作文框架资料

PAGEPAGE4作文复习之利用文体框架登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。1图表作文的框架

Asis/indicated/illustrated/shownbythefigure/percentageinthetable(graph/picture/chart),___作文题目的议题_____hasbeenontherise/decrease/rising/decreasing/goneup/dropped/increased/decreased)significantly/dramatically/remarkably/sharply/considerably/steadily/slightlyfrom____in_______to______in_____.Fromthesharp/markeddecline/riseinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat________/there’snodenyingthat______.

Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor______.Ontheonehand,________.Ontheotherhand,_______isduetothefactthat________.Inaddition,________isresponsiblefor_______.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow________.Butitisgenerallybelievedthatthereasonsmentionedmonlyconvincing.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofview/I’mgreatlyconvincedthat_______.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.例文：Writeareporttostatethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears;givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;drawyourownconclusionschangesinpeople’sdietinchina19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruitandvegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%Changesinpeople’sdietinchinaAscanbeseenfromthetable,from1986to1990,people’sdietchangedalot.Theconsumptionofgrain,fruitandvegetablesdeclinedwhiletheneedformilkandmeatincreased.Therearetwomajorreasonsaccountingforthechange.First,withaconstantlyrisingincome,peoplecanaffordhigh-qualityfoodlikemilkandmeat.What’smore,withthedevelopmentofthefoodscience,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofnutrition,sotheytrytochangetheirone-sidedietintoanutritiousone.Thesechanges,theythink,maymakethemhealthy.Sowecanseethatpeople’slivinglevelhasbeenrisingmarkedlyinthepastfiveyears.Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandimprovementoffoodsupply,moreandmorechangeswillsurelytake作文复习之掌握窍门假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。Tip1概括知识要点，写好每一段落的首句。例文SmokingSmokingisabadhabit.Itnotonlyconsumesone’smoneybutalsoharmone’shealth.Scientistshaveshownthedefinitelinkbetweensmokingandheartdiseaseandlungcancer,butmostsmokerstakenonoticeofthefactsandgoontoharmthemselvesaswellasthosearoundthem.Somesmokershavetheirownopinions.Theythinkthatsmokingcanbringthempsychologicalbenefits,helpthemrelievethestressesoftheireverydaylife,andmakethembecomemoresociable.Theymayfeelthatsmokingisveryenjoyableandrelaxing,withacupofcoffeeorteaafterameal.Buttheharmfuleffectofhavingtoomanycigarettescannotbedenied.Soweshouldstartananti-smokingcampaign.Wecanbeginbybanningallcigaretteadvertising.Smokingshouldbeprohibitedinallpublicplacesliketheatres,cinemasandshops.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleoftheterribleconsequencesoftakingupsmokinghabit.Atleastwecantrytomakepeoplesmokefewercigarettes.Exercises：Replacetopicsentenceswhicharenotstrongenough.1、Celebritieshavejobs.Beingamoviestarorsportsstaristheirjob.Itiswhattheyaregodat.Theyshouldnotbeunderthecontinualscrutiny(thoroughexamination)ofthemediajustbecauseoftheirprofession.Theyhavearighttoaprivatelifejustlikeyouandme.Key:Celebritiesdeserveprivateliveslikeanyotherperson.2.Newsisdifferent.Intheolddays,peoplegottheirnewsbywordofmouth.Associetybecamemoreliterateandprintingcostsdecreased,newspapersbecamethemedium.Radiothenbroughtasenseofimmediacytothenews.Televisionaddedthevisualimpact.Nowwehavetheinternet,whichgivesup-to-the-secondnewsaboutanynewseventanytimewewantit.Whoknowswhatthenewsmediumofthefurtherwillbe?Key:Thewaywereceivenewshaschangedovertheyears.Tip2Consistency&transition连贯和过渡Howtodevelopaparagraph例文Asheavilyburdenedstudents,wewanttostudyinhighspiritswhileentertainingproperly.Thus,goodenvironmentisanecessity.Moreover,itisnevertoogoodfortheprincipaltolistentousmore.Whenitcomestoourteachers,wedon’twantsoseriousaface,assmileissunshine.Also,studywillbemoreefficientandlesseffort-takingifmoretimeisleftforthinking.Asforourparents,wejustlongformoreunderstandingandmorepersonalspace.Exercises(Rewriteparagraphs)1.Findinginformationinalibrarycanbeveryconfusing.Therearesomanyreferencebooks.Theirfunctionsarenotalwaysclear.Onegoodplacetostartlookingforfactsisthecardcatalogue,andalso,thelibrarianisalwaysreadytoanswerquestions.ChangeFindinginformationinalibrarycanbeveryconfusing.Althoughtherearesomanyreferencebooks,theirfunctionsarenotalwaysclear.Onegoodplacetostartlookingforfactsisthecardcatalogue.Also,thelibrarianisalwaysreadytoanswerquestions.2.Theoldmanbegantotellusthestoryofhislife.Hewasfifteen.Heranawaytosea.HetraveledtoSouthAmerica,ChinaandAustralia.Thenhewastoooldtowork.Hecametothiscountrytolivewithhisrelatives.Hethinksallthetimeaboutthe“goodolddays”.Hewasyoungthen.ChangeTheoldmanbegantotellusthestoryofhislife.Whenhewasfifteen,heranawaytosea.HetraveledtoSouthAmerica,ChinaandAustralia.Whenhewastoooldtowork,hecametothiscountrytolivewithhisrelatives.Nowhethinksallthetimeaboutthe“goodolddays”whenhewasyoung.Transitionalexpressions:对比用语：ononehand;ontheotherhand,onthecontrary/contraryto...,though,foronething;foranother,nevertheless

