2012年高考英语试题(全国大纲卷Ⅱ)

2012年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国大纲卷Ⅱ)英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(共三节，满分50分)第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分。满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出画线部分与所给单词的画线部分读音相同的选项。1．theaterA．treasureB．wheatC．seasonD．realize2．persuadeA．usualB．insistC．sugarD．trousers3．companyA．aloneB．carrotC．moneyD．knock4．oppositeA．serviceB．outsideC．pioneerD．police5．societyA．officialB．recentC．chocolateD．difficult第二节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。6．—Whatshallwedotonightthen?——whateveryouwant．

A．HelpyourselfB．It’sadealC．NoproblemD．It’suptoyou7．Hemissedgoldinthehighjump，butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump．A．the；theB．不填；aC．the；aD．a；不填8．Thatevening，Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater，Iendedupworkingverylate．

A．thatB．whichC．whatD．when9．Sarahmadetotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning．A．herselfB．thisC．thatD．it10．Tonylentmethemoney，thatI’ddoasmuchforhim．

A．hopingB．tohopeC．hopedD．havinghoped11．Ihadhardlygottotheofficemywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce．A．whenB．thanC．untilD．after12．Wetopaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday．

A．setaboutB．setupC．setoutD．setdown13．Nexttobiology，Ilikephysics．

A．betterB．bestC．thebetterD．verywell14．—DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?—Ineedto—Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown．A．wouldn’tB．don’tC．didn’tD．won’t15．Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening，happyanythingthathappenedtobeon．A．towatchB．watchingC．watchedD．tohavewatched16．100℃isthetemperaturewhichwaterwillboil．

A．forB．atC．onD．of17．I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIfindthemoney．

A．canB．mightC．wouldD．need18．Themanagertheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am．

A．hastoldB．istellingC．hasbeentellingD．willhavetold19．TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular；theyareingreatinthiscity．

A．quantityB．progressC．productionD．demand20．—Trynottoworkyourselftoohard．Takeiteasy．—Thanks．A．Sowhat?B．Noway．C．Whatfor?D．Youtoo．第三节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork．21IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster’sdegree，Icouldnotfind22work．

Iwas23aschoolbustomakeendsmeetand24withafriendofmine，forIhadlostmyflat．Ihad25fiveinterviews(面试)withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnot26thejob．"Whyhasmylifebecomeso27?"Ithoughtpainfully．

AsIpulledthebusoverto28alittlegirl，shehandedmeanearring29Ishouldkeepit30somebodyclaimed(认领)it．Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid"BEHAPPY"．

AtfirstIgotangry．Thenit31me—Ihadbeengivingallofmy32towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy33ratherthanwhatwasright!Idecidedthenandtheretomakea34offiftythingsIwashappywith．Later，Idecidedto35morethingstothelist．Thatnighttherewasaphonecallfor36fromaladywhowasadirectoratalarge37．SheaskedmeifIwould38aone-daylectureonstress(压力)managementto200medicalworkers．Isaidyes．

My39therewentverywell，andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob．TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayof40thatIcompletelychangedmylife．

21．A．AsB．ThoughC．IfD．When22．A．successfulB．extraC．satisfyingD．convenient23．A．drivingB．repairingC．takingD．designing24．A．workingB．travellingC．discussingD．living25．A．preparedforB．attendedC．askedforD．held26．A．loseB．likeC．findD．get27．A．hardB．busyC．seriousD．short28．A．waveatB．dropoffC．callonD．lookfor29．A．orderingB．promisingC．sayingD．showing30．A．incaseB．orelseC．asifD．nowthat31．A．hurtB．hitC．caughtD．moved32．A．feelingsB．attentionC．strengthD．interests33．A．opinionsB．educationC．experiencesD．life34．A．listB．bookC．checkD．copy35．A．connectB．turnC．keepD．add36．A．herB．apassengerC．meD．myfriend37．A．hospitalB．factoryC．restaurantD．hotel38．A．listentoB．reviewC．giveD．talkabout39．A．planB．choiceC．dayD．tour40．A．operationB．speakingC．employmentD．thinking第二部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AColdweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople．Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare．Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors．Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness．Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe．Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad．Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem．Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo．Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnon-frozenwater．Ifleftaloneoutside，dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter．Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere．Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors，andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality．Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater．Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink．Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside，whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem．41．WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?A．Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners．B．Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors．C．Theybuildtheirownshelters．D．Theyliketostayinwarmplaces．42．Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather?A．Toknowwhentobringtheminside．B．Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood．C．Tohelpthemfindshelters．D．Tokeepthemcompany．43．Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather，theymay．

