2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Asisknowntoall,______commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.A.counterfeitB.fakeC.imitativeD.fraudulent2.Parallelingthegrowthofinterestamongprofessionalhistoriansduringtheearly1960s,Ihadasimultaneous______ofpopularinterestintheAfro-Americanpastthatwasdirectlystimulatedbythedramaoftheprotestmovement.A.respiteB.frayC.obsolescenceD.groundswell3.Theplanefoundthespotandhoveredcloseenoughto______thatitwasacar.A.ensureB.examineC.verifyD.testify4.Samuelwasobligedtocompromiseonlesserquestions.A.wascompelledB.wasdelightedC.waspreparedD.wasonlytooready5.Theitemscontainedintheparceldon'tcorrespond______thoseonthelistthataccompaniedit.A.againstB.forC.aboutD.with6.Largelyduetotheuniversitytraditionandthecurrentacademicmilieu,everycollegestudenthereworks______.A.industriallyB.industriouslyC.consciouslyD.purposefully7.Lessnotedbutequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960alsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.8.Ifyou______yourinfluence,theymaychangetheirdecision.A.compelB.exertC.exposeD.vary9.Allthefinishedproductsarestoredina______ofthedeliveryportandshippingisavailableatanytime.A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse10.Hewas______totakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfromanearlyage.A.deducedB.dampedC.diminishedD.destined11.Directions:SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use"LiMing"instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.12.ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupsbutImetwithflat______.A.disapprovalB.rejectionC.refusalD.decline13.Successfulsportsprofessionalscanearnagreatdealmoremoneythanpeopleinotherimportantprofessions.Somepeoplethinkthisisfullyjustifiedwhileothersthinkitisunfair.

Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.14.Janehastobecome______atmathematicstobesuccessfulasanengineer.A.experiencedB.outstandingC.prominentD.proficient15.Therearefew,ifany,countriesintheworldinwhichsports______nationallifetothedegreethattheydointheUS.A.permeateB.overwhelmC.submergeD.immerse16.Urbancongestionwouldbegreatlyrelievedifonlythe______chargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.A.pricesB.ticketsC.feesD.tariffs17.Withitsownparliamentandcurrencyandacommon______forpeace,theEuropeanUniondeclareditself—in11officiallanguages—openforbusiness.A.inspirationB.assimilationC.intuitionD.aspiration18.在一些西方国家，有些父母准备克隆孩子，目的是进行一些非致命器官的移植。19.(Relyingon)theseconvenientmetaphors,politiciansandmilitarycommandersdonotsee,ordonotwanttosee,whatthesemetaphors(hide):therealityofpainanddeath,thelong-termhealtheffects(fortheinjury),thepsychological(effectonveterans),theenvironmentaleffects,nottomentionthemoralaspectsofwar.A.RelyingonB.hideC.fortheinjuryD.effectonveterans20.Laura,whocomesfromawealthyfamily,spendsmostofhertimeenjoyingherself,buttakes______painswithherlessons.A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew21.Therealizationofallthepotentialprofits______dependsonsufficientspendingbyemployers,bythegovernmentorbythosepurchasingexports.A.intimatelyB.universallyC.ultimatelyD.instinctively22.Themotoristhadto______toavoidknockingtheoldwomandowninthemiddleoftheroad.A.swerveB.twistC.departD.swing23.Itisa______ofcontemporarypsychologythatanindividual'smentalhealthissupportedbyhavinggoodsocialnetworks.

