人教版 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language课件(共35张PPT)

第第页人教版选择性必修二Unit1ScienceandScientistsLearningAboutLanguage课件(共35张PPT)(共35张PPT)

人教版（2023）选择性必修二

Unit1ScienceandScientists

LearningAboutLanguage

Buildupyourvocabulary

Learningobjectives

Bytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:

1.usewordformationtosummarizeandrememberwords;

2.uselexicalchunkstoexpressmeanings;

3.graspandpractisewordsandexpressionsincontext.

Findthewordsfromthepreviouspageswiththefollowingprefixesorsuffixes.Thenaddtwowordsforeachprefixorsuffix,andexplaintheirmeanings.

PrefixWordsMeaningPrefixWordsMeaning

re-micro-

dis-trans-

remove

replace

reuse

microscope

microwave

microphone

discover

disable

disappear

transform

transport

transplant

again

not

small

completechange;through,across

SuffixWordsMeaningSuffixWordsMeaning

-ory-ial

-ion-ology

contradictory

advisory

compulsory

infection

action

relation

substantial

partial

financial

epidemiology

biology

sociology

ofor

relatingto

actionorprocess

havingthecharacteristicsof

abranchofknowledge

Makephrasesbycombiningthewordsintheleftboxwiththoseontheright.Thencompletethesentencesusingthesephrases.

Manyscientists_____________theviewthatitishumanactivitythathascausedglobalwarming.

Hewasto___________theaccidentbecausehedroveonthewrongsideoftheroad.

Theman_____________beingbehindtherobberywasseencrossingthestreet.

Sinceheartdiseaseisoften___________ourlifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.

tooffor

subscribesuspectblamelink

subscribeto

blamefor

suspectedof

linkedto

Replacetheunderlinedpartswithsuitablewordsfromthebox.

Itisnotunusualforanathletetobewellknownwhileheisactive,andquicklyforgottenwhenhisathleticcareerisover.

I’msureshe’lldealwiththechangesverywellbecauseshe’sveryadaptable.

Hewasreadytoservedinnertohisfriendswhenherealisedthathehadforgottentoturnontheovenandthemeatwasnotcookedyet.

Heusedhisgreatinfluencetochangethethinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue.

Scientistshavecollectedmoredatathanexpectedtoprovethetheory.

rawahouseholdnamesubstantialstatisticshandle

raw

substantial

statistics

ahouseholdname

handle

Readthispassageaboutmedicalpleteitusingthewordsbelow.

Britishscientistsbelievetheymayhavefoundawaytofightthecommoncold.Itblocksakeyproteininthebody’scellsthatisto_______forthespreadofcold-causingvirus.Targetingthehostratherthanthe_________wasabitnon-traditionalbutmadesensebecauseitwastrickytotargetthevirus.Cold-causingvirusarenotonlyof_________kinds,theyalso___________rapidly,meaningtheycanquicklydevelopresistancetomedicine.Researchersareworkingonmakingaformofmedicinethatcanbetakendirectlyintoone’slungs,to_________thechanceofsideeffects.Thoughthesescientistshavemade__________advancesintheirresearch,further_______isneededtomakesuresuchdrugsarenotso_________thattheyharmthebody.

infectionmultipledecreasesevere

transformproofblamesubstantial

infection

multiple

transform

blame

decrease

substantial

proof

severe

Discoverusefulstructures

Learningobjectives

Bytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:

1.learnthecharacteristicsofthepredicativeclauseandunderstanditsfunction

insentences;

2.learnthewordsthatcanintroduceapredicativeclause;

3.learntousethepredicativeclauseincontextandindailyconversations.

1.Theapparenttruthwasalie.

2.Thetruthwasthatthemanhaddisappeared.

Let’slookatthefollowingsentences.

Lead-in

subject

linking

word

predicativeclause

Whatclauseisit

subject

linking

word

predicative

Underlinealltheexamplesinthereadingpassagewherenounclausesareusedasthepredicative.Thenstatetheirmeaningandfunctions.

Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.

Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.

ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.

Presentation

PredicativeClauses

(表语从句)

定义

在复合句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。表语从句经常位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。与宾语从句和主语从句一样，表语从句也是一种名词性从句。

e.g.Thequestioniswhobrokethevase.

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.

连

系

动

词

状态类:be动词,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay…

变化类:become,get,turn,grow,fall,come,go…

感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel…

连接词连词在从句中不作成分that,whether,asif,asthough,because…

连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever…

连接副词在从句中作状语when,where,how,why…

表语从句的引导词

表语从句要点归纳

1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

e.g.WhatIwanttoknowiswhenshewillbeback.

