2023年九年级暑期话题阅读天天练：科普知识（含解析）

第第页2023年九年级暑期话题阅读天天练：科普知识（含解析）2023年九年级暑期话题阅读天天练：科普知识

（共10题）

一、阅读理解题（共10题）

ThehighesttemperatureinsummerinShanghaiisaround100degreesFahrenheit.What100degreesRememberwearetalkingunitsinFahrenheit,notCelsius.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthetwoscales(刻度)

CelsiusandFahrenheitarebothusedtomeasure(测量)temperature.AlotofcountriesmainlyusetheCelsiusscale,becauseitstartsfrom0andendsat100andiseasiertouse.However,theFahrenheitscaleismorepopularinothercountries,suchastheUnitedStates.

FahrenheitwasintroducedbyaGermanscientistnamedDanielGabrielFahrenheitin1724.CelsiusandFahrenheithavedifferentfreezingpoints(凝固点)andboilingpoints(沸点).IntheFahrenheitscale,thefreezingpointofwateris32degrees,andtheboilingpointis212degrees.Thereare180degreesbetweentheboilingandfreezingpointsofwater,sotheFahrenheitscaleismoreaccuratethantheCelsiusscale.

Bothofthesescaleshavetheiradvantagesandtheyhavebeenveryusefulinalotofways.Youwillfindthemusedallovertheworld.

(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

A．ThehighesttemperatureinsummerinShanghai.

B．ThedifferencebetweenCelsiusandFahrenheit.

C．TheadvantagesofusingFahrenheitscale.

D．TheadvantagesofusingtheCelsiusscale.

(2)WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage

A．TheFahrenheitscaleismorepopularthantheCelsiusscale.

B．Fahrenheitwasintroducedtotheworldtwohundredyearsago.

C．IntheCelsiusscale,theboilingpointofwateris100degrees.

D．theCelsiusscalehasmoreadvantagesthantheFahrenheitscale.

(3)WhatistheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword"accurate"

A．精确的B．正确的C．完整的D．合适的

阅读选择

WhatisyourfavouritecolourDoyoulikeyellow,orange,andredIfyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist（乐观者）,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.DoyouprefergreenandblueThenyouareprobablequiet,shyandyouwouldfollowbutnotlead.Ifyoulovegreen,youarestrong-mindedanddetermined.Youwishtosucceedandwantotherpeopletoseeyouaresuccessful;atleastthisiswhatpsychologists（心理学家）tellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourpreference（爱好）,andtheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.Theytellusthatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecolouraswegrowup.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidsoassoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

Ayellowroommakesusfeelmorecheerfulandmorecomfortablethanadarkgreenone,andareddressbringwarmthandcheertothesadwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing（压抑）.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutalsomoreactive.Itisafactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangethanwhentheyarepaintedblackordarkgray.

Remember,then,thatifyoufeellow,youcanalwaysbrightenyourdayoryourlifewithanewshirtofafewcolourfulthings.Alsorememberthatyouwillknowyourfriendsandyourenemiesbetterwhenyoufindoutwhatcolourstheylikeanddislike.Anddon'tforgetthatanyonecanguessalotaboutyourcharacter（性格）whenyouchooseapieceofhandkerchief（手帕）oralampshade（灯罩）.

(1)Ifyoulike_____,youcanactanactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.

A．grayandblueB．yellow,orangeandred

C．greenD．brightcolours

(2)Apersonwho_____can'tbealeader.

A．isdeterminedandstrong-mindedB．likesgreenandblue

C．lovesredandbrownD．hasorangecolourpreference

(3)Accordingtothepassage,_____.

A．onecanchoosehiscolourpreference

B．oneisbornwithhiscolourpreference

C．one'scolourpreferenceischangeable

D．onehastochoosehisfavouritecolourassoonashecanseeclearly

(4)Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeople_____.

A．moreactiveB．happierC．bothAandBD．depressing

(5)"I'mfeelingblack"means"_____".