A.maxim

B

motto

C.discipline

D.tenet24.Parentshavealegal______toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.A.impulseB.influenceC.obligationD.sympathy25.Goodwritersareoftenalso______readerswhoenjoyequallyfictionandnonfiction,proseandpoetry,philosophyandscience.A.carnivorousB.omnivorousC.herbivorousD.prestigious26.Mybossinsistsonseeingeverythingin______beforehemakesadecision.A.blackandblueB.redandblueC.blackandwhiteD.greenandyellow27.Fewpeoplerealizehowrichthatareais.Itisalandoftreasure______treasure.A.piledonB.derivedfromC.turnedoverD.increasedby28.______anyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowupsuggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.A.TakethemostofB.KeepthemostofC.HavethemostofD.Makethemostof29.Beforeheacceptsandattendsdailyorweeklymeetings,heunderstandsthe______andgoalofthemeetingandhowtheymeshwithhiscurrentintent.A.occupationB.careerC.maniaD.agenda30.Prof.Smith______fortyorsowhenIfirstmethimattheInternationalPeaceConferenceinGeneva.A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.musthavebeenD.couldbe31.Thereislittle,______,farminginthatareaandallyoucanseeismilesofwildcountryside.A.ifsoB.ifsuchC.ifnotD.ifany32.Thecells(电池)weredesignedto______sunshinetoelectricitytorunamotor.A.convertB.alterC.modifyD.exchange33.TheUnitedNationsConferencesontheLawoftheseawouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreatyfollowingits______declarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty34.ThebestsolutiontotheproblemcanonlybefoundbyaprocessoftrailandA.mistakeB.errorC.successD.experiment35.The______BritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingoncesaidinaninterviewthatheavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark.A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent36.Theelectricalimpulsesarefinally______backintothespotsoflightthatmakeupthepictureonthetelevisionscreen.A.reflectedB.castC.conveyedD.transmitted37.Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesintheareaarein______.A.destinyB.amenityC.jeopardyD.tragedy38.Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe39.Nearly4outof5workersatthecompanytakeunpaid______atleastonceaweek.A.leaveB.shiftC.changeD.slot40.7

Pickadiseaseatrandom,andthechancesarethatfemalesandmaleswillhandlethepain______withitdifferently.A.connectedB.combinedC.associatedD.compared41.Agoodteachermustknowhowto______hisideas.A.conveyB.displayC.consultD.confront42.A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting43.Directions:YouappliedtoaprofessoratanAmericanuniversityforapostdoctoralposition.Youwereaskedbyhimtowriteanintroductionofyourresearchplan.

1.ThetitlecanbeAnIntroductionofMyResearchPlan.

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use"LiMing"instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.44.There'sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody______becauseshedoesn'twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.A.picksoutB.picksoverC.picksonD.picksoff45.TheamendingtreatyonEuropeanUnioncanbecomelawonlyifthereis______agreementtothiseffect.A.overallB.unifiedC.overwhelmingD.unanimous46.TheUntiedStatesandCanadaarelandsof______exceptfortheIndians,whoaretheonlytruenatives.A.emigrantsB.immigrantsC.dwellersD.inhabitants47.Gender-basedviolencebothreflectsandreinforcesinequitiesbetweenmenandwomenand______thehealth,dignity,securityandautonomyofitsvictims.A.concedesB.compromisesC.proliferatesD.augments48.Ameagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butitisnotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.A.scantyB.lavishC.balancedD.nutrient49.Hehadaclear______ofwhatwaswrongwiththemachineandfixeditinashorttime.A.debrisB.deficiencyC.perceptionD.persecution50.PeopleweresurprisedtofindthatMr.Johnsonhadtheabilityto______everythinghewasinvolvedin.A.prevailB.dominateC.presideD.instruct第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：B[解析]题干句意为：众所周知，______商品迟早会损害我们的生活。B选项fake意为“伪造的”，符合文意。因此，正确答案是B。2.参考答案：D[解析]D选项：groundswell意为“迅速高涨，海涌”，如：Therewasagroundswellofopinionthatheshouldresign．(要求他辞职的呼声越来越高。)句意：与二十世纪六十年代早期专业历史学家增长的兴趣相似，我对美国黑人的过去愈加关注，这直接是受抗议运动的影响。故选D。