,bycontrastA.IknowtheInternetcanonlybeusedathomeorintheoffice,butontheotherhand,itisbecomingmoreandmorepopularformuchinformationaswellasclearandvividpictures.B.Itishardwork;Ienjoyit,though.C.ContrarytowhatIhadoriginallythought,thetripturnedouttobefun.并列用语：aswellas,notonly…but(also),including,A.Notonlydocomputersplayanimportantpartinscienceandtechnology,butalsoplayaninformativeroleinourdailylife.B.Allofus,includingtheteachers/theteachersincluded,willattendthelecture.C.HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.=HespeaksEnglish,andFrenchaswell.=HespeaksnotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.D.E-mail,aswellastelephones,isplayinganimportantpartindailycommunication.递进用语：even,besides,what’smore,asfor,so…that…,worsestill,moreover,furthermore;butfor,inaddition,tomakemattersworse

例证用语：inone’sopinion,thatistosay,forexample,forinstance,asamatteroffact,infact,namely,say,justtonameafewA.Asamatteroffact,advertisementplaysaninformativeroleinourdailylife．B.Thereisonemoretopictodiscuss,namely/thatis(tosay),thequestionofeducation.时序用语：first/firstly,meanwhile,beforelong,eversince,while,atthesametime,inthemeantime,shortlyafter,nowadays,A.Theywillbeheresoon.Meanwhile,let’shavecoffee.B.Firstly,letmedealwiththemostimportantdifficulty.强调用语：especially,indeed,atleast,atthemost,Whatonearth..,notatall,A.Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.BWhatintheworld/onearthareyoudoing?因果用语：thanksto,because,asaresult,becauseof/asaresult/consequenceof,without,withthehelpof...,owe...to...,duetoA.Thecompanyhasasuccessfulyear,thanksmainlytotheimprovementinexportsales.B.Asaresult,manyofussucceededinpassingtheCollegeEntranceExaminations.总结用语：inshort;briefly/inbrief;generallyspeaking,inaword,asyouknow,asisknowntoall,tosumup,onthewhole,allinall,inconclusion,toputitdifferentlyA.Generallyspeaking,sendingane-mailismoreconvenientthansendingletters.B.Inshort,measuresmustbetakentopreventtheenvironmentbeingpolluted.Tip3Howtodrawconclusions(forceful;emphatic;afeelingofcompleteness)议论文常用句式：A.Justaseverycoinhastwosides,carshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages．B.Comparedto/Incomparisonwithletters,e-mailsaremoreconvenient.C.Whenitcomestocomputers,somepeoplethinktheyhavebroughtusalotofconvenience.However,...D.Opinionsaredividedontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoflivinginthecityandinthecountryside.E.Asisknowntoall/Asweallknow,computershaveplayedanimportantrole/partinourdailylife.F.Whydoyougotouniversity?Differentpeoplehavedifferentpointsofview.Tip4开篇句型:1.

Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto…Somepeoplesuggestthat…2.Today,…whichhavebroughtalotofharmsinourdailylife.First,…Second,…Whatmakesthingsworseisthat…3.Nowadays，itiscommonto….Manypeoplelike…because…Besides，…4.Everythinghastwosidesand……isnotanexception，ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.5.People’sopinionsabout…varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythat…Tothem,…中间段落1.

