wms与库存管理的比较

1会计学WMS与库存管理的比较Inventory

Management

(IM)Key

features/strengthsInventory

management

by

quantityVisibility

of

on-hand

quantity

by

storage

locationManagement

of

special

stocksEntry

and

documentation

of

all

material

movementsReal-time

updates

of

inventoryDocumentation

of

all

receipts,

issues

and

transfersPhysical

inventoryCarry

out

physical

inventory

at

the

material

levelPerform

inventory

adjustmentsR/3

Inventory

Management(IM)

(cont.)Key

features/strengths

(cont.):Inventory

management

by

valuePostings

update

account

assignments

for

caccountingUpdates

G/L

account

for

financialaccountingKey

integration

pointsIntegrates

directly

with

MRP,

purchasinginvoiceverificationProvides

information

for

MRP,

updates

PO;SAP

Organizational

StructureCompanySLocCompanyCompanyClientSLocSLocPlantOrganizational

Structurethe

IM

LevelChallenges

with

InventoryManagementLack

of

detailed

visibility

to

material

flow

e.g.

When

the

delivery

pick

list

is

generated,

thdelivery’s

“actual

pick

quantity”

is

updated

pactual

pickingRequires

manual

updates

when

quantities

differ

Inability

to

assign

incoming

materials

tooutbound

demand

to

avoid

multiple

materialhandlingcontinued...Challenges

with

InventoryManagement

(cont.)

Immediate

update

of

inventory

receipts

andissues

System

inventory

and

status

NOT

representative

ofthephysical

processLimited

visibility

to

locations

of

material

Only

possible

to

assign

a

single

fixed

bin

locatioperstorage

locationBin

location

is

“text”

only;

no

strategies

are

aSolution:

R/3

WarehouseManagement

Initially

released

with

R/2

as

anExtension

of

IM

IM-WM

integration

is

real-time

andautomaticEnables

granular

traceability

and

c

Ability

to

synchronize

the

system

andmaterial

flow

Simple-to-complex

placement

and

removastrategiesAssignment

of

inbound

orders

to

outbouSolution:

R/3

WarehouseManagement

(cont.)Infancy

to

maturity

Functionality

considerably

expanded

with

4.6x

anhigherTwo-step

picking,

two-step

confirmation,

managingmultiplestorage

locations

with

a

single

warehouse

Extension

set

2.0

for

Enterprise

to

include

CrossDocking,Yard

Management,

Value

Added

ServicesWM

Picks

Up

Where

IMLeaves

OffTypical

assignment

is

one

storage

locatito

one

warehouseIt

is

possible

to

have

multiple

storagelocations

managed

by

a

single

warehouseQuant

Quant

Quant

QuantBin

1 Bin

2Stor.

Type2Warehouse1Stor.

Location1Stor.

Type

Stor.

Type3

1Warehouse

2Plant

1Stor.

Location

Location2

1Plant

2CompanyIM

LevelWM

LevelStor.

Type1Key

WM

FeaturesManagement

of

materialsProvides

bin-level

trackingInventory

management

functionsVarious

placement

and

removal

strategiesValue-added

services

e.g.

Special

handling

requirements

(labeling,packaging)Powerful

picking

controlTwo-step

picking,

wave

pickingFIFO,

LIFO,

large/small

quantity

picking

strategKey

WM

Features

(cont.)Warehouse

activity

monitorsWAM,

RF

Monitor,

outbound

delivery

monitor,

wave

picking monitor,

TRM

Monitor,

Yard

Management

Cockpit,

Cross- Docking

MonitorCross-dockingManagement

of

inbound

and

outbound

movementsYard

ManagementAppointment

scheduling,

check

in

and

check

out, assignment

of

dock

doors,

loading/unloading

activitiesTask

Resource

ManagementEnhances

WM

by

breaking

work

down

into

distinct

taskFully

Integrated

with

theother

SAP

ApplicationsFeatures:Flexible

Warehouse StructuresGoods

MovementsControlInventoryWM

Integration

With

OtherKey

R/3

Modules

(cont.)Source:

