医学专业英语学习专家讲座

MedicalenglishstudyBazhoupeople`shospitalorthopedicandtraumadepartmentwangyanchaoresidentdoctor医学专业英语学习专家讲座第1页Clinical-MedicalEnglish

part1:Historycollection病史采集Inquiry[ɪn'kwaɪrɪ]问诊Details['dɪtelz]普通资料Chiefcomplaints[kəm'plent]主诉HPC(historyofpresentingcomplaint)现病史PMH(pastmedicalhistory)既往史S/E(systemsinquiry)系统回顾FH(familyhistory)家族史SH(socialhistory)社会史P/E(physicalexamination)体格检验A/E(assistantexamination)辅助检验Summary摘要医学专业英语学习专家讲座第2页Details

(Biographical[baɪə'græfɪk(ə)l]

data)

Name姓名Age年纪Sex性别Marital['mærɪt(ə)l]

status婚否Nativity[nə'tɪvɪtɪ]籍贯Race民族Occupation职业Dateofadmission入院日期Informant[ɪn'fɔːmənt]病史叙述者History病史医学专业英语学习专家讲座第3页Chiefcomplaints

(presentingcomplaint[kəm'plent])主诉表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）·症状+for+时间如：[Chestpainfor2hours]胸痛2小时·症状+of+时间如：[Nauseaandvomitingofthreedays`duration]恶心呕吐3天·症状+时间+induration如：[Headache1monthinduration]头痛1月·时间+of+症状如：[Two-dayhistoryoffever]发烧2天4-hourtrafficaccidentinjurytotheleftlegpain

associatedwith

activitiesobstacles.associatedwith与…相关系；与…相联络obstaclesn.障碍；障碍物（obstacle复数形式）；妨碍injuryto损伤，伤害（某个部位）ex1：从昨晚饭后，病人一直感觉寒战。Patienthashadchillsafterdinnersincelastevening.可简写为Chillssincelastevening.ex2：主诉：胃肿胀已4个月。C.C.：“Swellingofthestomach“for4months.ex3：2,3个月来，一做工就感觉呼吸困难和眩晕。For2or3months,dyspneaanddizzinessonwork.医学专业英语学习专家讲座第4页HPC

(historyofpresentingcomplaint[kəm'plent])现病史书写重点包含：一、主诉中症状详细描述；二、疾病发展过程；三、诊疗经过；四、当前普通情况Onset起病特征，发病情况Duration：n.连续(persistentsinceonset发病起连续至今)Severe[sɪ'vɪr]严重性Relieving[rɪ'liv]/exacerbatingfactors缓解与恶化原因Associatedsymptoms['sɪmptəm]伴随症状Reskfactors危险原因{起病情况，主要症状特点，病情发展与演变，伴随症状（记载与判别诊疗相关阴性症状），诊疗经过，普通情况}医学专业英语学习专家讲座第5页HPCChiefcomplaint:

Rightbreastmassfoundformorethanhalfamonth.Presentillness:Halfamonthago,thepatientsuddenlyfeltpaininherrightchestwhensheputupherhand.Aftertouchingit,shefoundamass(n.块，团)inherrightbreast,butnotendness压痛,andthepatientdidn’tpayattentionit.Thenthepainbecamemoreandmoreserious,sothepatientwenttotumourhospitalandreceivedapathology[pə'θɒlədʒɪ]n.病理学centesis['sen:ti:sis]n.[临床]穿刺术.Herdiagnosiswasbreastcancer.Thenshecametoourhospitalandaskedforanoperation.