Rawmaterialiswhatwearebadlyinneedof.

2.that引导表语从句时，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，无实

际意义，有时省略。

e.g.Thefactis(that)sheneverlikedhim.

ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

3.whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，到底”，在句

中不作任何成分。if不能引导表语从句。

e.g.Thequestioniswhetheryourunclewillofferhelptous.

Herconfusioniswhethersheshouldsticktoherownwayoflifeor

followtheAmericanway.

4.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,

whichever等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、

表语或定语，本身具有词义。

e.g.Thequestioniswhowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjob

atthelawfirm.

Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadiswhatisgenerallycalled

agapyear.

5.连接副词where,when,why,how等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中

还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。

e.g.Thequestioniswhentheywillstarttheproject.

Thequestionishowhedidit.

WhatJohnSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854

outbreakofcholerainLondonhadcausedover500deaths

withintendays.

6.Thatisbecause...指原因或理由；

Thatiswhy...指由于某种原因所造成的后果。

e.g.Brucedidnotwatchthegamelastnight.Thatwasbecausehehadto

helphislittlesisterwithherhomework.

Bobhadseenthefilmbefore.Thatwaswhyhedidnotseeityesterday.

7.需使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在advice,suggestion,order,proposal等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”形式，should可省略。

e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.

Ourdecisionisthattheschoolremainclosed.

Answerthefollowingquestionsusingtheinformationfromthereadingpassageaswellasthepredicativeclauses.

Example

WhatwasitthatJohnSnowshowedtotheworld

→WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.

1.WhatwasSnow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondon

Snow’sdiscoveryintwoparticularstreetsinLondonwasthat_____________

_______________________________________________________________.

thecholera

outbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays

2.WhatwasSnowdeterminedtofindoutduringthe1854outbreakofcholerain

London

WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhy________________________

_________________________________.

3.WhatweretheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemap

TheexactplacesSnowmarkedonthemapwerewhere___________________

__________.

4.WhatwasthefindingthatSnowannounced

Snow’sfindingwasthat_________________________________________.

theoutbreakofcholerahad

causedover500deathswithintendays

allthosewhodied

thepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms

hadlived

asifthatwhatwhowhenhowwhywhosewhichwhether

AAbsolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwas________happenedattheinitialstageofour

group’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.

BYes,itis.Anditseemed_______allthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwas_________we

couldn’tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.

CExactly.Theproblemwasnotabout___________allourtheorieswereequallygood,butin

deciding__________________theorytodependupon.

DWerealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnot__________aspectweneededtodevelopa

theoryin,butrather______wecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!

EYou’reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwas______wehadtocarry

outtheresearchinthefirstplace.

DavidistalkingtoMariaabouttheirscientificresearchproject.FirstcompleteDavid’slines(A-E),usingthewordsinthebox.ThenputDavid’slinesinthecorrectorderandpractisetheconversation.

Practice

what

asif

that

which/what

which/what/whose

how

why

whether

Maria:Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.

David:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Maria:Withyourtheoreticalframework

David:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Maria:Decidingonatheoryisdefinitelyofcriticalimportance.

David:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Maria:Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.

David:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Maria:Sowhathappenedintheend

David:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

CExactly.Theproblemwasnotaboutwhetherallourtheorieswereequallygood,butin

decidingwhich/what/whosetheorytodependupon.

AAbsolutely.Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofour

group’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.

DWerealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhich/whataspectweneededtodevelopa

theoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingitseffect!

BYes,itis.Anditseemedasifallthetheorieswereuseful,butthefactwasthatwe

couldn’tpersuadeoneanotherthatonetheorywasbetterthananother.

EYou’reright.Atlast,webecamefocusedonthekeyissue,whichwaswhywehadtocarry

outtheresearchinthefirstplace.

Completethefollowingideasbyfamousscientistswithawordorexpressionthatintroducesapredicativeclause.

1.Researchis__________I’mdoingwhenIdon’tknowwhatI’mdoing.

(WernervonBraun)

2.Thesaddestaspectofliferightnowis__________sciencegathersknowledgefaster

thansocietygatherswisdom.

(IsaacAsimov)

3.Anexpertcanbe__________hasmadeallthemistakesthatcanbemadeinavery

narrowfield.