A．I'mdepressedB．I'mexcited

C．I'mveryhappyD．I'mfeelingwell

(6)Thewholepassagemainlytellsus_____.

A．one'scolourspreferencedecidesone'scharacter

B．factoryworkersworkbetterandharderwithfeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorange

C．psychologistshavebeenstudyingthemeaningofcolourpreference

D．one'scolourpreferencehassomethingtodowithhischaracterandcolourshaveeffectsonhumanbeings

IntheUnitedStates,peopleareluckytohaveaneasywaytogetcleanwater—justturningonthetap(龙头).

Wewakeupinthemorning,takeashower,brushourteeth,drinkacupofcoffeeandgoouttoenjoyabeautifulday.Waterisanimportantpartinourdailylivesandweuseitfordifferentpurposes,butdowereallyknowhowmuchweuse

EachAmericanfamilyusesmorethan300gallons(加仑)ofwatereverydayathome.About70%ofthisuseisindoors.

Wateralsoplaysabigpartinourlocalcommunities(当地社区).Withoutwatertherewouldbenolocalbusinessorfactories.Firefighting,parks,andpublicswimmingpoolsallneedlotsofwater.Tobringusmuchwater,weneedalotofpipestoourtapseachday.

WheredoesallthiswatercomefromItstartsoutasrainorsnowandflows(流)intoourlocallakes,riversandstreamsorintounderground.Youcanlearnmoreaboutwaterinyourcountry,forexample,howpeopleprotectwaterandwhereyourlocaldrinkingwatercomesfrom.

(1)Theunderlinedword"it"referto(指的是)_____.

A．waterB．coffeeC．ashowerD．theday

(2)Theunderlinedword"pipe"inthepassageprobablymeans_____inChinese.

A．桶B．人工C．管子D．产业

(3)Paragraph(段落)Fourtalksabout_____.

A．theuseofwaterinhomes

B．howtousewaterinhomes

C．howtousewaterinthelocalcommunity

D．theuseofwaterinthelocalcommunity

(4)Thewriterwritesthepassageto_____.

A．askustosavewater

B．telluswherewatercomesfrom

C．tellussomeinformationaboutwater

D．askustodrinkwater

Ifyouearsareworkingwell,youhearsoundsallthetime.Youcan'tswitch(关掉)yourearsoff,evenwhenyouareasleep.

Listening

Whenyoureallywanttolistentosomething,youtellbraintofocusonthatsound.Ifyourearsarehealthyandarebothworkingwell,theycanturndownothersoundswhileyoufocusonwhatyouwanttohear.Ifoneearisn'tworkingtheother,theycan'tdothisaswell.Ifyouhearingcells(细胞)havebeendamagedbytoomuchloudnoiseormusic,whatyouwanttohearcangetmixedupandlostintheothersoundsaround.Withhealthyearsyoucanchoosewhatyouwanttolistento,butyoucan'tchoosewhatyouhear.

Understanding

Yourbraindealswiththereceivedsoundsandtellsyouwhattheymean.Somepeoplehaveproblemsunderstandingwhattheyarehearingbecausetheirearsdon'tworkwellandtheydon'thearallthesounds.Theybraindoesnotgetenoughinformationtounderstandthemessagesortheymaybemixedup.

Selective(选择的)hearing

Lotsofmumsanddadsthinkthatkidshavethis"problem".Theythinkthatyouselectwhatyouaregoingtohearandwhatyoucan'thear!Manymumssaythatdadsdothis,too.Infact,thisissomethingwemayalldototryandmakeourlivesabiteasier.Somechildrenwrotewhattheylikedtohearandwhattheydidn'tliketohear.

(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

(2)PleasefillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwordsofphrasestocompletethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin3words.)

(3)Whatdoesyourbraindowhenyouarelistening

(4)WhichofthesuggestionsdoyouthinkisthemostimportantforyouWhy(Pleaseanswerwithin25words.)

(5)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphintoChinese.