Sinceonset(起病特征，发病情况),herappetitewasgood,andbothherspiritedness

['spɪrɪtɪdnɪs]有精神andphysicalenergy（体力）

arenormal.Defecation大便andurination小便

arenormal,too.医学专业英语学习专家讲座第6页Trauma['trɔːmə]andshock

创伤性休克Ateenageboyfailsfromhisbicycleandisrunoverbyatruck.Onarrivalintheemergencyroom(ER),heisawakeandalertandappearsfrightenedbutinnodistress.Thechestradiographsuggestsanair-fluidlevelintheleftlowerlungfieldandthenasogastrictubeseemstocoilupwardintotheleftchest.Whichofthefollowingisthenextbeststepinthemanagement?a.Placementofaleftchesttubeb.Thoracotomy开胸手术c.Laparotomy剖腹探查手术d.Esophagogastroscopy食管镜检验e.Diagnosticperitoneallavage诊疗性腹腔灌洗医学专业英语学习专家讲座第7页专业词汇翻译teenage['tinedʒ]adj.青少年;十几岁n.青少年时期runoverv.辗过；急忙看；复查emergencyroom急诊室alert[ə'lɜːt]n.警觉.adj.警觉,警觉appearstobefrightened显有点害怕innodistress没有痛苦面容chestradiograph胸片air-fluidlevel气液平面leftlowerlungfield左下肺野nasogastrictube鼻胃管；胃管coil[kɔɪl]vt.

盘绕，把…卷成圈

;n.线圈；卷;vi.成圈状management['mænɪdʒm(ə)nt]n.管理,操纵,治疗Placement['pleɪsmənt]n.安置，放置chesttube胸管,胸腔引流管医学专业英语学习专家讲座第8页专业词汇翻译CTscanning(computedtomography[tə'mɒgrəfɪ])计算机断层扫描MRIscanning

(MagneticResonanceImaging)核磁共振成像diaphragmatic[,daiəfræɡ'mætik]膈肌intheabsenceof缺乏，排除hemorrhage['hemərɪdʒ]vt.n.vi[病理]出血significanthemorrhage显著出血traumatic[trɔː'mætɪk]adj.外伤；创伤Traumaticfracture创伤性骨折;创伤骨科;外伤性骨折;创伤骨折rupture['rʌptʃə]n.破裂；vi.破裂；vt.使破裂；断绝；发生疝acutetraumaticrupture急性创伤性破裂adjuncts

['ædʒʌŋkts]n.从属物,辅助伎俩accomplish[ə'kʌmplɪʃ]vt.完成;实现;到达;代偿Thoracotomy[,θɔːrə'kɒtəmɪ]n.[外科]胸廓切开术Laparotomy[,læpə'rɒtəmɪ]n.剖腹手术Esophagogastroscopy食管胃镜检验esophago食管gastroscopy[gæs'trɑskəpi]n.胃镜检验[复数gastroscopies]医学专业英语学习专家讲座第9页part2:RegionalAnatomy--局解医学专业英语学习专家讲座第10页Bonesoffreelowerlimp--自由下肢骨医学专业英语学习专家讲座第11页lowerextremities--自由下肢骨illium['ɪlɪəm]n.[解剖]髂骨pubis['pjubɪs]n.耻骨；前胸侧部ischium['ɪskɪəm]n.[解剖]坐骨coxae['kɔksi:]--ae['ɔ]n.髋骨;髋关节;基节(coxa复数)oscoxae[短语]髋骨;无名骨pelvicgirdle下肢带骨pelvic['pelvɪk]adj.骨盆femur['fiːmə]n.[解剖]股骨；大腿骨patella[pə'telə]n.[解剖]膝盖骨fibula['fɪbjʊlə]n.[解剖]腓骨tibia['tɪbɪə]n.胫骨phalanges