(NielsBohr)

what

that

Workbook

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhy

whoever

4....whendifferentexperimentsgiveyouthesameresult,itisnolongersubjectto

youropinion.That’sthegoodthingaboutscience:It’struewhetherornotyou

believeinit.That’s__________itworks.

(NeildeGrasseTyson)

5.Thisappliedscience,whichsavesworkandmakeslifeeasier,bringsuslittle

happiness.Thatis__________wehavenotyetlearnttomakesensibleuseofit!

(AlbertEinstein)

6.Thereareonlytwowaystoliveyourlife.Oneis__________nothingisamiracle.

Theotheris__________everythingisamiracle.

(AlbertEinstein)

why

because

asthoughbecausethatwhatwhoeverwhy

asthough

asthough

Workbook

Completetheconversationsusingnounclausesasthepredicative.

1.A:Papermaking,printing,gunpowder,andthecompassarethefourgreatinventions

ofancientChina.TheyaresignificantcontributionsoftheChinesenationtothe

world.

B:Sure,theyare.WhatIwanttoknowthoughis____________________________

___________________________________________.

2.A:TheancientChinesewerethefirsttoinventpaperandprinting.Thentheywent

ontoinventbooksandhadopenedbookshopsinmanycities.

B:WhatI’mcuriousaboutis____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________.

whichoneisthegreatestinhow

theseinventionshavechangedChinaandtheworld

whoinventedpaper/howpeoplemadethefirstpaper/

wheninkwasinvented/whatpaperwasmadefrom/whenandhowprintingspread

totherestoftheworld/howrecordswerekeptbeforetheinventionofpaper

Workbook

3.A:ThecompassisaspecialinventionofancientChina,datingbacktoasearlyas

theWarringStatesPeriod.

B:Yes.Itseems______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

___________________________.

4.A:Gunpowderwasoriginallyusedformakingfireworks.

B:Butwhatsurprisesmeis_____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________.

thatthecompasswasparticularlyuseful/asifpeoplehadtodependonthepositionsofthesun,themoon,andsoonwhentheywereatseabeforethecompasswasinvented/thatancientChinesehaddevelopedagoodknowledgeofmagnetism

thatgunpowderwasnotusedinitiallyforfirearms/

howitissounexpectedlyusedtoday/howheavilyminingdependsuponit/

thatithasbeengenerallyusednotonlyinindustriesbutinwarsacrosstheworld

Workbook

5.A:Afterthediscoveryofmedicine,acupuncturewasinventedinChina,

acupunctureisatreatmentwhichdoesn’tinvolveanydrugs.Verythinneedles

areputincertainpartsofaperson’sbody.

B:ReallyWhatpuzzlesmeis__________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

____________.

6.A:High-speedtrains,mobilepayments,thebike-sharingsystem,andonline

shoppingareconsideredbysomeasthenew“fourinventions”ofChina.

B:IsthatsoIfeel/Itseems____________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________.

whofirststartedthispractice/forwhomthispracticewasfirstdone/whyanyonewouldstickaneedleintheirbody,eventobecomewell

thattheseinventionshavereallymadeourliveseasier/

thateveryChineseisproudofthenew“fourinventions”/asifIcouldnotlivewithoutthem,especiallywhenitcomestoonlineshopping/thatweallbenefitfromallthesethings/thatwemayhavetorememberthateverycoinhastwosides

Workbook

Completethefollowingconversationusinganappropriatewordbelow.

Exercise

Tom:Hi,Jane.Iwanttobecomeascientist.Myquestionis________scientistswork

andwhatIneedtodoinordertobecomeascientist.Firstofall,I’dliketoknow

howlongIhavetostudytobecomeascientist.

Jane:Well,thatdepends.Usually,ascientistmusthaveatleastaBachelor’sdegree,so

thatmeansaboutfouryearsincollege.Nowadays,mostscientistsneedaMaster’s

degree,too.

Tom:Mysecondquestionis________coursesormajorshouldIchoose.

Jane:Again,thatdependsonwhatyouwanttostudyinthefuture.Youwillneedto

studymaths.Ifyouwanttobeasuccessfulscientist,youmustunderstandthe

basicsofphysics,chemistryandbiology.

thatwhichhowwhatwhether

what

how

Tom:Wow,that’salot.Whatpuzzledmewas________branchofscienceIshould

choose

Jane:Well,Ithinkthebestwayis______youshouldgetsomepracticalexperience.

Visitscientistsandlaboratoriestoseewhatthelifeofascientistislike.Ask

scientiststotellyouabouttheirwork.Youshoul