其他三项：respite暂时的缓解或轻松；fray磨损；obsolescence废弃。3.参考答案：C[解析]ensure意为“保证，担保”；examine意为“检查”；verify意为“(侧重于经过核查)证明，证实”；testify意为“作证、证明”。4.参考答案：A[解析]wasobligedto“不得不”。四个选项的意思分别是：wascompelled“被迫”；wasdelighted“乐于做……”；wasprepared“准备好做……”；wasonlytooready“太愿意做某事”。句意是：撒母耳不得不就提出更少的问题妥协。所以正确答案是A选项。5.参考答案：D[解析]固定搭配题。correspond的意思是“与……一致(常与with连用)”。根据句子意思推出正确答案是D选项。例如，“Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwithhiswords．(他的言行不一。)6.参考答案：Bindustriously“勤勉地，刻苦地”符合题意。其他三项：industrially企业地，工业地；consciously有意识地，自觉地；purposefully有目的地。7.参考答案：B[解析]equally意为“同样地”，其前后通常用同样结构的短语或句子。equally前是形容词比较级，故其后也应该用形容词比较级，因此应将equallysignificant改为equallymoresignificant。8.参考答案：B[解析]本题是说如果你施加影响，他们可能会改变决定。B项折exert“发挥，运用”符合题意。其他三项compel“强迫”；expose“揭露，使曝光”；vary“变化”都不正确。9.参考答案：D[解析]名词词义辨析。根据句意，products是存储在仓库中。选项中，warehouse意为“仓库，货舱”，指大型仓库或超市。故答案为D。garage“修车厂”；cabinet“小橱柜”；capsule“胶囊；太空舱”。10.参考答案：D[解析]词义辨析。将选项一一代入句中，D选项destined“注定的”符合句意，表示“他命中注定很小就要继承他父亲的责任和义务”。deduce“推论，演绎出”，damp“使潮湿，使沮丧”，diminish“减少，贬低”都不符合句意。故答案为D。11.参考答案：DearProfessorGoth

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina,Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor'sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster'sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI'llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing12.参考答案：C(refusal拒绝)。句意为：我尽量劝他加入我们的团体，但遭到断然的拒绝。A.disapproval不同意，不赞成；B.rejection拒绝，抵制；D.decline婉言谢绝(vt.)。注意：flatrefusal系固定搭配，意为“断然拒绝”。13.参考答案：SuccessfulSportsProfessionalsShouldEarnMoreMoneythanOtherProfessionals

Intoday'ssociety,sportsprofessionalsenjoytheapplauseandreapthebenefitsaftertheybecomesuccessfulinthematch.However,avarietyofquestionsarecomingalongwithit,oneofwhichisthatitisunfairforotherprofessionalswhoearnmuchlessmoneythanthem.AsfarasI'mconcerned,sportsprofessionals'salariesarejustified.

Inthefirstplace,therearemanyfactorsthathaveanimpactonasportsman'ssalary.Fromanationalperspective,moremoneycanbeputintosportsactivitiesasnationalpowerbecomesstronger.Fromasocialperspective,moreandmorepeopleareencouragedtoparticipateinsportsactivities.Peopleareinfavorofsportscauseandsportsmenwhowinthehonorforourcountryaccordingly.Thesecannotbemeasuredbywhetheritisfairforthemtoearnagreatdealmoremoney.Inthesecondplace,itisdifficulttoimagineforordinarypeoplehowmucheffortandsweatsportsprofessionalspaybeforetheybecomesuccessful.Boringtrainingdayafterday,constantcompetitionandthepressureunderthewatchfuleyesofthepeople—allthesetestifythatitisdifficulttogainsuccessasasportsman.Inaddition,asportsman'sprofessionallifeisrelativelyshortcomparedtothatofotherprofessionals.Forexample,abadmintonplayer'sgreatageforplayingbadmintonisprobablyfrom22to28yearsold.Fromthispointofview,itisnotappropriatetoquestiontheirhighsalaries.