A．runshortofcleanwaterB．digdeepholesforfunC．dirtythesnownearbyD．getlostinthewild44．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem．B．Togivepracticaladvice．C．Totellaninterestingstory．D．Topresentaresearchresult．BYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport，butitisreallynothardtolearnit．Youdonotneedtobestrong．Butyouneedtobequick．Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind．First，youmustaskyourself，"Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?"Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat．Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail．Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind．Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection．Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat．Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat．Thenitwillcatchthewindbest．Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside，itisblowingacrosstheboat．Inthiscase，youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat．Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat．Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind，butitshouldn’tflap(摆动)．Itshouldn’tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole．Ifitisflapping，itisprobablyouttoofar，andtheboatwillslowdown．Sailingintothewindisnotpossible．Ifyoutry，thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop．Youmaywanttogointhatdirection．Itispossible，butyoucan’tgoinastraightline．Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother．Thisiscalledtacking．Whenyouaretacking，youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat．45．Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A．Sailors’strength．B．Wavelevels．C．Winddirections．D．Sizeofsails．46．Whatdoestheword"It"underlinedinParagraph4referto?A．Theboat．B．Thewind．C．Thesail．D．Theangle．47．Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?A．Moveinastraightline．B．Allowthesailtoflap．C．Lowerthesail．D．Tacktheboat．48．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A．Inapopularmagazine．B．Inatouristguidebook．C．Inaphysicstextbook．D．Inanofficialreport．CFacialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships．Forexample，inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure．Yetitalsohasotheruses．Awoman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild．Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness．Itcanalsohidetruefeelings．Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures．Forexample，manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper．YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities)．SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces；someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough．InSoutheastAsiancultures，asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings．Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile．Ourfacesshowemotions(情感)，butweshouldnotattemptto"read"peoplefromanothercultureaswewould"read"someonefromourownculture．Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions．Rather，thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted．Forexample，inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo．Whenwithfriends，JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly．ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates．PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers．Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent．Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits，wemaymakethemistakeof"reading"theotherpersonincorrectly．49．WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU．S．?A．Love．B．Politeness．C．Joy．D．Thankfulness．50．TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatasmilecan．A．showfriendlinesstostrangersB．beusedtohidetruefeelingsC．beusedinthewrongplacesD．showpersonalhabits

51．Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto"read"people?A．Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers．B．Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds．C．Findoutabouttheirpastexperience．D．Figureoutwhattheywilldonext．52．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?A．CulturalDifferencesB．SmilesandRelationshipsC．FacialExpressivenessD．HabitsandEmotionsDADDISABABA，Ethiopia—Oneoftheworld’smostfamousfossils(化石)—the3．2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974—willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates，officialssaidTuesday．EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice．TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital，AddisAbaba，isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom．AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston，Texas，spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU．S．tour，whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember．

"Ethiopia’srichcultureofboththepastandtoday，isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld，"saidJoelBartsch，directoroftheHoustonmuseum．Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington，NewYork，DenverandChicago．OfficialssaidsixotherU．S．citiesmaybeonthetour．Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout．TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils．Lucy，hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery，ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea31/2-foot-tallape-man(猿人)．53．Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto．

A．introduceafewU．S．museumsB．describesomeresearchworkC．discussthevalueofanape-manD．reportacomingevent54．Whatdothewords"areplica"inParagraph2referto?A．Apaintingoftheskeleton．B．AphotographofLucy．C．Acopyoftheskeleton．D．AwrittenrecordofLucy．55．HowmanycitieshasLucy’sU．S．tourplanalreadyincluded?A．Four．B．Five．C．Six．D．Eleven．56．Whatwastheskeletonnamedafter?A．Anape-man．B．Asong．C．Asinger．D．Acamp．EMakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure．Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause"everyone’sawinner"．Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore．Asaresult，StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck，PhD，callsthem"theoverpraisedgeneration"．Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years．Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit．Here’showtheywork：Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic—you’reabornartist，pointguard，ornumbersperson．Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame．Whenthingsgetdifficult，it’squicktoblame，lie，andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties．Ontheotherhand，agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible．Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch，thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame．Whenfacedwithadifficulty，it’squicktorethink，changeandtryagain．Infact，itenjoysthisexperience．Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets．(Otherwise，wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld．)Butparents，teachers，andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise．Dweck’sbook，Mind-set：TheNewPsychologyofSuccess，andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth．Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren，grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure．57．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A．Theydon’tdowellatschool．B．Theyareoftenmisunderstood．C．Theyareeagertowininsports．D．Theyaregiventoomuchpraise．58．Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho．

A．doesn’twanttoworkhardB．caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC．cannotsharehisideaswithothersD．cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers59．Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve?A．Admittingfailureisshameful．B．Talentcomeswithone’sbirth．C．Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued．D．Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable．60．WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy?A．Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures．B．Preventthemfrommakingmistakes．C．Guidethemindoinglittlethings．D．Helpthemgrowwithpraise．第二节根据对话内容。从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余的。Daughter：Dad．Youloveme，don’tyou?Father：Ofcourse，Ido．61

Daughter：Well，Isawthisgreatofferforafreephonehereinthenewspaper，and．．．Father：62Daughter：Well，thephoneisfree．．．afterthe$50Ipayisreturnedtome．Father：Ah，sothat’sthecatch．63

Daughter：Dad．Allmyfriendshaveone．Father：Ah，Idon’tknow．64Daughter：Butthemonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly$29．99，with1，000freeweekdayminutesnationwide，andunlimitedweekendminutes．Father：Idon’tknow．Daughter：PleaseDad．Withthenewphoneyouwon’thavetoworryaboutmewhileI’mdrivingthenewcar．Father：65

Daughter：Thenewcaryou’llneedtobuysoIcanusethephone．A．Ah．．．what’sonyourmind?B．Newcar?Whatnewcar?C．Free?Nothing’severfree．D．Whatdidyoudotothenewcar?E．Andwhyonearthdoyouneedaphone?F．Theyalwayschargealotfortheservice．G．Butwhatisthetermoftheserviceagreement?第Ⅱ卷第三部分写作(共三节，满分55分)第一节单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)66．Doyouspeakany(外国)languages?．66．

67．Rebeccawasthe(骄傲)ofherfamily．