WonderwhycangetmadsoeasilywhileyourfriendsmilesallthetimeIt'sprobablybecauseyoubothhavedifferencepersonalities(性格).

Personalityisalsoabouthowpeoplethink,behave,andreact(反应)toeverythingaroundthemfromdaytoday.

Sowhatmakespeoplethinkandbehaveincertainways

Partofthereasonisthatpeoplearebornlikethis.Ababygetsitsbloodtype,genes(基因)andotherphysicalthingswhenit'sstillinsideitsmother.Thesethingsmayhelpdecidewhatthebabywillbelike.

Butone'spersonalitydoesn'tstophere.Familylife,schoollearningandlifeexperiencescanalsomakeyouthepersonyouare.Thisdoesn'tmeanit'simpossibletochangeyourpersonality.Youcanalwaystrytomakeyourselfbetter.Don'tgettooworriedaboutyourshortcomings(缺点).Justacceptthem.Thisisagoodwaytostartmakingchanges.

Ifyoudon'tknowhowtomakefriends,findoutwhy.Isitbecauseyou'retooshyTellyourselftosmileatpeople.Starttalkingtopeopleusingwarmgreetings.

Don'tgiveyourselfahardtimeaboutitall.It'snoteasytochangelifelong(终生的)habitsinonenight.Keepworkingatit.Onedayyou'llseethatyoucanturnoveranewleafandbeanewyou!

(1)Personalityisaboutthefollowingexcept_____.

A．howyoubehaveB．whatyoulooklike

C．howyoureacttosomethingD．howyouthinkaboutsomething

(2)Ababygetsitsbloodtype,genesandotherphysicalthings_____.

A．whenit'sstillinsideitsmotherB．assoonasit'sborn

C．afterit'sbornD．whenitcanspeak

(3)Fromthepassage,youcanknowit's_____tochangeyourpersonality.

A．possibleB．impossibleC．wrongD．easy

(4)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_____.

A．onlyanoutgoingpersoncanmakemanyfriends

B．thereisnowaytochangeyourlifelonghabits

C．weshouldtrytomakeourselvesbecomebetter

D．everyonecanchangetheirpersonalitiessoon

(5)_____can'tform(形成)aperson'spersonality.

A．BloodtypeB．FamilylifeC．SchoollearningD．Lifeskills

Trytoimaginealifewithoutamemory.Itwouldbeimpossible.Youcouldn'tusealanguage,becauseyouwouldn'trememberthewords.Youcouldn'tunderstandafilm,becauseyouneedtoholdthefirstpartofthestoryinyourmindinordertounderstandthelaterparts.Youwouldn'tbeabletorecognizeanyone—evenmembersofyourownfamily.Youwouldliveinapresentforever.Youwouldhavenopastandyouwouldn'tbeabletoimagineafuture.

Humanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Besidesallourmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecall(回忆)between20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallkindsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavemanyskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsdependonourmemory.

Howwellyourememberthingsdependsonmanydifferentfactors.Firstly,somepeoplehavebettermemoriesthanothersinjustthesamewayassomepeoplearetallerthanothers.Secondly,researchshowsthat,youcanstoredifferentthingsindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,wordsandnumbersarestoredintheleft-handsidewhiletheright-handsiderememberspictures,sounds,andsmells.Inmostpeople,onesideofthebrainismoredevelopedthantheother,andthismayexplainwhysomepeoplecanrememberpeople'sfaceseasily,butcan'tremembertheirnames.

(1)Whatdoes"store"meaninthelastparagraph

A．保存B．翻译C．吸收D．隐藏

(2)Whatdoesthefirstparagraphtalkabout

A．Howtokeepmemorybetter.

B．Howthelifewouldbewithoutmemory.

C．Howbrainworkstokeepmemory.

D．Howtorememberthings.

(3)Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage

A．Ifwehavenomemory,wecanusealotoflanguages.

B．Wecanrememberourlivesandkeepalotofinformationinourmind.

