2021年高考艺考生英语一轮同步复习必修五Unit1Greatscientists8536

基础必备必修五Units1-5Unit1Greatscientists理基础•自主排查夯实基础语礙提升［重点单词分类］阅读单词〔.positiveadj.2.victimn.积极的；肯定的；确实的受害者3.suspectvt.怀疑4.severeadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的5.rejectvt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃6.investigatevt.&vi.调查写作单词defeat'vt打败；战胜；使受挫失败n.1..vt2.attend照顾；护理；出席；参加.challe3.n.挑战vt.向......挑战ngevt4.absorb吸收；吸引；使专心.5.6.7.8.9.10vt.blameexpert责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备adjn.专家；行1.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的家exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光curen.治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗vt.handlepositiv处理；操纵n.柄，把手adj.积极的；肯定的［语境活用］e.1.Children,whenexposed（暴露）toanEnglish-speakingatmosphere,willpickuptheIanguagemuchmoreeasily.2.Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,absorbed（使专心in）conversation.3.Blamed（责备）forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.4.Thearmywaswell-trainedandwell-armed,andhadlittledifficultydefeating_（打败）theenemy.5.6.Heisgoodathandling(操作)thehugecalculatingmachine.Hefinishedtheworkinapositive(积极的)way.Hewassoillthattwonurseswereattending(照顾)on7.him.8.Researchersfindcures(治疗方法)forcertaindiseasesoftenbyusingtheforests'plantandanimallife.拓展单词1.scientificadj.科学的scieneen.科学；技术scientistn.科学家2.concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusionn.结论；结束3.4.analysevt.分析analysisn.分析analyses(pl.)n.分析deadlyadj.致命的deadadj.无生命的diev.死亡deathn.死；死亡5.announcevt.宣布；通告announcementn.宣告；通告6.instructvt.命令；指示；教导instructionn.命令；指示；教导instructions(pl.)n.指令；说明instructorn.教员；指导者T7.responsibleadj.有责任的；负责的responsibilityn.责任；职责（反义TT词）irresponsibleadj.不负责任的；不可靠的8.constructvt.建设；修建constructionn.建设；建筑物T9.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contributionn.贡献；捐献；投稿T10.creativeadj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的createvt.创造，创作T11.cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的cautionn.小心；谨慎T1.Wewereshockedbytheannounceme(announce)thatthemayorwasresigning.nt2.RosaParksmadeagreatcontribution(contribute)tothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS.3.Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificuniversalityofart.4.Whileenjoyingthemomentinthebar,be(scienee)methodstothestudyofthecautious(caution)andkeepaneyeonyour［语境活用］drinkatalltimes.5.LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadcon

struction(construct).6.Butforyourinstruction(instruct),Iwouldn'thavemadesuchgreatprogressinsoshortatime.Thanksalot.［重点拓语双向］第一组短语识记1putforward提出.2drawaconclusion得出结论.3.4.5.expose使显露;暴露to将……和…起来…•联系或连接linktoapartfrom除……之外；此外语境活用1.Everyoneissupposedtoputforwardsomesuggestionsonhowtoimproveourenvironmentatthemeeting.2.Itisobviousthatlungcancerislinkedtoheavysmoking.3.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawaconclusion第二组短语识记1.beenthusiasticabout热衷于；对...充满热情2makesense(be)strict讲得通；有意义对……严格.3withcontribute.4的有助于；扌冃to.献；5betoblame应受责备.6.lookinto调查语境活用DearNicolausCopernicus,Asanastronomer,I1.amenthusiasticaboutyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Thefollowingreason2.contributedtomysuggestion.Thepresenttheorydoesn't3.makesense,forwecannotconcludeitthattheearthisthecentreoftheuniverse.SoIsincerelyhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yours,LiHua［轻典句式应用］填写课本佳句1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak(每次暴发霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的行动才能说得清楚。

析考点•课堂互动1.attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加vi.专心；留意QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰期诺是伦敦一位著名的医生一一他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。(1)attendameeting/alecture/awedding/school/church处理；倾听；专心于(2)attendto参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜(3)unattendedadj.无侍从的，没人照顾的，未被注意的，无人出席的，无人照管的［写出下列句中黑体词的含义］ng.出席③(2018•匕京卷)Formany‘findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith£400incashwouldbea))source(来源oftemptation(诱惑.无人照管的2.exposevt.暴露；［教材原句］Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。(1)expose...to...暴露...给...；使...接触...exposeoneselfto...使自己面临....；使自己暴露于...揭露；使曝光；使面临(((2)beexposedto遭受到；使)接触到①Shehasthecouragetoexposeherself(she)tothedanger.②Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentoplaying(play)computergames.［句式升级］③Hewasexposedtotherainandwindlastnightandhewasill.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Exposedtotherainandwindlastnight,hewasill.3.absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心；理解［教材原句］Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswith

theirmeals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(1)absorb...from.从……中吸收……..absorb.」nto...把...吸收入absorboneselfin(2)absorbedadj.专心于；全神贯注于全神贯注的(be)absorbedin...全神贯注于……)Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.①(2018全国卷②Thisplantabsorbswaterfromtheearth.［一句多译］汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。③Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.拓展全神贯注的几种表达方式:④Absorbedinhiswork，Tomforgottoinformherofit.(分词短语作状语)belostin/beabsorbedin/beburiedin/putone'sheartinto/concentrateon/giveone'swholeattention/mindto等。4.blamevt.责备；谴责；把［教材原句］Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来水是……归咎于n.过失；责备罪魁祸首。(1)blamesb.forsth./doingsth.为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人)(betoblame(for)应(为....承担责任；该为....)受责备(2)put/laytheblameforsth.on...将某事归咎于...①Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Youshouldtaketheblameforfailure.②(2018江苏卷)Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblame(blame).③Shelaidtheblameforthefailureoftheirmarriageonherhusband.④Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamed(blame)forfailingtheexam.5.contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助［高考佳句］Nodoubtthetheaterhascontributedtothearea'sdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth.(2018江苏卷)毫无怀疑剧院促进了地方的发展和经济增长。(1)contributesth.to...把某物捐献给....contributeto有助于；捐献；导致；投稿(2)contributionn.捐献；贡献makeacontribution/contributionsto对...做出贡献①Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothestothehomelesspeople.②Yourcontribution(contribute)willcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.③Besides,consultingourteacherscancontributetosolving(solve)theproblems.)()6.putforward提出健议；推荐；将......提前；将钟表等向前拨［教材原句］Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？putaside忽视，不理睬；存钱，留出putaway收起来放好putdown记下；putoff推迟；延期putout扑灭；生产putup举起；张贴放下；镇压［写出下列句中putforward的含义］①ItendtoacceptanyideaputforwardbyexpertsonTV.提出②Yououghttoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.将(钟表等)向前拨③Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.将......提前④Ithinkheisfitfortheposition；therefore,niputhimforwardasacandidate.推荐［间考词汇］7.concludevt.&vi.结束，推断出①Heconcluded(conclusion)fromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.②Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeitwithimportantpoints.［完成句子］③Toconclude,Iwouldliketoaskafewquestionsabouthispersonallife,whichmustbeveryinteresting.最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。④Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。

