医学英语心脏专家讲座

Whatisthecirculatorysystem?WhatdoestheCVsystemdo?InternalandexternalanatomyCardiaccycleHeartsoundsConductivesystemoftheheartBloodvesselsDiseasesoftheCVS医学英语心脏专家讲座第1页TheHeartandbloodvesselstogethermakeupthecardiovascularSystem.

CirculatebloodthroughoutentirebodyforTransportofoxygentocellsTransportofCO2awayfromcellsTransportofnutrients(glucose)tocellsMovementofimmunesystemcomponents(cells,antibodies)Transportofendocrineglandsecretions医学英语心脏专家讲座第2页TheHeart:locationinthorax医学英语心脏专家讲座第3页TheHeart:locationinthoraxObliquePositionApex=LeftofMidline(5thICS),AnteriortorestofheartBase(posteriorsurface)sitsonvertebralcolumnSuperiorRight=3rdCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumSuperiorLeft=2ndCostalCartilage,1”leftmidsternumInferiorRight=6thCostalCartilage,1”rightmidsternumInferiorLeft=5thIntercostalSpaceatMidclavicularline医学英语心脏专家讲座第4页SerousmembraneContinuouswithbloodvesselsTheHeart:musclelayersandcoveringsConnectivetissEndothilium医学英语心脏专家讲座第5页ExternalHeartAnatomyPage44医学英语心脏专家讲座第6页TheHeart:Chambers

医学英语心脏专家讲座第7页LungsBodycellsOurcirculatorysystemisadoublecirculatorysystem.Thismeansithastwopartsparts.

therightsideofthesystemdealswithdeoxygenatedblood.theleftsideofthesystemdealswithoxygenatedblood.医学英语心脏专家讲座第8页CirculationCoronarycirculation

–thecirculationofbloodwithintheheart.Pulmonarycirculation

–theflowofbloodbetweentheheartandlungs.Systemiccirculation

–theflowofbloodbetweentheheartandthecellsofthebody.医学英语心脏专家讲座第9页TheHeart:ValvesBicuspid(mitral)Tricuspid(AV)PulmonaryAortic(SL)医学英语心脏专家讲座第10页HowdoestheHeartwork?bloodfromthebodybloodfromthelungs Theheartbeatbeginswhenthe heartmusclesrelaxandblood flowsintotheatria.STEPONE医学英语心脏专家讲座第11页

Theatriathencontractand thevalvesopentoallowblood intotheventricles.HowdoestheHeartwork?STEPTWO医学英语心脏专家讲座第12页HowdoestheHeartwork?Thevalvesclosetostopbloodflowingbackwards.Theventriclescontractforcingthebloodtoleavetheheart.Atthesametime,theatriaarerelaxingandonceagainfillingwithblood.Thecyclethenrepeatsitself.STEPTHREE医学英语心脏专家讲座第13页医学英语心脏专家讲座第14页FillingofHeartChambers–

theCardiacCycleCopyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings医学英语心脏专家讲座第15页TheHeart:CardiacOutputCopyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsCardiacoutput(CO)totalventblood/minAmountofbloodpumpedbyeachsideoftheheartinoneminuteCO=(heartrate[HR])x(strokevolume[SV])StrokevolumeVolumeofbloodpumpedbyeachventricleinonecontraction医学英语心脏专家讲座第16页S1-Whatisit?closingofthebicuspidandtricuspidvalves.(closureoftheAVvalves)ThePulmonicandAorticvalvesareopeningandbloodisbeingforcedintothearteriesS2-Whatisit?ThesoundsarebecauseoftheclosingofthePulmonicandAorticvalves(closureofthesemilunarvalves)医学英语心脏专家讲座第17页医学英语心脏专家讲座第18页ConductiveSystem

Actionpotential-electricalimpulsecausingthecontractionofheartmusclecellsTheSAnode,orpacemaker,initiatestheheartbeatandcausestheatriatocontractonaverageevery0.85seconds.TheAV

nodeconveysthestimulusandinitiatescontractionoftheventricles.ThesignalfortheventriclestocontracttravelsfromtheAVnodethroughtheatrioventricularbundletothesmallerPurkinjefibers.医学英语心脏专家讲座第19页ElectrocardiogramAnelectrocardiogram(ECG)isarecordingoftheelectricalchangesthatoccurinthemyocardiumduringacardiaccycle.ThePwaveoccursjustpriortoatrialcontraction;theQRScomplexoccursjustpriortoventricularcontraction;andtheTwaveoccurswhentheventriclesarerecoveringfromcontraction.医学英语心脏专家讲座第20页TheVascularSystemCopyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummings医学英语心脏专家讲座第21页BloodVessels:AnatomyThreelayers(tunics)TunicintimaEndotheliumTunicmediaSmoothmuscleTunicexternaMostlyfibrousconnectivetissue医学英语心脏专家讲座第22页ConductiveSystem

Copyright©PearsonEducation,Inc.publishingasBenjaminCummingsFigure11.5医学英语心脏专家讲座第23页TunicaexternaOutermostlayerelastinandcollagenStrengthens,AnchorsTunicamediaMiddlelayerCircularSmoothMuscleVaso-constriction/dilationTunicaintimaInnermostlayerEndotheliumMinimizefrictionLumen医学英语心脏专家讲座第24页医学英语心脏专家讲座第25页Artery/Veindifferences（归纳：dtwlv)Arteries(aa.)Veins(vv.)DirectionofflowBloodAwayfromHeartBloodtoHeartPressureHigherLowerWallsTHICKER:TunicamediathickerthantunicaexternaTHINNER:TunicaexternathickerthantunicamediaLumenSmallerLargerValvesNovalvesValves医学英语心脏专家讲座第26页医学英语心脏专家讲座第27页医学英语心脏专家讲座第28页医学英语心脏专家讲座第29页Coronaryarterycirculation医学英语心脏专家讲座第30页PulsePulse–pressurewaveofbloodMonitoredat“pressurepoints”wherepulseiseasilypalpated医学英语心脏专家讲座第31页MeasuringArterialBloodPressure医学英语心脏专家讲座第32页CardiovascularDiseasesCardiovasculardiseasesincludethosethataffecttheheartandthosethataffecttheperipheralvascularsystem.Theheartandbloodvesselsmaybeprimarilyattackedbythesediseasesortheymaybesecondarilyaffectedasaconsequenceofanotherdisease.医学英语心脏专家讲座第33页RiskFactorsforCardiovascularDisease(sdosp)SmokingDiabetesObesityStressPhysicalInactivityHighB