitagain.11.Look!How__________(happy)thechildrenaredancing!12.Theroomnexttomineis_________(noise).13.Don'topenyourbooks.Pleasekeepthem_________(close).14.Thedictionaryisvery_________(help)tomystudy.15.I'mgoingtogivemysistersome_________(beauty)flowersforhergraduation.16.Theweatherhereisveryfine.Wehavealotof_____(sun)everyday.17.Amongallhis_________(invent),thatisthemostimportantoneinhislife.18.AformwasgiventoMaggietofillinher_________(person)information.buildingsheightrunnerssunnydecisionworriedcuttingheavilyprideinterestinghappilynoisy.closedhelpfulbeautifulsunshineinventionspersonal第30页动词短语辨析第31页动词短语▶常见动词短语类型动词+介词dreamof梦想;laughat讥笑;thinkabout考虑;dependon依靠;getto达到;listento听;counton指望;arrivein/at达到;waitfor等候;agreewith赞成动词+副词growup长大;turnoff关闭;eatup吃光;lookthrough浏览;putoff推迟;pickup捡起;pulltogether同心协力;stayup熬夜;setout出发动词+名词makemistakes犯错误;takephotos照相;loseheart灰心;makesense故意义;takechances碰运气;makeprogress取得进步;takeplace发生动词+副词+介词catchupwith赶上;comeupwith提出;lookforwardto盼望;getalongwith与……相处融洽;datebackto追溯到;runoutof用完;lookdownupon看不起动词+名词+介词makefunof取笑;takepridein以……为豪;payattentionto注意;takecareof照顾;showinterestin对……感爱好;makeuseof利用;takecontrolof控制动词+介词+名词gotoschool去上学;gotobed去睡觉;keepinmind记住第32页▶常见动词短语look短语lookat看;lookfor寻找;lookup查阅;lookaround环顾;lookafter照顾turn短语turnon打开;turnup调高,出现;turnout成果是;turndown调低,回绝put短语putup张贴,搭建;putaway把……收起来;puton穿上;putdown记下,写下;putout熄灭give短语giveup放弃;giveaway捐赠;giveoff发出(光、热等);giveout分发;givein屈服take短语takeoff脱掉,起飞;takeout取出,拿出;takeup占据,开始从事;takein吸取;takedown记下,写下;takepartin参与get短语getup起床;getover克服;geton上(车、船、飞机等);getreadyfor为……作准备;getoff下(车、船、飞机等)第33页make短语makeup组成,组成;makefaces做鬼脸;makeadecision作出决定;makeapromise作出承诺go短语gooff(警报器等)突发巨响,熄灭;goon继续;goaway离开;goover认真检查;goup上升,增加come短语comeout出版,开花;comealong出现,跟随;comeon加油,快点儿fall短语fallover被……绊倒;falloff从……跌落;fallbehind落后于;fallasleep入睡keep短语keepoff使不接近,远离;keepintouchwith和……保持联系;keepawayfrom远离;keepupwith赶上,与……保持联系think短语thinkof想起,记得;thinkup想出(主意或计划等);thinkover认真考虑▶常见动词短语第34页1.---Lucy,whenyouleavetheroom,please________thelight.---OK,Mom.【2023菏泽】2.---Idon'tknowhowto__________theoldbooks.---Whynotgivethemawaytopoorchildren?【2023湖北黄冈】3.---Today,mobilepaymentisveryconvenient.Almosteveryoneisusingit.---That'strue.Wedon'tevenneedto_________moneyfromthebank.【2023深圳】4.---CanIhelpyou,Sir?---Yes,please.Iam__________ablueT-shirt.【2023兰州】5.April15wasasaddayforFrance.Alargefire__________at