C．Allofpeoplehavegoodmemories.

D．Peoplecanrememberwordswhentheyareusingtheirright-handbrain.

(4)Wherecanweprobablyreadthepassage

A．Inanadvertisement.B．Inastorybook.

C．Inamagazine.D．Inanewsreport.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

MissEvanstaughtPhysicsinaschoolinLondon.Lastmonthshewasexplainingtoherclassaboutsound,andshedecidedtotestthemtoseehowsuccessfulshehadbeeninherwork.Shesaidtothem,"Now,IhaveasisterinWashington.IfIwascallingheronthetelephone,andatthesametimeyouwere20metresawayandlistenedtomefromtheothersideofthestreet,whocouldhearwhatIsaidearlier,mysisteroryouAndwhy"

Thecleverestboyatonceanswered,"Yoursister,MissEvans,becauseelectricity(电)travelsfasterthansoundwaves(波)."

"That'sverygood,"MissEvansanswered,butthenoneofthegirlsputupherhand,andMissEvanssaid,"Yes,Betty"

"Idon'tthinkso,"Bettysaid."Yoursisterwouldhearyouearlierbecausewhenit'seleveno'clockhere,it'sonlysixo'clockinWashington."

(1)MissEvanswasteachingherclass_____lastmonth.

A．aboutsoundB．tohearsomestrangesound

C．aboutelectricityD．howtosaytime

(2)Shewantedtomakeherstudentsknow_____.

A．whethershecouldhearhersisterinWashington

B．whetherherstudentscouldhearherfrom20metresaway

C．whichwasfaster.LondonorWashington

D．electricitytravelsfasterthansoundwaves

(3)Thecleverestboythoughtthat_____.

A．soundwavestravelfasterthanelectricity

B．theywouldhearhersisterinWashingtonfirst

C．MissEvans'squestionwasn'tright

D．MissEvans'ssisterwouldhearherearlier

(4)MissEvans_____.

A．thoughtBetty'sanswerwasmuchbetter

B．thoughtthecleverestboy'sanswerwasn'tsogood

C．wassatisfiedwith(对…感到满意)whatthegirlhadsaid

D．wassatisfiedwithwhatthecleverestboyhadsaid

(5)Bettythoughtthecleverestboywaswrong,because_____.

A．clocksinWashingtonshowedadifferenttimefromthoseinLondon

B．electricitywasslowerthansoundwaves

C．theywereonly20metresawayfromthetelephone

D．electricitytravelsasfastassoundwaves

阅读选择

Yourbodyisspecial–notwopeopleintheworldarealike,Althoughyouaredifferentfromeveryoneelse,youhaveexactlythesamebodypartsasthepeoplearoundyou,doingdifferentjobsthatkeepallofusalive.

Whatisinsidemyhead

Yourheadhousesthemostvaluablepartofyourbody–yourbrain.Asyouarereading,youreyessendpicturestoyourbrainwhichmakesmeaningfromwhatyousee.Yourbrainhelpsyoutorememberandthink,andmakessureyourbodyisdoingwhatitshould.

Whatismyskin(皮肤)for

Yourskincoversyourbody.Inmostpartsofyourbody,theskinisjustasthickashalfacentimeter.Ifyouhaveyourskincut,itwillhaveaquickcureandstopvirusesfromgettingintoyourbody.Yourskinalsohelpsyoufeeltheheatandcoldnessoftheenvironmentaroundyou.Hairgrowsfrominsidetheskin.Whenyoufeelhot,extraheatcomesoutthroughyourskin.Asaresult,yourbodytemperaturedrops.

HowdoImove

Muscles(肌肉)arefoundinmostpartsofyourbody.Theyworkwithyourbonestohelpyoumove–wheneveryoucryorsmile,eatorspeak,walkordance,etc.

WhydoIbreathe

Yourbodyneedstotakeinoxygenfromtheairandgiveouttheunwantedcarbondioxideinthebody.Whenyoubreathe,aircomesthroughyournoseandmouthintoyourlungs(肺)whereoxygenflowstodifferentpartsofyourbody.