Insummary,theamountofmoneysportsprofessionalsmakeiswell-deserved.Oursocietyshouldcontinuepayingattentiontosportsfieldanditsachievements.14.参考答案：D[解析]A项意为“有经验的，老练的”；B项意为“杰出的，未解决的”；C项意为“杰出的，显著的”；D项意为“精通的，熟练的”。本句意为简要成为成功的工程师，就必须精通数学。beproficientat意为“精通于”，D项符合题意。15.参考答案：A[解析]A选项：permeate的意思为“渗入，渗透”，如：Waterwillpermeateblottingpaper．(水能渗透吸水纸。)句意：论及体育运动渗入国民生活的程度，世界上很少有国家超过美国，故选A。

其他三项意思分别是：overwhelm淹没，压倒；submerge遮掩，淹没；immerse使浸入，使沉浸于。16.参考答案：A(prices价格)。句意为：只要公交车上的价格合理，都市的交通拥挤状况就可以大大地缓解。B．tickets票；C．fees费用；D．tariffs关税。17.参考答案：D[解析]句意为：有了自己的议会、货币和对和平的共同渴望。欧盟用11种语言宣布其成立了。四个选项中只有A项和D项可以和for搭配，inspirationfor...表示“灵感来源”，不与peace搭配，而aspirationforpeace表示“对和平的渴望”，故选D项正确。18.参考答案：Insomewesterncountriesthereareparentswhoarereadytoclonechildrenwithnonfataltransplantsinmind.19.参考答案：D20.参考答案：A[解析]pains复数形式表示“辛苦，努力”，是不可数名词。takepains尽力，耐心；takelittlepains不努力。本题空格处是说在功课上不努力。因此A项为正确答案。21.参考答案：C[解析]句子的大意为：所有潜在利润的最终实现取决于雇主、政府或采购出口商充足的消费。A项intimately“紧密地，直接地”；B项universally“通用地，万能地”；C项ultimately“最后地，极限地”；D项instinctively“本能地”。所以C项符合题意。22.参考答案：A[解析]表示汽车突然转向要用swerve(突然转向，突然离开正路)。如：Thecarswervedtoavoidthedog．小汽车为了避开这只狗急忙转向。23.参考答案：D[解析]本题是说个人精神健康受到良好社会关系网的支持是当代心理学的一个信条。四个选项中，A项maxim的意思是“格言，座右铭”；B项motto的意思是“座右铭，格言”；c项discipline的意思是“纪律，学科”；D项tenet的意思是“原则，信念，信条”。根据题意，D项为正确答案。24.参考答案：C[解析]obligation指法律或道义上的义务或责任，例如：alegalobligationtoserveinthearmedforces服兵役的法律义务。impulse驱使，推动：theimpulseofcuriosity好奇心的驱使。influence影响；sympathy的意思是“同情心”。25.参考答案：B[解析]A项意为“食肉的”；B项意为“无所不读的”；C项意为“食草的”；D项意为“享有声望的”。因此，B选项符合题意。26.参考答案：C[解析]此题的四个短语中，B和D不是习语，不成立，应首先排除。A项的blackandblue意为“青肿的；淤血的”，与上下文意思不符。C项的blackandwhite意为“白纸黑字，黑白分明，清清楚楚”，符合本句的意思，为本题的正确答案。27.参考答案：A[解析]本题是说很少有人认识到那个地区有多么富裕，它是一个堆积在财宝上的宝地。A项“pileon堆积(pilethingsoneontopoftheother；pileup堆积，积累)”符合题意。其他三项中，derive(sth)(from)v．“起源于；衍生；取得，得到”；turnsth．overtosb．移交”；turnsth．overinthemind“仔细考虑”；increasev．“增加”(不说increasesth．bysth．)，都与题意不符。28.参考答案：D[解析]习惯用法。四个选项中都有themostof，只用动词。make与其搭配使用，意为“最大限度地利用”，此处的意思是：最大限度地采纳面试官给你的建议。故答案为D。29.参考答案：D[解析]A项意为“职业，占有”；B项意为“职业”；C项意为“狂热，热衷”；D项意为“议程”。因此，D项符合题意。30.参考答案：C[解析]本题中有明确的过去时间状语“whenIfirstmethim我第一次遇见他”。