SAP

WM

[LO530]WM

Integration

With

OtherKey

R/3

Modules

(cont.)IM-WMProcessing

of

all

material

movements

Automated

communication

withconfigurable

processingSD-WM

Two-step

picking

with

SD-WMintegrationWave

picking

opportunitiesProcessing

individual

deliveriesWM

Integration

With

OtherKey

R/3

Modules

(cont.)QM-WMHandling

of

inventory

samplesInspection

lot

is

maintained

with

the

material

daHand-held

terminals-WMProcessing

of

transfer

requirementsProcessing

of

transfer

ordersBin

and

material

inquiriesBenefits

of

WMBenefitsBetter

control

of

inventoryMore

accurate

inventoryAble

to

maintain

lower

inventory

levelsBetter

control

of

informationVisibility

to

picking

and

put

away

statusReduced

cycle

timeGartner:

16-25%

Picking

Productivity

Improvement

Better

manage

work

and

workforce

to

gainefficienciesTools

to

balance

and

optimize

resourcesIncreased

picking

/

shipping

accuracy11-25%

Reduction

in

Customer

ReturnsBenefits

of

WM

(cont.)Measurable

benefits16-25%

Picking

Productivity

Improvement11-25%

Reduction

in

Customer

Returns10-25%

Savings

in

Material

Handling

Labor10-40%

Space

Utilization

Improvement13-30%

Reduction

in

Scrap8-15%

Reduction

in

Carrying

Costs·Source:

Gartner

ReportWhat

We’ll

Cover

…

Understanding

the

difference

betweWM

and

IMChoosing

between

WM

and

IM

Optimizing

and

overcominglimitations

with

IM

and

WMWhen

Is

InventoryManagement

the

Answer?IM

is

great

when...Small

facilityLower

levels

of

inventory

on

handSimplistic

material

handling

processesLower

volume

of

activityOutsourced

warehouse

operationsOnly

need

storage

location

or

bucket

ofinventory

visibilityKey

Elements

With

IMRequired

data

for

IMPlant,

valuation

and

storage

location

dRelevant

data

for

IM

Work

scheduling,

accounting,

materialsplanning,

purchasing,

classification,and

quality

managementIM

menuGoods

movementsMaterial

documentsWhen

is

WarehouseManagement

the

Answer?WM

is

great

whenLarger

facilitiesLarge

number

of

materials

on

handHigher

volume

or

flow

throughTraceability

and

visibility

is

criticalTrack

material

flow,

status,

inventory

levelsComplex

processesAutomated

systems,

wide

spread

siteKey

Elements

With

WMExtend

material

masterWarehouse

management

viewNo

required

dataDefine

warehouse

structureMinimize

the

number

of

storage

typesDefine

based

on

similar

and

different

rulefor

storing

materialsMixed

stock,

Storage

or

Handling

Unit

ManagementDefine

the

WM

ProcessesAutomatic,

semi-automatic

and

manualEvaluating

IM

vs.

WM1

–

Define

business

processes2

–

Evaluate

ROI

of

a

WMS

solution3

–

Consider

RF

functionality4

–

Training

resources

and

schedule5

–

Focus

on

optimization

opportunitiesStep

1

-

Define

BusinessProcesses

Start

with

receiving,

inventory

and

pick/shfirstCreate

and

evaluate

process

flow

chartsLook

at

process

improvement

opportunitiesScore

the

level

of

complexityTarget

areas

for

improvementReduce

travel

timeInventory

accuracyReduce

material

handlingMap

improvements

to

IM

and

WM

functionality1

-

Define

BusinessProcesses

(cont.)

“The

level

of

functionality

that

customersin

a

WMS

is

completely

dependent

upon

theirenvironment.

Customers

have

to

define

theirneeds

before

they

can

realistically

look

forWMS.”·Source:

Integrated

SolutionsStep

2

-

Evaluate

ROI

of

aWMS

Solution

Measure

productivity

and

accuracybefore

and

after

the

WMS

installatioReview

and

analyze

picking

operatioKey

area

of

improvementReview

and

analyze

inventory

accura

When

supported

with

RF,

accuracy

canreach

>98%2

-

Evaluate

ROI

of

a

WMSSolution

(cont.)

