北京市通州区2023年届高三一模考试英语试卷

北京市通州区2023届高三一模考试英语试卷

Ihavebeentomanyplacesasanewsreporter.InIndia,Ivisitedacitywherethereweremany1.(home)children.Somewereasyoungasfouryearsold.Theylivedinthestreets2.survivedbybeggingorstealing.Butthenawonderfullady3.(call)Rosaopenedahomeforthem.Withinoneyear,shewaslookingaftertwohundredchildren.Sheclothedthem,fedthemandtaughtthem.Shegavethemhope.

Onlineshopping1.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fortheconsumers,itcansavesometimeforthepeople2.don’thavemuchsparetime.Justclickingthemouse,theycangetwhattheywant3.stayingathome.Forthesellers,itcancutsomecostsforthosewithoutenoughcirculatingfunds.Comparedwiththetraditionaltrademode,theydon’thavetospendmoneyin4.(rent)ahouse.

Peterworked1.anightwatchmaninasmallfactory.Onemorninghisbosscameinwithasuitcase.HesaidtoPeter,I’mgoingtoNewYorktomorrow.Seeyou.Petersaid,“Oh,youmustn’tgo.Thefactoryowneraskedhimwhy.Peteransweredthathe2.(have)anightmarethenightbefore.Inthedream,hehadseenthenextday’splanetoNewYorkcrashovertheAtlanticOcean.Peter’sboss3.(immediate)cancelledhisticketandstayedintheoffice.Theplanecrashed;thebossthankedPeterandgavehimabigpresent.Thenhefiredhim.

二、完形填空

“Sara,don’tforgetyourpromisetomethatyouwillmow(割草)Mrs.Martin’syardthisweekend,”saidDad.“Don’tletmedown.”

Sarawastheoldestchildinthefamily,andoneofherchoreswastomowtheiryard.Mrs.Martin,their______neighbor,wasunabletotakecareofheryardinher70s,soSara’sdadhad______Saraforthisjob.______Mrs.Martin’syardwasnotbig,Saraknewthejobwouldgoquickly.However,shestilldislikedherdad’s______.

“Whydidn’tyouaskmefirst?”Sarahad______.

“Didyouaskmefirstwhenyouvolunteeredmetobeintheschoolfestivallastfall?”askedSara’sfather.

“Well,no,Ididn’taskyoufirst,______youwouldhavedonethosethingsanyway.You’realways______tohelp.”

“I______whenIcan.”Dadanswered.“Sara,wehaveknownMrs.Martinforaverylongtime.Shehasoften______ourfamily.Nowwecandosomethingforher.______,thefeelingyougetfromhelpingsomeonemakesyou______whoisreallyhelpingwhom.”

“Idon’tknow,Dad,”saidSara.“TheonlyfeelingIgetfrommowingouryardis______.”

“Justyouwaitandsee,”saidDad

Afterbreakfast,SaramadeherwaytoMrs.Martin’syard.ShewasgoodatherjobandsoonhadMrs.Martinsyardlooking______.Mrs.Martincameoutsidewithabigglassoforangejuiceand______ittoher.Sarastoppedherworkand______enjoyedthedrink,whileMrs.Martintalkedtoheraboutalloftheflowersinheryard.Seeingthe______inMrs.Martin’seyes,Sarabegantounderstandhowmuchtheyard______toMrs.Martin.

Afterfinishingherdrink,Sarareturnedtoworkwithanew______.Awarmfeelingbeganto______throughherbody.Herdadwas______.Itwashardtotellwhowashelpingwhom!

1.A.strangeB.newC.agedD.faithful

2.A.guidedB.volunteeredC.orderedD.forced

3.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although

4.A.promiseB.argumentC.permissionD.introduction

5.A.repliedB.suggestedC.complainedD.announced

6.A.butB.soC.orD.for

7.A.proudB.willingC.afraidD.fortunate

8.A.chooseB.succeedC.hesitateD.try

9.A.respectedB.changedC.protectedD.helped

10.A.BesidesB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

11.A.imagineB.exploreC.worryD.wonder

12.A.scaredB.movedC.tiredD.relaxed

13.A.tidyB.aliveC.emptyD.messy

14.A.threwB.deliveredC.offeredD.sold

15.A.eagerlyB.generouslyC.carefullyD.gratefully

16.A.determinationB.peaceC.curiosityD.joy

17.A.relatedB.meantC.belongedD.referred

18.A.attitudeB.wisdomC.inspirationD.expectation

19.A.existB.flyC.spreadD.break

20.A.unusualB.rightC.seriousD.helpful

三、阅读理解

Iwasintheseventhgrade,andwehadmovedtoNewJerseyinNovember.Bythen,everyonealreadyhadhadtheirownfriends,andnoonewantedtotalktoanewgirl.Tomakethingsworse,theyputmein“SectionL”.IfoundoutlaterthateveryonecalledSectionL“Loserville”.Itwassortofanopensecretthatitwasthesectionfortroublemakersandnot-so-smartkids.WhenIfoundout,Iwantedtoscream.Ihadalwaysbeenagoodstudentandhadamazingfriends,andnoweveryonethoughtIwasaloser!

IdidtextmyfriendsinIllinoisalmosteverynight,especiallymybestfriend,Ana.Atfirstmyfriendswantedtohearallaboutit.ButthensomestoppedtextingbackonceIsaidsomethingabouthowmiserableIwas.OnenightwhenIwastextingwithAna,Icomplainedaboutanotherfriendwhohadjustdonethat.