Whatmakesmesneeze

Whendustorastrongsmellgetsintoyournose,yousneeze.Thisisthewayyourbodycleansupthedustinyournose.Yourlungspushouttheairandtrytoclearyournose.

Whatdoesmyheartdo

Yourheartisaveryspecialmuscle.Itisslightlybiggerthanyourfist(拳头)andgrowsbiggerasyoudo.Ifyouplaceyourhandonyourheart,youwillfeelyourheartbeatingwhichforcesbloodtomovearoundyourbody.

(1)Theunderlinedword“houses”inthepassageprobablymeans_____.

A．storesB．locksC．createsD．builds

(2)Ifyouhavenoskincoveringyourbody,whatwouldhappen

A．Extraheatcanonlystayinsideourbody.

B．Virusescan'tgetintoourbodyeasily.

C．Wecan'tfeelthechangesintemperature.

D．Ourbodycanbeguardedbyourhair.

(3)Whatisthetruefactaboutyourbody

A．Ourheartisthesamesizefrombirth.

B．Wetakeincarbondioxidetostayalive.

C．Ourmusclesstopworkingwhenwenod.

D．Sneezingisawaytoclearournose.

(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage

A．WhatYourBodyNeedsB．HowYourBodyWorks

C．WhyYourBodyGrowsD．WhenYourBodyMoves

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

Peoplehaveknownsinceancienttimesthataspirin(阿司匹林)reducespainandlowershighbodytemperature.Butthatisnotallthedrugcando.Inrecentyears,ithasbeenusedinotherways,too.Smallamountsmayhelppreventastrokeorheartattack.Onerecentstudyshowedthatsomepeoplewhotooktwoaspirinpillsadayhadlowerratesofcolorectalcancer.And,someresearcherssayaspirinmayhelppatientswithcoloncancerlivelonger.So,howdidaspirinbecomesoimportantThestorybeginswithawillow(柳树).

2,000yearsago,theGreekdoctorHippocratesadvisedhispatientstochewonthebarkandleavesofthewillow.Thetreecontainsachemicalcalledsalicin.Inthe1800s,researchersdiscoveredhowtomakesalicylicacidfromthechemical.In1897,achemistnamedFelixHoffmannatFriedrichBayerandCompanyinGermanycreatedacetylsalicylicacid.Later,itbecametheactivesubstanceinamedicinethatBayercalledaspirin.The"a"camefromacetyl.The"spir"camefromthespireaplant,whichalsoproducessalicin.Andthe"in"Thatisacommonwaytoendmedicinenames.

In1982,aBritishscientistsharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicineinpartfordiscoveringhowaspirinworks.SirJohnVanefoundthataspirinpreventsthebodyfrommakingthenaturalsubstancescalledprostaglandins.Prostaglandinshaveseveraleffectsonthebody.Somecausepainandswelling(肿).Prostaglandinsalsomaketheheart,kidneys(肾)andbloodvesselsworkwell.Sothereisaproblem.Aspirinworksagainstallprostaglandins,goodandbad.Itcanalsoharmtheinsideofthestomach,andsometimesitcancausebleeding.

ButaBritishstudyreleasedin2023suggestedthattakinganotherdrugwithasmallamountofaspirinmayhelpreducetheriskofbleeding.Ifthisprovestrue,itwouldhelpthousandsofpeoplewhoareseekingtopreventlife-threateningconditions.

(1)Thewriterwrotethispassageto_____.

A．tellustheharmofaspirin

B．helpusknowaspirinbetter

C．explainwhyaspirinisuseful

D．provethataspirinisagoodmedicine

(2)WhatdowelearnaboutaspirinfromParagraph1

A．Itisnotuseduntilrecentyears.

B．Usingitforalongtimemayleadtocancer.

C．Itisverydangerousifitisusedinthewrongway.