“There

is

no

‘right’

time

for

paying

backbut

typical

paybacks

are

within

six

to

18

mondepending

on

the

inefficiencies

of

the

curreoperation

and

how

much

safety

stock

wasneeded

to

cover

daily

operations.”·Source:

Total

Supply

ChainStep

3

-

Consider

RFFunctionality

RF

supports

improves

warehouse

binaccuracyBin

accuracy

>98%

is

possibleReduces

order

fill

process

cycle

tiRF

projects

often

have

a

1

year

or

le·Source:

IntermeComparpeaycburarcekntperercieoidpt

process

to

the

timesaved

when

the

task

is

aided

by

automatic

datacollection

(ADC)3

-

Consider

RFFunctionality:

ExampleAs-is1,000

pallets

at

five

minutes

/

pallet

=

5,000

minWith

two

minutes

saved

per

pallet2

minutes

*

1,000

pallets

=

2,000

minutes2,000

/

480

minutes

worked

by

each

receiver

per

da=4.16

receivers

saved

from

the

pallet

receiving

procStep

4

-

Training

Resourceand

Schedule

Resources

to

evaluate,

guide

and

support

a

WsolutionA

full-time,

dedicated

WM

resource

is

criticalThis

may

or

may

not

be

the

same

IM

resourceTraining

schedule

A

WM

solution

will

require

a

certain

level

of

IMtraining

WM

training

will

vary

based

on

the

degree

offunctionalitySupport

resources5

-

OptimizationOpportunitiesPicking

operations

and

inventory

accuracyWhat

are

your

baseline

requirementsWhat

is

the

volume

of

activityEvaluate

picking

paths

and

demand

Look

at

your

accuracy

numbers

over

a

period

oftimePerhaps

monthly,

quarterly,

annuallyMaterial

handling

labor

costsSpace

utilization

improvementsPacking

tasksCan

you

benefit

from

packing

while

pickingWhat

is

the

BEST

StockManagement

Solution?1

-

Inventory

Management2

-

Lean

Warehouse

Management3

-

Full

Warehouse

Management

4

-

Decentralized

WarehouseManagementOption

#1

-

InventoryManagementPro’sSimplisticKey

receipt,

issue

or

transfer

in

a

single

step

transaImmediate

update

of

inventoryRequires

less

training

commitmentFewer

transactions

to

document

and

presentTrace-ability

of

all

material

postings

into

SAP

RDate,

user,

material,

quantity,

storage

locationReal-time

update

of

accounting

information1

-

Inventory

Management(cont.)Con’s

Does

not

handle

complex

warehouses

operationswellUnable

to

monitor

activitiesLacks

tools

to

manage

resources

and

tasksLacks

functionality

to

optimize

key

processes

(pickiInaccurate

system

inventoryInventory

updated

before

the

physical

movementRequires

additional

work

if

there

are

discrepanciesLimited

trace-abilityOnly

visibility

is

when

the

system

posting

took

placeOption

#2

-

“Lean”Warehouse

ManagementUse

of

very

small

portion

of

WM

capabilities

You

do

not

process

goods

receipts

or

issues

as

asubsequent

process

in

WM,No

storage

bins

are

managed

in

the

WM

applicationEvolved

from

SD

pick

listPut-away

and

pick

from

1

or

more

fixed

binsBin

is

hard

assigned

on

material

master

TO’s

are

created

for

picks

and

put

away,

andpick

list

iscreated

from

TO’s2

-

“Lean”

WarehouseManagement

(cont.)Pro’sRequires

less

configuration

than

full

WReduced

number

of

steps

in

the

processUse

of

transfer

orders

as

pick

listsConfirmation

is

not

requiredAdditional

processing

optionsConfirm

put-away,

picking,

over-deliverishortages,batchesPrint

transfer

orders2

-

“Lean”