Ana’stextscamereallyfastforthenextfewminutesandtheysurprisedme.ShesaidthatshewastiredofhearingabouthowbadeverythingwasinNewJersey,too.ShesaidshedidnotwanttohurtmyfeelingsbutthatIneededtostopfeelingsosorryformyselfallthetime,Ihadtotrytomakethingsbetter.

Thenextday,IthoughtalotaboutwhatAnahadsaid.Shewasright!

IwishIcouldsaythateverythingchangedovernightafterthat,butitdidn’t.Iwasstillstuckin“Loserville”,andsomepeoplewerestillmeantome,eventhoughItriedtojuststayoutoftheirway.

Butwhatdidchangewasme—Istoppedfeelingsosorryformyselfanddidsomethingaboutmakingfriends.Isigneduptomakesetsfortheschoolplay.Imetalotofnewpeoplethere,andsuddenlyIhadfriendstosayhitointhehalls!

IstillmissIllinoissometimes,butlifeinNewJerseyisn’tsohardanymore.EventhoughIcouldn’tchangemysituation,Icouldchangemyattitude—andthatmadeallthedifference.

1.“Loserville”isasectionfor________.

A.failuresB.goodstudents

C.classsecretsD.newcomers

2.Thewritercomplainedallthetimeinthenewenvironmentbecause________.

A.Anadidn’ttextbacktoherB.herfriendshurtherfeelings

C.shewasunfairlytreatedD.shewasagoodstudent

3.Whatmadeadifferenceinchangingthesituation?

A.ShewentbacktoIllinois.

B.SheendedfriendshipwithAna.

C.Shefoughtbackwithherclassmates.

D.Shebegantomakefriendswithothers.

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe________.

A.LastingFriendshipB.AnIncidenceatSchool

C.SayGoodbyeto“Loserville”D.Unhappinessin“Loserville”

Thesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCOareweresponsiblefor?

AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfoot-printing)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.

Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations,it’sclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(酿制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.

Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.

So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdontuseyourcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!

So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.

1.Whichofthefollowingsproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?

A.Apintoflocalbeer.

B.Abottleofimportedbeer.

C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.

D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.

2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis________.

A.moretastyB.easiertobuy

C.betterpackagedD.moreenergy-saving

3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto________.

A.promoteanewbook

B.advertisetheimportedbeer

C.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprint

D.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2

Mostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmorethanadults?Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.

Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisk-taking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecondtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).

Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.

Whatthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparents-agedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparent-agedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.

So,whatdoesallofthismean?Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.

1.Thisexperimentwascarriedoutby

A.dividingtheteensintothreegroups

B.comparingthereactionstodifferentrisks

C.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipants

D.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager

2.Whenfacingknownrisks,teenagerstendedtobe________.

A.ambitsB.cautious

C.anxiousD.curious

3.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?

A.Teenagers.B.Collegestudents.

C.Parent-agedadults.D.Grandparent-agedadults.

4.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson________.

A.guaranteeingchildrentobecareful

B.settingagelimitsondangerousactivities

C.respectingteenstomaketheirownchoices

D.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisks

Sharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.

Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence(AI),computingpower,anddrone(无人机)technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called“WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers”—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.

SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas“deeplearning”,theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.

Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod(漂移仓)togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent(驱除装置)thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.

InJanuary20xx,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.

WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.

1.ASharkSpotteris________.

A.asolutiontomonitorsharks

B.anequipmenttoidentifylifesavers

C.atechnologytopreventsharkattacks

D.aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones

2.Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill________.

A.taketimelyactionB.analyzethevisualdata

C.classifytheidentifiedobjectsD.turnon“deeplearning”mode

3.Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemis

A.efficientinsavinglivesB.effectiveindetectingsharks

C.smartindrivingsharksawayD.practicaloverthewholeseaarea

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?

A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.

C.Negative.D.Objective.

四、七选五

Nowadays,WeChatisaboutexpressingouropinionsandWeiboisaboutcollectingthingswelike.Bothofthemdevelopourself-focus.Self-focussimplymeansyoupayattentiontohowyoufeel,thinkandbehave.Self-focusisn’tnaturallyabadthing.Particularlyinindividualistic(个人主义的)cultures,wevalueourabilitytobeself-aware.1.

Unfortunately,whenyouareregularlyfocusingonyourself,you’llnoticeanydissatisfaction,anxiety,orgeneraldiscomfortyoumightnothaveotherwise.2.Asaresult,self-focuscontributestoawiderangeofmentalhealthproblemslikeanxiety.

Butquittingtechnologyisnolongerapracticalsolution.3.Forexample,don’tpostaboutthingsyoudid,whichfocusesyourattentiononyourself.Instead,youcouldshareadviceandwordsofsupportfromyoursmartphone.Asaresult,you’llfeelbetter,andsowillthepeoplearoundyou.

Doyouliketotakeselfies(自拍)?It’seasytotakeaquickpictureofyourselftoshowwhatyouredoing,orhowyourefeeling.Butpayingattentiontoourselvesoftenmakesusfeelworse.4.Doyourbesttohighlight(突出)thewonderfulthingsthatmakethemspecial.Inthisway,youwon’tfocussomuchonyourbadhairday,andyouwillgetalongbetterwithyourfriends.

5.Butifwecanlearntomovethefocusoffourselvesandontodoinggoodforothers,technologycanhelpusgrow.Anyway,thepointisthatit’suptoyoutohandletheabilityofyourself-focus.

A.Toomuchself-focusmeansfewfriends.

B.Self-focusisgenerallyhelpfulindailylife.