D．Ithasgainedimportantnewusesinrecentyears.

(3)Whenwastheacetylsalicylicacidcreated

A．About2,000yearsago.B．Intheearly1800s.

C．Inthelate1800s.D．Inrecentyears.

(4)Whatiswaitingtobesolvedaccordingtothelastparagraph

A．Thebleedingcausedbytakingaspirin.

B．Howtoreducetheriskofgettingcolorectalcancer.

C．Howtohelppatientswithcoloncancerlivelonger.

D．Theproblemoflowbodytemperaturecausedbytakingaspirin.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

Isdrinkingmilkthebestwaytogetcalcium(钙)Anewreportsaysitmaynotbe.

"Drinkyourmilk.It'sgoodforyou"You'veprobablyheardthatmanytimes,andit'strue.Milkhascalcium,whichisnecessaryforkeepingbones(骨骼)andteethhealthyandstrong.TheUSgovernmentevensaysthatstudentsshoulddrinkonecupofmilkateachmeal.

In2023,however,anorganizationaskedthegovernmenttotakemilkofftheschoollunchmenu.

Theorganizationsays,"Milkishighinsugar,highinfatandhighinanimalprotein(蛋白质),allofwhichhavenotbeensogoodforhealth."Theorganizationsaystherearebetterandhealthierwaystogetcalcium,suchaseatingbroccoliandtofu."Peopletalkaboutmilkbecauseitisgoingtohelpbuildstrongbones,"saysDrNealBarnard,thepresidentoftheorganization."Butdrinkingmilkmaynotbethebestwaytogetthecalciumyourbodyneeds."

Ofcourse,calciumisimportantforhealthybonesandteeth,butthereareotherwaystoimproveyourbonesstrength,suchasgettingplentyofvitaminDandgettinganhour'sexerciseeveryday.Somenutritionists(营养学家)disagreewiththeideathatmilkisn'timportant.KeriGanssays,"Idon'tthinkit'swisetotakethisdrinkofftheschoolmenu."

MarionNestle,ateacheratNewYorkUniversity,says,"It'struethatmilkhashealthyingredients.Otherfoodshavethesameingredients.It'sjustafood.Likeotherfoods,toomuchmightbeaproblem."

(1)Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_____.

A．theimportanceofmilkinpeople'slife

B．differentopinionsaboutmilk

C．anewreportaboutmilk

D．anewdecisionmadebytheUSgovernment

(2)Whichofthefollowingmaytheorganizationagreewith

①Milkhassomeingredientswhicharebadforpeople'shealth.

②Peoplecangetcalciumfrombroccoliandtofu.

③Calciumisnotimportantforhealthybones.

④Milkshouldbetakenofftheschoollunchmenu.

A．①②③B．②③④C．①③④D．①②④

(3)_____canNOThelpbuildstrongbonesandteeth.

A．GettingcalciumB．GettingvitaminD

C．EatingsugarD．Takingexercise

(4)NealBarnardisa_____.

A．universitystudentB．doctor

C．cookD．teacher

(5)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage

A．Don'tDrinkMilkAnyMore

B．DoYouStillNeedMilkNow

C．KeepDrinkingtheSameAmountofMilk

D．HowtoGettheCalciumThatYourBodyNeeds

答案

一、阅读理解题（共10题）

1.【答案】

(1)B

(2)C

(3)A

【解析】

(1)这篇短文主要介绍了摄氏度和华氏度之间的区别。它们都是用来测量温度的。摄氏温标中，冰点是0度，沸点是100度；在华氏温标中，冰点是32度，沸点是212度，华氏比摄氏更精确。

主旨大意题。提出问题“华氏度和摄氏度这两个刻度有什么区别，第三段介绍了华氏度，而且在很多方面都非常有用。

(2)推理判断题，suchastheUnitedStates.如米国更受欢迎：根据文章第三段。可知：华氏度是1724年由一位名叫丹尼尔加布里埃尔费伦海特的德国科学家提出的。选项B信息有误Bothofthesescaleshavetheiradvantagesandtheyhavebeenveryusefulinalotofways，而且在很多方面都非常有用；根据文章第二段，becauseitstartsfrom0andendsat100andiseasiertouse，冰点是0度。