WarehouseManagement

(cont.)Con’sMust

have

a

fixed

bin

assigned

for

all

materialsRandom

storage

is

not

possibleInventory

is

still

under

IM

functionality

onlyInventory

options

are

at

the

storage

locationStock

differences

can

only

be

processed

in

MM-IMLacks

additional

optimization

opportunitiesPicking,

packing,

bin

accuracyNo

strategies

are

usedLack

of

picking

and

put

away

strategiesOption

#3

-

Full

WarehouseManagementPro’sOptimization

opportunitiesPicking

-

Two

step

pickingPacking

-

Pick

and

pack

in

a

single

stepCross-docking

-

Inbound,

outbound,

prod.

materialsMonitoring

and

real

time

visibility

to

process

stVisual

queues

at

the

detailed

stepsOpen

tasks,

completed

tasksAdditional

inventory

methods

(annual,

zero

stockThe

module

is

FREE

with

the

purchase

of

SAP3

-

Full

WarehouseManagement

(cont.)Con’s

Inventory

counting

interferes

with

operationswithout

RFPrior

to

4.7

extension

set

2.0Initial

overhead

to

set

up

depending

on

designMaster

dataCapacity

checking,

control

cyclesConfiguration

requirementsDesigning

the

warehouse

layout

and

set

upPotential

for

additional

steps

to

support

processConfirmationsClearing

differencesOption

#4

-

DecentralizedWarehouse

ManagementUse

of

SAP

as

a

standalone

WMSWith

SAP

or

other

ERP/host

as

the

core

system

Core

system

and

decentralized

WM

run

on

separatemachines

Communication

is

through

BAPI’s

fortransactions

andIDOC’s

for

master

data

Goods

movements

done

through

delivery

notesto

thestand-alone

SAP

WM

systemWarehouse

Management(cont.)Pro’sOn

a

separate

machineDecreases

criticality

of

down

time24x7

operationCan

leverage

newer

SAP

R/3

releasesEven

if

core

system

is

on

an

older

release

Can

add

additional

warehouses

without

impact

tothecore

systemCan

communicate

to

multiple

core

ERP

systemsWarehouse

Management(cont.)Con’sCore

system

is

not

24x7

operationIDOC

and/or

BAPI

errorsIDOC

failuresHuman

intervention

is

required

to

work

the

error

queuIDOC

overheadIDOC’s

do

not

offer

all

of

the

available

field

optionauser

may

or

may

not

use

with

the

PC

transactionMust

modify

the

IDOC

SAPConsole

has

to

be

set

up

in

the

decentralizedsystemScaling

the

SolutionOperational

Complexityaction

VolumeIM

OnlyLean

WMWMTRMDecentralizedWMWhat

We’ll

Cover

…

Understanding

the

difference

betweWM

and

IMChoosing

between

WM

and

IM

Optimizing

and

overcoming

limitatiwith

IM

and

WMOvercoming

LimitationsWith

IM

and

WM1

-

Physical

Inventory

tips

2

-

Enhance

visibility

of

material

flow

andlocations3

-

Automate

picking

and

put-away4

-

Automatically

replenish

fixed

bins5

-

Consolidate

your

picking

activities6

-

Overcome

bottlenecks

with

RF1

-

Physical

Inventory

Tip(IM)

Only

possible

if

the

storage

location

data

hbeenmaintained

Solution:

Activate

automatic

storage

location

fomovement

types

that

receive

material

into

the

planAvoids

the

need

to

create

storage

data

manually

For

materials

with

multiple

storage

locatioreqmts.

Use

the

mass

creation

option

for

entering

all

valistorage2

-

Enhance

Visibility

of

MateriFlow

and

Locations

(IM)

Use

fixed

bin

assignment

to

gainadditional

visibilityMaterial

master

storage

location

view

Two-step

transfers

vs.

one-stepmovements

Storage

location-to-storage

location(movements

313,

315)Plant-to-plant

(movements

303,

305,

35352)3

-

Automate

Picking

andPut-away

(WM)Define

a

picking

strategy

per

storage

typeA

-

Partial

quantity

managementIf

picking

results

in

partial

quantities,

pick

from

htoavoid

breaking

new

palletsM

-

Large/small

quantities

includedUse

to

facilitate

larger

quantity

picks

from

bulk

aresmaller

quantity

picks

from

rack

areasP -

Fixed

bin

from

material

masterFor

fast

moving

items,

assign

a

dedication

location

tthe

front

of

the

warehouseUse

replenishment

to

enough

maintain

stock

for

demand3

-

Automate

Picking

andPut-away

(WM)