[fæ'lændʒiːz]n.趾骨；指骨（phalanx复数）metatarsals[,metə'tɑːs(ə)l]n.跖骨;adj.跖骨tarsals['tɑːs(ə)l]n.跗骨;adj.跗骨；眼睑软骨limb[lɪm]n.肢，臂；分支；枝干vt.切断…手足；从…上截下树枝anatomy[ə'nætəmɪ]n.解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼医学专业英语学习专家讲座第12页LowerLimb[lɪm]--下肢BoundariesandDivisions(境界与分区)Thelowerlimbisconnectedtothetrunkbytheextremitygirdle.Itisseparatedanteriorlyandposteriorlyfromtheabdomeandvertebralregionbyalineconnectingtheinguinal,iliaccrest,posteriorsuperioriliacspineandthetipofthecoccyx.Itconnectswithperineummedially.下肢借肢带与躯干相连。下肢以腹股沟、髂嵴、髂后上棘至尾骨尖连线与腹部、脊柱区分界，其内侧与会阴相连。trunk[trʌŋk]n.树干；躯干medially['mi:diəli]内侧extremitygirdle肢带extremity[ɪk'stremɪtɪ;]n.极端;手足girdle['gɝdl]n.腰带anteriorly[æn'tiri:əli]adv.前方地posteriorly[pɔs'tiriəli]adv.后侧地abdomen.腹部；dome[dəʊm]n.圆屋顶vertebral['vɝ,təbrəl]adj.脊椎；椎骨；inguinal['ɪŋgwɪn(ə)l]adj.腹股沟iliac['ɪlɪ'æk]髂骨;crest['krest]波峰;冠;山顶;iliaccrest髂嵴posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘spine[spaɪn]n.脊柱，脊椎；刺；书脊医学专业英语学习专家讲座第13页LowerLimbThelowerlimb[lɪm]isdividedintoregionsofgluteal['gluːtɪəl](hip),thigh[θaɪ],knee[niː],leg,ankle['æŋk(ə)l]andthefoot,whichcanbefurtherdividedintoseveralsubregions['sʌbriːdʒ(ə)n].下肢可分为臀部、股部、膝部、小腿部、踝部及足部等。各部又可分为若干区。gluteal['gluːtɪəl](hip)adj.臀肌；近臀肌thigh[θaɪ]n.大腿，股knee[niː]膝部ankle['æŋk(ə)l]踝部severalsubregions['sʌbriːdʒ(ə)n]若干区医学专业英语学习专家讲座第14页专业名词词组学习分离：distraction[dɪ'strækʃ(ə)n]

n.注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱separation[sepə'reɪʃ(ə)n]n.分离，分开；间隔，距离,diastasis[daɪ'æstəsɪs]分离(Syndesmosis[,sɪndɛs'mosɪs]n.[解剖]韧带联合diastasis胫腓下联合分离)-lysis后缀Ex:symphyseolysis耻骨联合分离

arthrodiastasis(arthro-关节)关节分离

fractureofmedialmalleoluswithdiastasisofinferiortibiofibularjoint

内踝骨折伴下胫腓联合分离

inferior[ɪn'fɪərɪə]adj.差；自卑；下级，下等；n.下级；次品tibiofibularjoint[,tibiəu'fibjulə]adj.胫腓medialmalleolus[mæ'liːələs]n.[解剖]踝医学专业英语学习专家讲座第15页专业名词词组学习PLATE-接骨板条目One-third

tubular

['tubjəlɚ]adj.管状plate1/3管状钢板A·O·titanium[taɪ'teɪnɪəm]n.[化学]钛plateAO微型钛金属板standard

conventionalplate

标准普通钢板conventional[kən'venʃ(ə)n(ə)l]adj.传统；常见

dynamic[daɪ'næmɪk]adj.动态；动力

compression[kəm'preʃ(ə)n]n.压缩，浓缩；压榨

dynamiccompressionplate动力性加压钢板proximal['prɑksɪməl]adj.最靠近，邻近

humeral['hjʊmərəl]adj.肱骨；肩；肱部lockingproximalhumeralplate肱骨近端锁定接骨板curved[kɜːvd]adj.弯曲；弄弯

reconstructive[,rikən'strʌktɪv]adj.重建；改造

curvedreconstructiveplate弧形重建接骨板anatomic

[,ænə'tɑmɪk]adj.组织；解剖学上；结构上anatomicplate解剖型接骨板医学专业英语学习专家讲座第16页专业名词词组学习invasive[ɪn'vesɪv]adj.侵略性；攻击性