句中的前面是对史密斯教授年龄的推测，表示对过去的肯定猜测应用musthavebeen，C项符合题意。31.参考答案：D[解析]ifso意为“假如这样的话”；ifnot意为“不然的话，否则”；ifany“如果有的话”。32.参考答案：A[解析]本题是说这种电池被设计成把太阳能转化为电能来驱动马达。A项中，convert(into/to)v．(使)转变为，(使)转化为(如toconvertcottonintocloth；toconvertdefeatintovictory；toconvertwaterintosteam；Thisseatconvertseasilyintoabed)，符合题意。其他三项中，altervt．“改变，变更”(直接跟宾语，不跟介词to/into)；modifyvt．“修改，更改”(不跟介词to/into)；exchange(for)vt．“交换，调换”(exchangeAforB“用A交换B”；exchangeseatswithsb．“与某人交换座位”)，都与题意不符。33.参考答案：A[解析]形容词词义辨析。根据惯例，国际组织TheUnitedNationsConferencesontheLawoftheSea产生的条约，一般都是达成的一致声明。unanimous(意见一致的，无异议的)符合句意。故答案为A。autonomous“自治的”；almighty“万能的，很强的”。34.参考答案：B[解析]trailanderror是固定的用法，意为“反复试验，从失败中找出解决的办法”，又如：learnbytrailanderror。35.参考答案：D[解析]句意是：英国著名理论物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在采访中曾说，天堂是那些害怕黑暗的人的童话故事。imposing“气势宏伟的，给人深刻印象的”；lofty“崇高的，傲慢的”；prominent“卓越的，杰出的”，通常指一群人中或一个团体中突出的人；eminent“著名的，杰出的”。因此本题选D。36.参考答案：D[解析]在给出的选项中：reflected“反射”；cast“投射(光、影、视线等)”；conveyed“传达”；transmitted“发射，播送”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。37.参考答案：C[解析]各项的意思是：destiny“命运，天命”；amenity“娱乐设施”；jeopardy“危险，危难”；tragedy“惨事；灾难；悲剧”。根据句意判断，答案是C。38.参考答案：B[解析]固定搭配。选项中，obey(遵守)和observe(遵守)不与to搭配；concedeto意为“向某人让步”，不符合句意。conformto意为“遵守……”，符合句意。故答案为B。39.参考答案：A[解析]本题考查词义辨析。句意为：近五分之四的工人在公司一周至少有一次无薪休假。A：离开，休假；B：转移，改变，替换；C：改变，交换；D：跟踪，开槽于。分析各个选项，可知本题选A。40.参考答案：A[解析]connect“连接，联合，关联”；combine“(使)联合，(使)结合”；associate“使发生联系，使联合”；compare“比较，相比，比喻”。41.参考答案：A[解析]convey此处意为“传达”，如：Thispicturewillconveytoyousomeideaofthebeautyofthescenery．这幅画将把那里秀丽的风景向你传达一二。display则意为“展示，表现”，如：Oursoldiersdisplayednofearundertheenemy'sfire．我们的战士在敌人的炮火下毫无惧色。consult作“请教，咨询，查阅”讲，如：Haveyouconsultedyourdoctoraboutyourillness?你有没有看过医生?confront息为“面临，遭遇”，如：Thesoldierswereconfrontedbytwoterroristsastheylefttheircamp.士兵们离开营房时碰到两个恐怖分子。42.参考答案：A[解析]动词词义辨析。根据题干中school提供的信息，只有A项有学校“注册，招收”的意思，故答案为A。assigning“分配，指派”；involving“涉及，牵扯”；consenting“允许；赞成”。43.参考答案：AnIntroductionofMyResearchPlan

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MynameisLiMing.Igotmydoctor'sdegreeineducationthreeyearsago.Ihav