白细胞和免疫系统

白细胞和免疫系统第1页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Bloodhem/oandhemat/oplasma-55%formedelements-45%serum-plasmawithoutclottingproteins第2页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月BloodCellsRBC-erythrocytes-erythropoiesisWBC-leukocytes-leukopoiesisPlatelets-thrombocytes-thrombopoiesis第3页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Erythrocyteserythr/o-redcyte-cellHemoglobin-bloodproteintransportsoxygenReticulocyte-immatureerythrocyteRBCsproducedbyredbonemarrow第4页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Leukocytesleuk/o-whiteProtectthebodyagainstinvasionPassthroughcapillarywalls第5页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Granulocytesneutrophils(phagocytosis)eosinophils(allergies)basophils(promoteinflammation)Agranulocyteslymphocytes(productionofcirculatingantibodies)monocytes(macrophages)Collectionofdeadandlivingbacteriaandleukocytescalledpus,abscess.第6页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月ThrombocytessmallestformedelementmadeinbonemarrowessentialtobloodcoagulationIfinjury,bloodcomesincontactwithanytissueotherthantheliningofthevessels,plateletssticktogether,formplug,sealswound.Chemicalsreleased,seriesofreactions,formationofclot.第7页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Plasmaplasma92%water8%plasmaproteinsalbuminglobulinfibrinogenserum-plasmawithoutclottingproteinsorfibrinogen第8页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月FunctionsoftheImmuneSystem

Toprotecttheentirebodyfromavarietyofharmfulsubstancespathogenicmicroorganismsallergenstoxinsmalignantcells第9页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月StructuresoftheImmuneSystemUnlikeotherbodysystems,ImmuneSystemisNOTcontainedwithinasinglesetoforgansorvesselsActiondependsonstructuresfromlymphatic,cardiovascular,andIntegumentarysystemsWorksprimarilythroughantigen-antibodyreaction第10页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月LymphaticSystemMajorstructureslymphvesselslymphnodeslymphfluidtonsilsAlsospleenthymus

第11页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月FunctionsoftheLymphSystemlymph/odrainfluidfromtissuespacesandreturntoittothebloodtransportmaterials(nutrients,hormonesandoxygen)tobodycellscarryawaywasteproductstothebloodtransportlipidsawayfromdigestivesystemcontrolofinfection第12页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月LymphSystemLymphoriginatesinbloodplasmaInterstitialfluidcleansandnourishesbodytissuescollectscellulardebris,bacteriareturntobloodorlymphcapillaries第13页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月LymphNodeslocatedinlymphvesselssmallroundorovalstructures(filters)depositoriesforcellulardebrisbacteriaanddebrisphagocytized第14页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月LymphNodesinsidearemassesoftissuewhichcontainWBCs(lymphocytes)almostalwaysgrouped2or3to100invadingcellsdestroyedinnodesandoftenswellasanindicatorofthediseaseprocess第15页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Spleensac-likemassof

lymphatictissuefilterforlymphphagocyticcellshemolytic第16页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Thymuslymphatictissuemediastinumprimaryrole:changeslymphocytestoTcellsforcellularimmunity第17页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Tonsilsmassesoflymphtissuedesignedtofiltertissuefluid,notlymphlocatedbeneathcertainareasofmoistepitheliumexposedtooutsideandhencetocontaminationanyorallmaybecomesoloadedwithbacteriathatthepathogensgaindominanceshouldnotberemovedunlessabsolutelynecessary.第18页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Antigen-AntibodyReactionsAntigen-anysubstancethatthebodyregardsasforeign(virus,bacterium,toxin)Antibody-adiseasefightingproteindevelopedbythebodyinresponsetothepresenceofanantigenAntigen-antibodyreactionorimmunereaction第19页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月WBCsforImmuneReactionsmonocytes-typeoflymphocytesformedinbonemarrow/transportedwhereneededbybodybecomemacrophagesmacrophage-phagocyticcellthatprotectsbodybyingestinginvadingcellslymphocytes-majorclassofWBCsformedinlymphatictissue第20页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月LymphocytesTcellsorTLymphocytesmatureinthymusglandCellmediatedimmunityBcellsorBLymphocytesmatureinbonemarrowantibody-mediated

immunity第21页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月TCellorTLymphocyte

(CellMediatedImmunity)TCell(cellmediatedimmunity)circulatinglymphocytesproducedinbonemarrowmaturesinthymusliveforyearsprimaryfunction:coordinateimmunedefensesandkillorganisms第22页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月Lymphocyte:TCellshelperTcells-essentialtoproperfunctioningofimmunesystemMemorycells-rememberantigensandstimulateafasterresponseifsameantigenintroducedatalatertime第23页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月BloodGroupsFourbloodgroupsbasedonpresenceorabsenceofbloodantigens(agglutinogens)onsurfaceofRBCsA-AantigenB-BantigenAB-bothABantigensO-noABantigens第24页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月PlasmadoesnotcontaintheantibodyagainstownantigenAntigens

onthedonor’sRBCsreactwiththeantibodiesinpatientsplasmaandcauseatransfustionreaction.第25页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月RhFactorRhfactorisantigenpresentonRBCof85%ofpop.ofUS.RhpositiveandRhnegativeRhnegpregnantwomanmaydevelopantibodiestotheRhproteinofherRh-positivefetus.hemolyticdiseaseofthenewbornpreventedwithRhoGAM第26页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月ImmunityImmunity-stateofbeingresistantornotsusceptibletoaspecificdiseaseAcquiredimmunity-anyformofimmunityNOTpresentatbirthandobtainedduringlife第27页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月FactorsThatInfluenceImmuneSystemHealthAgeHeredity第28页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月AnemiasOxygen-carryingcapacityofbloodisreducedsymptomofdiseaseerythropeniahypochromasiahematocrit第29页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome(AIDS)CausedbyHIV(HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus)HIVinfectsT-helpercellswithoftenalongincubationofupto10yearsAIDSnameappliedduringadvancedstagesofdiseaseAfterimmunesystemdestroyed,opportunisticinfectionsoccur.第30页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月AutoimmuneDisordersAntigensstimulatedevelopmentofantibodiesthatareunabletodistinguishantigensofinternalcells.BodymakesantibodiesandTcellsagainstitselfandattacksowntissues.Multisystemicinvolvement.Myastheniagravis,rheumatoidarthritis第31页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月EdemaHypoproteinemialowersosmoticpressurewithinbloodlargeamountsofplasmapassoutofbloodpoorlymphdrainageincreasedcapillarypermeabilitycongestiveheartfailurelocalizededema,ascites第32页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月HemophiliaHereditarybloodclottingdisordersex-linked,usuallyinmenlackfactorVIII,essentialforbloodclottinghematomashemarthrosis第33页，课件共38页，创作于2023年2月InfectiousMononucleosisAcuteinfectioncausedbyvirus.Fever,sorethroat,swollenlymphglands,atypicallymphocytes,splenomegaly,hepatomegaly,abnormalliverfunction,andbruising.transmittedbydropletinfectionInfectionconferspermanentimmunityTreatmentsymptomatic第34页，课件共38页，创作于