Onthecontrary，therearesomepeopleinfavorof…Atthesametime，theysay…2.ButIdon'tthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve….Forexample，…Worstofall，….3.

…isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountry'sdevelopmentandconstruction.First，…What'smore…Themostimportantofall,…Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan…

4.Facedwith…weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto….Foronething，Foranother，5.Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.Forexample.…Inaddition.…Allthesemeasureswillcertainly….6.Thereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan…7.Why…Thefirstreasonisthat…Thesecondreasonis…Thethirdis….Forallthis,themaincauseof…useto….8.Nonetheless,Ibelievethat……ismoreadvantageous.9.Ifullyagreewiththestatementthat…because….结尾句1.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat…2.Inaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof……Onlyinthiswaycan……inthefuture.3.Personally,Ibelievethat……Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause……4.

Withthedevelopmentofsociety,…Soit'surgentandnecessaryto…Ifeverymemberiswillingtocontributehimselftothesociety,itwillbebetterandbetter.5.

Itisdifficulttosaywhether……isgoodornotingeneralasitdependsverymuchonthesituationof…….however,fromapersonalpointofviewIfind……6.

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat……7.Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusionthatnothingissopreciousaspeaceintheworld.8.Onlywithcombinedeffortscanweexpectourhometowntotakeonanewlookinduecourse.Tip5Sentencepatterns(varietyofsentences):e.g.否定句的非否定现象：1.Youcanneverbecarefulenough.2.Ateachercannotbetoopatientwithhisstudents.Wecannotover-emphasizetheimportanceofphysicalexercise.3.Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedit.4.Hedidn’tgetangryfornothing.5.Hewasnothingifnotclever.6.That’snothinglessthanamiracle.7.Heneed’snothingbutafewdays’rest.8.Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.9.InevergopastmyoldschoolbutIthinkofmyoldheadmaster.Tip6Famoussayings&proverbstoaddtoyourcomposition:1、Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That’sthesecretofsuccess. ——CharlesChaplin卓别林2、Goalsdeterminewhatyouaregoingtobe. ——JuliusErving欧文3、Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.BenjaminFranklin富兰克林4、Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass. ——J.Ruskin鲁斯金5、Timeandtidewaitfornoman. ——Scott斯科特6、Anythingonemancanimagine,othermencanmakereal. ——JulesVerne凡尔纳Englishproverbs:1.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. 2.Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.3.Amissisasgoodasamile. 4.Amother'sloveneverchanges.5.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Tip7在应试的过程中可采用七步写作法提高书面表达的整体水平。具体操作步骤为：一审（审定人称、主体时态、体裁格式）、二定（确定主题和结构）、三列（列出简明要点、编拟提纲、突出中心）、四连（连词成句，连句成文）、五美（综合运用过渡语的使用、长短句的搭配、倒装、非谓语动词、强调句型、独立主格、复合句的使用、高级词汇等手段进行美化，以达到地道、流畅、一气呵成的效果）、六查（检查大小写、标点、时态、语态、主谓一致）、七抄（将草稿快速、工整地誊写到试卷上）。高考作文评分标准第五档（21-25分）完成了试题规定的任务覆盖所有内容要点应用了较多的语法结构和词汇语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言应用能力有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到了预期的写作目的第四档（16-20）分未恰当完成试题规定的任务漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容语法结构单调，词汇项目有限有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性信息未能清楚地传达给读者作文复习之善用必备良句君子生非异也，善假于物也。1.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.

2.Thelatestsurveysshowthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasantassociationswithhomework.

3.NoinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseandabusethanInternet.

4.Peopleseemtofailtotakeintoaccountthefactthateducationdoesnotendwithgraduation.

5.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethateducationisnotcompletewithgraduation.

6.Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.

7.Manyexpertspointoutthatphysicalexercisecontributesdirectlytoaperson'sphysicalfitness.

8.Propermeasuresmustbetakentolimitthenumberofforeigntouristsandthegreateffortsshouldbemadetoprotectlocalenvironmentandhistoryfromtheharmfuleffectsofinternationaltourism.

9.Manycityresidentscomplainthattherearesofewbusesintheircitythattheyhavetospendmuchmoretimewaitingforabus,whichisusuallycrowdedwithalargenumberofpassengers.

10.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatairpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblem:thecityauthoritiesshouldtakestrongmeasurestodealwithit.