(3)词义猜测题。thescalefreezingofisdegrees,thepoint212.There180betweenboilingfreezingof。可知：在华氏温标中，沸点是212度。而摄氏温标中，沸点是100度。由此可知：华氏温标比摄氏温标更准确。

2.【答案】

(1)B

(2)B

(3)B

(4)C

(5)A

(6)D

3.【答案】

(1)A

(2)C

(3)D

(4)C

【解析】

(1)文章主要介绍了关于水的一些信息，例如人们的日常用水量，水在当地社区的用途，水从哪里来。

推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Wheredoesallthiswatercomefrom”可推测，画线词“it”指代的是前文的“water”。故答案为：A。

(2)词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Tobringusmuchwater，weneedalotofpipestoourtapseachday.”可知，pipe指的是能通到水龙头的管子。故答案为：C。

(3)段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，这一段主要讲述了水在当地社区有哪些用途。故答案为：D。

(4)主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了关于水的一些信息，例如人们的日常用水量，水在当地社区的用途，水从哪里来。故答案为：C。

4.【答案】

(1)Somethingaboutlistening

(2)aswellas

(3)Yourbraindealswiththereceivedsoundsandtellsyouthemeanings./Yourbraindealswiththereceivedsoundsandtellsyouthemeaningswhattheymean.

(4)Ithinkthesuggestion"Selectivehearting"isthemostimportantformebecauseitmaymakemylifealittleeasier.

(5)只要有健康的耳朵，你就能选择你要听的内容，但是你不能选择听到的内容。

【解析】

(1)这篇短文主要介绍了如果你的耳朵工作的很好，你就能总是听到声音，即使睡觉你也不能关闭耳朵。有了健康的耳朵你就能选择你听到声音，经过大脑处理，你就能理解声音，当然选择性的听会使生活更简单。

根据短文只要解释了为什么健康的耳朵专注于你想听到的声音，为什么人能理解听到的声音及什么会有选择的听的问题。所以这篇短文是关于听的文章，故填Somethingaboutlistening。

(2)如果一个耳朵不能像另一个一样工作的好，那么他们也做不到这点。根据句意，故填aswellas。

(3)根据短文第三段，故填Yourbraindealswiththereceivedsoundsandtellsyouthemeanings(whattheymean)。

5.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)A

(4)C

(5)D

【解析】

(1)短文大意：本文关注的是个性发展，指出个性是一个人对一些事情的思考、表现和反应的方式，但是，如果你一直努力的话，是可以改变自己的个性的。

题意：除了你的长相，性格包括以下几个方面。考查细节判断。A.howyoubehave你的行为举止；B.whatyoulooklike你看起来像什么；C.howyoureacttosomething你对某事有什么反应；D.howyouthinkaboutsomething你是怎么想的。根据Personalityisalsoabouthowpeoplethink,behave,andreacttoeverythingaroundthemfromdaytoday.个性也是关于人们每天如何思考、行为以及对周围事物的反应，可知不包括人的长相，故选B。

(2)题意：当婴儿还在母亲体内时，他就获得了血型、基因和其他身体特征。考查细节理解。根据Ababygetsitsbloodtype,genesandotherphysicalthingswhenit'sstillinsideitsmother.可知选A。

(3)题意：从文章中，你可以知道改变你的个性是可能的。考查句意理解。根据Thisdoesn'tmeanit'simpossibletochangeyourpersonality.这并不意味着改变你的个性是不可能的，可知选A。

(4)题意：从这篇文章中，我们可以了解到，我们应该努力让自己变得更好。考查细节推断。A.onlyanoutgoingpersoncanmakemanyfriends只有外向的人才能交到很多朋友；文中没有提及，可知说法错误。B.thereisnow