(cont.)Define

a

put

away

strategy

per

storage

typeAVOID

manual

put

away

practicesC

-

Open

storageUse

for

large

items

that

don’t

require

a

specific

binassignmentI

-

Addition

to

existing

stockUseful

for

consolidating

receipts

of

the

same

materiauponput-awayCaution:

Since

only

one

quant

resides

in

a

bin,

all

materials

in

the

bin

adopt

the

same

receipt

date

(unlessbatch

or

storage

unit

managed)3

-

Automate

Picking

andPut-away

(WM)

(cont.)Define

a

picking

strategy

per

storage

type

(L -

Next

empty

binGreat

fit

for

high

rack

storage;

whereby

a

standard

rasection

can

hold

2-3

units

of

storageUseful

for

storing

pallets

of

material;

one

pallet

pelocationFwd.

Picking

Locations(WM)Batch

programA

scheduled

job

to

read

fixed

bin

data

ageneratereplenishment

transfer

orders2

required

programsRLLNACH1RLAUTA10

“Upon

transfer

order

confirmationoptionCreates

an

automatic

replenishment

TO5

-

Consolidate

YourPicking

Activities

(WM)Two-step

picking

Based

on

selection

criteria,

relevantdeliveries

are

readand

like

material

requests

are

collecte

This

collection

results

in

a

singleaggregated

pickingorder

and

task

for

each

like

material

(fstep)TO

splitting

can

be

leveraged

to

distributlarge

picks6

-

Overcoming

WM

PerformanceBottlenecks

with

RFPotential

bottlenecks

and

solutions

More

detailed

operations

require

more

transactiostepsLeverage

RF

to

reduce

the

data

entry

requirementsLeverage

RF

to

consolidate/combine

transactionsPhysical

inventory

blockingLeverage

RF

to

reduce

the

time

a

bin

is

blockedIn

R/3

Enterprise,

inventory

can

be

processed

if

an

op transfer

order

existsPick

and

pack

in

a

single

step

with

RFIncorporate

RF

to

pick

into

a

handling

unit

to

avoid

thneedResources“How

to

Select

a

WMS”By

Christopher

Trunk,

TotalSupplyC,

“Warehouse

Management

Systems,

DefiningYourBusiness

Needs”

by

Doug

Campbell,

Integrated

Solutions,

January2000Gartner

Report

TU-09-0762Supply

Chain

Forum

White

PaperBy

John

Hill,

ESYNC,

Logistics

Execution

System7

Key

Points

to

Take

Home

Evaluate

your

business

processes

todetermine

theBEST

inventory

management

tool

Inventory

management

strengthsfocuses

on

managingstock

at

the

quantity

and

value

leve

Inventory

management

offers

a

singlbin

assignmentper

material

per

storage

location;7

Key

Points

to

Take

Home(cont.)

Warehouse

management

offers

additional

areaoffunctionality

not

available

with

IMCross

docking,

Inventory

methods

and

more!

Decentralized

WM

offers

functionality

thatwork

withSAP

and

other

ERP

solutions

Implement

RF

to

increase

accuracy,

speed,

retimeinventory

and

status

updates

with

any

solutiChallenges

with

InventoryManagement

(cont.)

Immediate

update

of

inventory

receipts

andissues

System

inventory

and

status

NOT

representative

ofthephysical

processLimited

visibility

to

locations

of

material

Only

possible

to

assign

a

single

fixed

bin

locatioperstorage

locationBin

location

is

“text”

only;

no

strategies

are

aFully

Integrated

with

theother

SAP

ApplicationsFeatures:Flexible

Warehouse StructuresGoods

MovementsControlInventoryWM

Integration

With

OtherKey

R/3

Modules

(cont.)Source:

SAP

WM

[LO530]Step

4

-

Training

Resourceand