11.Aproperpart-timejobdoesnotoccupystudents'toomuchtime.Infact,itisunhealthyforthemtospendalloftimeontheirstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

12.Anygovernment,whichisblindtothispoint,maypayaheavyprice.

13.Inviewoftheseriousnessofthisproblem,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.

14.Themajorityofstudentsbelievethatpart-timejobwillprovidethemwithmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills,whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobmarkets.

15.Noonecandenythefactthataperson'seducationisthemostimportantaspectofhislife.

16.Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.

17.Thisisamatteroflifeanddeath--amatternocountrycanaffordtoignore.

18.Formypart,Iagreewiththelatteropinionforthefollowingreasons:

19.Beforegivingmyopinion,Ithinkitisimportanttolookattheargumentsonbothsides.

20.Thisviewisnowbeingquestionedbymoreandmorepeople.

21.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI'vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

22.Environmentalexpertspointoutthatincreasingpollutionnotonlycausesseriousproblemssuchasglobalwarmingbutalsocouldthreatentoendhumanlifeonourplanet.

23.Inviewofsuchserioussituation,environmentaltoolsoftransportationlikebicyclearemoreimportantthananytimebefore.

24.Usingbicyclecontributesgreatlytopeople'sphysicalfitnessaswellaseasingtrafficjams.

25.Despitemanyobviousadvantagesofbicycle,itisnotwithoutitsproblem.

26.Bicyclecan'tbecomparedwithothermeansoftransportationlikecarandtrainforspeedandcomfort.

27.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthatadvantagesofbicyclefaroutweighitsdisadvantagesanditwillstillplayessentialrolesinmodernsociety.

28.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

29.Thisissuehascausedwidepublicconcern.

30.Alargenumberofpeopletendtoliveundertheillusionthattheyhadcompletedtheireducationwhentheyfinishedtheirschooling.Obviously,theyseemtofailtotakeintoaccountthebasicfactthataperson'seducationisamostimportantaspectofhislife.

31.Itiscommonlythoughtthatoursocietyhaddramaticallychangedbymodernscienceandtechnology,andhumanhadmadeextraordinaryprogressinknowledgeandtechnologyovertherecentdecades.

32.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtobelievethatlearningnewskillsandknowledgecontributesdirectlytoenhancingtheirjobopportunitiesorpromotionopportunities.

33.Forthemajorityofpeople,readingorlearninganewskillhasbecomethefocusoftheirlivesandthesourceoftheirhappinessandcontentmentaftertheirretirement.

34.Forpeoplewhowanttoadoptahealthyandmeaningfullifestyle,itisimportanttofindtimetolearncertainnewknowledge.Justasanoldsayinggoes:itisnevertoolatetolearn.

35.Thereisageneraldebateonthecampustodayoverthephenomenonofcollegeorhighschoolstudents'doingapart-timejob.

36.Bytakingamajor-relatedpart-job,studentscannotonlyimprovetheiracademicstudies,butgainmuchexperience,experiencetheywillneverbeabletogetfromthetextbooks.

37.Althoughpeople’sliveshavebeendramaticallychangedoverthelastdecades,itmustbeadmittedthat,shortageoffundsisstilltheoneofthebiggestquestionsthatstudentsnowadayshavetofacebecausethattuitionfeesandpricesofbooksaresoaringbytheday.

38.Consequently,theextramoneyobtainedfrompart-timejobwillstronglysupportstudentstocontinuetotheirstudylife.

39.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawaconclusionthatpart-timejobcanproduceafar-reachingimpactonstudentsandtheyshouldbeencouragedtotakepart-timejob,whichwillbenefitstudentsandtheirfamily,eventhesocietyasawhole.

40.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninpast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

41.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatcomputerandothermachineshavebecomeanindispensablepartofoursociety,whichmakeourlifeandworkmorecomfortableandlesslaborious.42.Theproblemofinternationaltourismhascausedwidepublicconcernovertherecentyears.

43.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

44.Butwhatthesepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.

45.Asforme,I'mfirmlyconvincedthatthenumberofforeigntouristsshouldbelimited,forthefollowingreasons:

46.Inaddition,inordertoattracttourists,alotofartificialfacilitieshavebeenbuilt,whichhavecertainunfavorableeffectsontheenvironment.

47.Thisphenomenonhascausedwidepublicconcerninmanyplacesofworld.

48.Manyparentsbelievethatadditionaleducationalactivitiesenjoyobviousadvan