percutaneous[,pɝkju'tenɪəs]adj.经皮；经由皮肤minimallyinvasivepercutaneousplate经皮微创接骨板Mippbridging['brɪdʒɪŋ]n.桥接；v.架桥(bridgeing形式)

bridgingplate桥接接骨板

limitedcontactdynamiccompressionplate有限接触动力加压接骨板IC-DCPclavicular[klæ'vɪkjʊlɚ]adj.锁骨hook[hʊk]n.挂钩，吊钩vt.钩住；引上钩vi.钩住；弯成钩状

clavicularhookplate锁骨钩接骨板tension['tenʃ(ə)n]n.张力，拉力band[bænd]n.带，环plate

tensionbandplate张力带接骨板cable['keɪb(ə)l]n.缆绳;电缆;钢缆wire[waɪə]钢丝tendsionbandwiring['waɪərɪŋ]张力带钢丝医学专业英语学习专家讲座第17页Anatomicpatternoffour-columnoftibiaplafondTheFour-column

classificationissummarizedasfollows:

(I)Anterior

columnfractures:fracturesintheanteriorpart

ofthe

intermalleoluslinerequiringfixationofanteriorfracture

fragments;(II)Posteriorcolumnfractures:fracturesinthe

posteriorpartof

intermalleoluslinerequiringfixationof

theposteriorfracturefragments;(III)Medialcolumn

fractures:fracturesinthemedialpartofdistaltibia

plafondandthemedialmalleoluswiththefractureline

extendingtotibialshaftrequiringfixationofmedial

fracturefragments;(IV)

Lateralcolumnfractures:

fracturesinthelateralpartofdistaltibiaplafondwithor

withoutfibularinjuryrequiringfixationoflateralpartof

tibiaplafond,fibula,anddistaltibiofibularsyndesmosis医学专业英语学习专家讲座第18页Anatomicpatternoffour-columnoftibiaplafondAnatomicpattern:['pæt(ə)n]模型n.模式;图案;样品.vt.模仿,以图案装饰.vi.形成图案four-column:['kɒləm]【解剖学】脊骨,脊柱.【建筑学】柱,支柱;圆柱tibiaplafond:[plə'fɔn]【解剖学】平台,穹窿部plateau['plætəʊ]平台;tibiaplateausummarizedv.总结,概括;概述(summarize过去式及过去分词形式)Anterior

columnfractures[æn'tɪərɪə]adj.前面；先前intermalleolusline

malleolus[mæ'liːələs]n.[解剖]踝inter-内anteriorfracture

fragments[æn'tɪərɪə]adj.前面;先前.fragment:['frægm(ə)nt]n.碎片；片断或不完整部分Posteriorcolumnfractures

[pɒ'stɪərɪə]adj.其次;较后n.后部;臀部Medialcolumn

fractures

['miːdɪəl]adj.【解剖学】内侧;近中;中层Lateralcolumnfractures['læt(ə)r(ə)l]adj.侧面,横向distaltibia

plafond

['dɪst(ə)l]adj.[解剖]末梢,末端medial

malleolus内踝distaltibiofibular

syndesmosis下胫腓联合syndesmosis:[,sɪndɛs'mosɪs]n.[解剖]韧带联合tibiofibular['tibiəu'fibjulə]adj.胫腓医学专业英语学习专家讲座第19页Surgicalapproachesonthebasisoffour-column

