重庆市重庆市2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题

重庆缙云教育联盟2022-2023学年(下)期末质量检测高一英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;4.全卷共9页，满分120分，听力部分另行测试，考试时间100分钟。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWheretoEatinBangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining.NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹饪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods. B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs. D.Theyarebasedinhotels.2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan. C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia. B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes. D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.BInthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“likes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(关系浅表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.4.Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A.havefriendsofhugequantity B.haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC.havealotoffollowersonsocialmedia D.makefriendswitholderpeople5.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A.Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B.Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C.Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D.Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.6.WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Lonely. D.Concerned7.Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?A.Differenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B.Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels.C.Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguagewhichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.9.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.11.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.DAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(肠)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A.ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B.Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C.Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D.Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.13Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A.Bycontrollingdata. B.Byidentifyinggenes.C.Byanalyzingsamples. D.Bycomparingsymptoms.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A.Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B.TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C.CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D.ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B.Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C.Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D.NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning._____16_____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Theyareretained(保留),essentiallywaitingtobereactivated.Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(马车)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity._____17_____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.Itdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas,howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising._____18_____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity._____19_____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport._____20_____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IzziDymalovskiisayounggirlfromMelbourne,Australia.Attheearlyageofjusteight,sheaskedhermotherifshecouldusesomeofherskincareproductsto___21___makeupafterherdanceperformance.Hermothersaidthattheproductsweremeantforadults___22___thechemicalstheycontained.Theywerenot___23___foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.Izzi’smother___24___thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids.Izziwasabit___25___.Izzi’smothergaveasuggestiontoherdaughter:allowtimeandmakea(n)___26___tocreateherownskincareproducts.Theproductformulas(配方)couldbe___27___usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids.Izziimmediatelyjumpedintoactionandbeganworkingonthelogo,brand,andevenpackaging___28___.ThenIzzicreatedafacewash,bodywashandfacemoisturizer.Attheageofthirteen,she___29___herownskincareline.Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur(企业家).Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing____30____.Atpresent,her____31____sellwellonline.Manyteenswantto____32____differentjobswhenpossible.Insteadof____33____thesamesummerjobeachyear,tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork.Ifyou’rereally____34____,tryyourhandatstartingyourown____35____andbecomingateenentrepreneur.21.A.cover B.improve C.protect D.remove22.A.inspiteof B.dueto C.exceptfor D.regardlessof23.A.suitable B.effective C.necessary D.practical24.A.requested B.complained C.regretted D.advised25.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.upset D.puzzled26.A.reply B.effort C.agreement D.promise27.A.designed B.discovered C.copied D.refused28.A.honestly B.actively C.gratefully D.proudly29.A.launched B.imagined C.recorded D.valued30.A.task B.habit C.dream D.career31.A.products B.collections C.books D.pictures32.A.observe B.judge C.explore D.abandon33.A.applyingfor B.troublingwith C.reactingto D.cheeringfor34.A.young B.brave C.careful D.generous35.A.performance B.course C.business D.duty第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThelocalgovernmentofZiboissuedtwoopenletterstoallcitizens.Thegovernmentextendeditsgratitudeforthecitizens’____36____(warm)andhospitalitytowardvisitorscomingtoenjoythecity’ssignaturebarbecue,____37____hasrecentlybecomeahitacrossthecountry.SinceearlyMarch,Zibolocalbarbecue____38____(cause)asensationonline.ButhowdidZiborisetofame?FromJuly2022toFebruary2023,Ziboorganizedmanytripstothecityforuniversitystudents.Despitereachingpeakvisitationnumbers,therewasnosenseofpanic.Instead,severalsupportive____39____(policy)werepromptlyintroduced,suchasestablishinga“GoldenStoveAward”,formingabarbecueassociation,creatingamapofZibobarbecuerestaurants,____40____launching21dedicatedtouristroutesthatgobeyondjustbarbecue.Zibo’ssuddenboominpopularityalsoresulted____41____thepost-pandemictourismrevivalChinahasexperienced.Thecityaimstorestore____42____(it)tourismindustryandensuresustainablegrowth.____43____(achieve)thisgoal,ithascreated____44____welcomingenvironmentwithconvenientservicesforyoungpeople,particularlyuniversitystudents.ThecityhasalsoinvitedstudentsfromdistinguisheduniversitiestovisitZiboforfree,_____45_____(signal)itseagernesstoattracttalentedyoungindividuals.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论人类是否应该进行太空探索。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写封信，反映讨论结果，并提出自己的看法。40%的同学反对：1.浪费金钱，这些钱原本可以解决地球上的饥饿、贫困等问题；2.可能会污染太空里的环境。60%同学赞成：1.能更好地应对自然灾害；2.可进行地球上无法进行的科学实验。注意：1词数100词左右；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：贫困povertyDearEditor,Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisworthwhileformankindtoexplorethespace.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Joeywassoexcitedhecouldhardlywaittogettothestore.HewalkedsofastthathissisterBethhadtorun.“Doyouhavetohurrylikethat?”shepuffed.OnhiswayfromschoolhehadseenthatbaseballcapinRogers’storewindow.Onlyadollar,andthiswasthelastcap!Joeyhadlookedatthecapalongtime.Hewanteditmorethananything.Everyboyatschoolhadone.Joeythoughtofhispiggybank,intowhichheputeverycoinforrunningerrands(差使)forhisfamilyandneighbors.Joeyracedhome,notstoppingforanything.Heheldthefatironpig,openeditcarefully,andpouredoutthecoins.Ten...twenty...thirty...ninetycents.Ifonlyhehadonemoredime(一角硬币)!Lostinthought,Joeystaredoutthewindow.“What’swrong,Joey?”askedMother.Joeytoldaboutthemoneyandthecap.“Ifyougivemewhatyouha