)(从...中推断出(1)concludewithsth.coneludesth.以...结束bydoingsth.fromsth.that...toconclude最后(2)cometo/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之［介词填空］①ProfessorWangsaidthereasonofshortsightednessiscomplicatedandthatthereisstillnoexcellentcureforit.②Thefreshairandexercisecuredhimofhissleeplessnesswhichmadehimfeelrelief.()acurefor...针对.........的治疗法curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等9.challengen.挑战vt.向.....挑战①Iwanttochallengehimtoagameofbasketball.②Teachingyoungchildrenisachallenging(challenge)andrewardingjob.③Exploringouterspaceisachallengetomankind.(1)challengesb.tosth.向某人挑战某事challengesb.todosth.向某人挑战做某事(2)challengingadj.具有挑战性的10.instructvt.命令；指示；教导①Withtheteacherinstructing(instruct)them,thestudentshavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.②Youmustreadtheinstructions(instruct)beforetakingthemedicine.③Thestudentsneedateachertoinstructthem(1)instructsb.todosth.instructsb.in(doing)sth.指导某人做)某事topaint(paint).命令某人做某事(⑵instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意义的instructionn.指导；指示；用法说明Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。neither...nor...“既不遵循“就近一致原则不是...就是.....也不”的其他并列连词:either...or...notonly...butalso...不仅....而且...not...but...不是.....而是...①Neithertheteachernorthestudentsare(be)contentwiththeresult.②NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister,Mary,takes(take)greatinterestinthepianolessonsnow.［同义句改写］③Henrywon'tseeafilmtonight.HisgirlfriendHelenwon't,either.TNeitherHenrynorhisgirlfriendHelenwillseeafilmtonight.④Thenursesareverykindtothepatients;thedoctorisverykindtothepatients,too.TNotonlythenursesbutalsothedoctorisverykindtothepatients.［1研教材•话题拓展J5硏教材对接高考I.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon,whowassoexpertthathe①attended(attend)QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthewasfamousfor②defeating(defeat)“KingCholera?Cholerawasa③deadly(dead)diseaseandneitheritscause④noritscurewasunderstood.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblem.Hesuspectedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.SowhenanothersevereoutbreakhitLondon,hebeganhisenquiry.Hefoundthatmanyvictims⑤linked(link)totheoutbreakwerenearthewaterpump,sohehadthehandle⑥removed(remove).Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hedrew⑦theconclusionthatthepollutedwaterwas⑧toblame(blame).Thewater⑨companies(company)wereinstructednottoexposepeople⑩topollutednwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”dwfeated..话题微写作根据所给提示，介绍一下Simon的英语老师是如何帮助他学习英语的。1.非常严厉，经常提出问题；2.建议多阅读课文；3.总是鼓励他，只有永不放弃才能成功。1.尽量多地使用本单元的知识点;2.可适当增加细节；3•请根据以上提示，写一篇100词左右的短文。［范文］Simon'sEnglishteacherisverystrictwithhimandsheoftenputsforwardquestionsforSimontoanswer.Apartfromthis,shesuggestsSimondrawconclusionsfromtextsandinthisway,Simonabsorbsgreatknowledgefromreading.lnaddition,Simonhashiscompositionscheckedandlearnsfromthegoodarticles.EverytimeSimonwantstogiveup,shealwaysencourageshimnotto,becauseonlyifhenevergivesupcanhesucceed.Withthehelpoftheteacher,Simonhasmaderapidprogress.备习作•日积月累由词组句由少积岳第21讲状语从句一方式状语从句［说明］由as,asif,asthough等弓丨导。简单示例Theoldmanactsandspeaksasifhewereachild状语从句(方式).跟芻训练1.叫我怎样做，答案：I'lldoasIamtoldto.2.他听到一我就怎样做。种声音，好像有人在呼吸。答案：Heheardasound,asifsomeonewasbreathing.3.我们应该像班长那样学习。答案：Weshouldstudyasourmonitordoes.4.他说话的答案：Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.5.他可以说是本活词典。口气像是曾经到过那里似的。答案：Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.提素能•课时冲关素能提升规范漓练［基础巩固］单句语法填空1.Hissonisverynaughtyandhasformedsomebadhabits.Ithinkheshouldcurehimofthem.2.Youneedaninstructor(instruct)toguideyouwhenyoudobreathingexercises.3.Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,absorbed(absorb)inconversation.4.Theyinvitedalltheirrelativesto_attend(attend)theirwedding.5.6.7.Marywasrejected(reject)bytheuniversitysheappliedtolastyear.Apartfromitslowprice,theadvantageofthiscarliesinitsgoodquality.Theweatherwasevencolderwiththewindblowing(blow).8.Herconclusion(conclude)thatthesituationwouldneverimprovemadethemupset.9.Andthemorebirdsareexposed(expose)tolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.10.Hesaidthatneitherhenorhisparentssaw(see)thefinalof2018FIFAWorldCuplive.［能力提升］I•阅读理解Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother；thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.)Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthrelied(依赖onhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.lntheirsingle-mindedpursuit(追求)ofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse："Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone'sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.［语篇导读］本文主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同观点。有人认为竞争有利于社会进步，有人则认为竞争让人与人之间的关系变得紧张。1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition.解析：,B［主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的第一句也是这篇文章的主题句可知对于竞争不同的人有不同的观点。故B正确。］2.Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?A.Itpushessocietyforward.B.Itbuildsupasenseofduty.C.Itimprovespersonalabilities.D.Itencouragesindividualefforts.解析：A［细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.可知，有些人赞同竞争，因为它能推动社会的发展。故A正确。］3.Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocalParagraph3means_______.A.thosewhotrytheirbesttowinB.thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyC.thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyD.thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess解析：C［词义猜测题。根据文章第三段前三句可知，themostvocal就是指那些遭受巨大竞争压力的人，他们最反对竞争，故C正确。］4.Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?A.Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.B.Competitionshouldbeencouraged.C.Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.D.Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.解析：D［推理的态度后，态度：只有当这种基本的找到竞争的真正含义。说明作者认为要把对失败的恐惧从竞争判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者在列举待竞争2种不同的对所缓解时，我们才能中去除掉。故D正确。］表明了自己的、害怕失败的态度有

n.完形填空JohnandBobbyjoinedawholesale（批发的）companytogetherjustaftergraduatingfromcollegethesameyear.Bothworkedvery__1_.Afterseveralyears,however,theboss__2__BobbytothepositionofmanagerbutJohnremaineda（n）__3_employee,Johncouldnottakeitanymore,handedinhisresignationtothebossand_4_thebossdidnotvaluehardworkingstaff,butonlypromoted（升职）thosewhoflattered（奉承）him.

ThebossknewthatJohnworkedveryhardfortheyears.He_5__foramomentandsaid,“Tha