classificationTibialisanterior[ə]胫骨肌.胫骨.胫前肌deepperonealN

腓深神经peroneal[,perə'niːəl]adj.腓骨；腓侧Extensorhallucis拇趾longus长[ɪk'stensə]n.伸肌；----拇长伸肌SuperficialperonealN腓浅神经[,suːpə'fɪʃ(ə)l]浅表性AnteriortibialV胫前动静脉Tendonoftheextensor伸肌腱extensor[ɪk'stensə]n.伸肌Tendon['tendən]n.[解剖]腱Digitorum[i]longus趾长伸肌Tendonofperoneuslongus腓骨长肌腱Greatsaphenous[sə'finəs]veinsadj.隐；隐静脉。n.隐静脉---大隐静脉Tendonofthetibialisposterior---胫后肌腱Flexor['fleksə]digitorumlongusn.[解剖]屈肌--趾长屈肌PosteriortibialV--胫后动静脉Achilles'stendon[k][i]--跟腱医学专业英语学习专家讲座第20页踝关节CT平扫及矢状位、冠状位重建，各柱骨折在CT片上表现分别为：腓骨骨折为外侧柱骨折；前外侧Tillaux-Chaput骨块、后唇Volkmann三角骨块及位于中央压缩骨块(die-punch)为中柱骨折(仅有前外侧骨折为中前柱骨折，仅有后唇骨折为中后柱骨折)；内踝骨折块与胫骨近端显著失去连续性为内柱骨折Three-columnclassificationofPilonfractureTillaux-Chaput

fragment:(替劳克斯-卡布特)(Tillaux骨折：即下胫腓前韧带在胫骨起点处发生撕脱骨折。Tillaux-Chaput骨折：一样损伤机制造成胫骨后外侧撕脱骨折。此名来自于两位法国外科医生HenriVictorChaput（1857-1919）和PaulJulesTillaux（1834-1904）)Volkmann三角骨块：（福克曼）Hueter-Volkmann定律即骨骺压力法则：骨骺所受压力增加，骨生长就会受到抑制；骨骺所受压力减小，骨生长就会加速。过分施压可抑制骺板生长，跨骺板牵张力可加速其生长。die-punchfragment:冲床样骨折块(中央压缩骨块)医学专业英语学习专家讲座第21页PilonfractureSincePilonfracturesareintra-articularfractures,open

reductionandinternalfixationwithbonegraftcanhelpto

achieveanatomicalreductionandreduceincidenceof

traumaticarthritis.Stagedprocedureofexternal

fixation,calcanealtractionandsecondstageopen

reductionandinternalfixationareconsideredtobea

reasonabletherapy.Otheralternativesarealsoeffective.

Anexternalfixator

combinedwithlimitedinvasive

internalfixationissuitableforfractureswithlarge

fragments.Thismethodcanalsoprotectlocalsofttissues

frombeinginjuredfurther.Butinfractureswith

comminutedarticularsurface,thismethodmaybeless

effective.intra-articularfractures[ɑr'tɪkjəlɚ]adj.[解剖]关节----关节内骨折open

reductionandinternalfixation[rɪ'dʌkʃ(ə)n]复位ORIF

----切开复位内固定bonegraft[grɑːft]

----植骨anatomicalreduction

-----解剖复位

traumaticarthritis

[trɔː'mætɪk]adj.创伤;arthritis[ɑː'θraɪtɪs]关节炎-----创伤性关节炎calcanealtraction

[kæl'keɪnɪə]n.跟骨------traction['trækʃ(ə)n]n.牵引-----跟骨牵引alternativesn.可供选择事物

externalfixator

[ɪk'stɜːn(ə)l;ek-]外固定fixator['fikseitə]固定器----外固定装置combinedwith-------联合limitedinvasive

internalfixation--有限接触内固定large

fragments----大骨折块

comminutedarticularsurface

comminuted['kɑmə,njʊt]

adj.粉碎

---粉碎关节面医学专业英语学习专家讲座第22页orthopaedics:['ɔrθə'pidɪks]n.[医]整形外科,整形术;orthopedics:n.矫形术Multifragmentary------多块骨折块Multi-['mʌltɪ]多-lagscrews

-------拉力螺钉

lag[læg]拉screws[skru:]螺钉externalfixation--------外固定practical----有用；实用feasible['fiːzɪb(ə)l]adj.可行wound

healing

deficit['defɪsɪt]--------------切口愈合障碍severesofttissuedamage------严重软组织损伤MultifragmentaryTibialPilonFractures:MidtermResultsAfter

OsteosynthesiswithExternalFixationandMultipleLagScrewsWetherefore

proposecombinedtreatmentusinglagscrewswithexternalfixationasapracticaltreatmentoptionforthose

fracturesforwhichlagscrewscombinedwithalockingplatearenotfeasibleorwhenthereisahighriskofwound

healing

deficitduetoseveresofttissuedamage.

TheOpenOrthopaedicsJournal,,6,419-423医学专业英语学习专家讲座第23页Managementandoutcomeofpelvicfracturesinelderlypatients:

aretrospectivestudyof40cases（回顾性研究）Keywords:pelvicfractures;elderlypatients;management;outcomeBackgroundPelvicfracturesareuncommoninelderlypatientsandsoareinfrequently[in'fri:kwəntli](稀少)addressed检索，处理，定位

[ə'dresd]intheliterature.The

purposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatethemanagementandoutcomeofpelvicfracturesinelderlypatients.MethodsWeretrospectivelyreviewedtherecordsofpelvicfracturesinelderlypatients(age≥55years)whoweretreated(v.治疗（treat过去分词）；对待；招待adj.治疗；已处理过)inourdepartmentfromSeptember1997toMay.医学专业英语学习专家讲座第24页ResultsAtotalof40elderlypatientswithpelvicfractureswereidentified.Theirmeanagewas65.8years(range55–87years).About68%(n=27)weremen.TheaverageInjury

SeverityScore-创伤严重度评分(ISS)was17.8(range6–45).Twelve(30%)patientsrequiredbloodtransfusion

输血(mean10units)duringthefirst24hours.Thefracturesweremostfrequently经常，常见

dueto

fallingfromastandingposition站姿势

(48%).Almosthalf(48%)weregradeIbreaks.Associatedinjurieswerepresentin70%(n=28)ofpatients,and65%(n=26)hadmedicalco-morbidities医疗共病.Altogether,29patients(73%)underwent

non-surgical

managementoftheirpelvicfracture.Theaveragehospitalstaywas25days（平均住院日）.Therewerefivein-hospitaldeathsandone

death10monthsafterdischarge获准出院.HighISSs(>25)were

associatedwithincreasedin-hospitalmortality[mɔː'tælɪtɪ]死亡数，死亡率

(P=0.018).

Atthe

finalassessment(meanfollow-up15months),52%ofthesurvivingpatients

存活组had

experienced

decreased降低

self-sufficiency自给自足；自负.医学专业英语学习专家讲座第25页ConclusionsPelvicfracturesinelderlypatientsresultinhighmorbidity[mɔː'bɪdətɪ]andmortality（发病率和死亡率）rates.AhighISS(>25)canbeused

toidentifyapatientathighrisk.Werecommend(vi.推荐；提议)

aggressive[ə'gresɪv]resuscitation[rɪ,sʌsɪ'teɪʃən]

n.复苏(主动液体复苏)andintensivecare

重症护理forthatpatient.Forpatients

withanunstablepelvicordisplacedacetabularfracture-移位型髋臼骨折(≥2mm)whocanendure（vt.耐受）surgery,openreductionandinternal

fixationcanprovideadequate-（适当，坚强）fixationforearlyweight-bearing（负重）andrestoration[restə'reɪʃ(ə)n]

n.恢复ofthebonestock.

ChinMedJ;127(15):2802-2807医学专业英语学习专家讲座第26页part3:OralEnglishClinicalcommonlyusedwordsPhysicalexamination体格检验Vitalsigns

生命体征:Temperature

体温pulse

脉搏/min次/分respiration

呼吸/min次/分B.P

血压mmHgGeneralAppearance

普通情况医学专业英语学习专家讲座第27页问诊惯用语·Hello.may(can)Ihelpyou?[您好，我能够帮您吗？]·Whatseemstobebother