(珍藏版)非谓语动词1

非谓语动词Non-predicate

Verbs高考语法复习系列非谓语动词概述英语中，动词具有两种形式：

1.谓语形式2.非谓语形式使用非谓语动词的条件：在一个句子中，已经存在一个谓语动词，而又没有连词的情况下，其他的动词就需要使用非谓语形式。Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft①

Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非谓语不定式（todo)过去分词(-ed)-ing分词-ed

分词二非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？非谓语动词一般式完成式一般式完成式动词不定式过去分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)主动形式被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdonedone-ing分词二、非谓语动词的基本用法不定式、动词-ing

形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，就用完成式，否则，用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与逻辑主语之间若是主动关系，就用主动式，否则，就用被动式。Havingspent

thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.2)Theyworkeddayandnight,sendingsuppliestothefloodareas.3)Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.非谓语动词作状语2.原则这样解读①非谓语动词作目的状语,要想到用不定式;常与inorderto或soasto连用

Heoftenworksextrahourstoearnmoremoney.为了挣更多的钱,他经常加班。②非谓语动词作伴随状语,要想到用现在分词;Thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.

学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。③非谓语动词作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式,表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词;Hesurvivedtheaircrashonlytodieinthedesert.他在空难中幸存却死于沙漠。Heavyfogblanketedthecity,causingthedelayofmanyflights.浓雾笼罩城市,造成很多航班延误。④非谓语动词作原因状语,表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词后要想到用不定式;Iamonlytooglad

toseeeverythingsettled.看到一切问题都解决了,我很高兴。5.分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随或方式。分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词。做状语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是主句的主语Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.（时间）Givenenoughtime,

Icandoitbetter.

（条件）Theglassfelltotheground,

breakingintopieces.(结果)Ourteachercamein,

followedbymanystudents

(伴随）Notice:使用非谓语动词做状语时，一定要注意，非谓语动词的逻辑主语一定要与该句话的主语保持一致。判断下列句子正误并改错。1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.→TolearnEnglishwell,Imustdoalotofpractice.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.→Seenfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.→Beingill,hewassenttohospital.4.Brokenbyhim,Ican'tusethecup.→Brokenbyhim,thecupcan'tbeused.(×)(×)(×)(×)Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking1.使役动词，感官动词接

不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及lookat,listento等。

四非谓语动词做宾语补足语Thebossmadethemworkthewholenightsee,hear等词+sb.+dosth.与+sb.+doing的区别：不定式表示动作全过程，动词-ING表示动作正在进行Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.强调“我看见了”这个事实。Isawhimwokinginthegardenyesterday.强调我见他正在干活这个动作。非谓语动词做宾语补足语2.常接分词做宾语补足语的动词有：have，keep,get,findsee,hear,watch,noticeetc.Isawhimworkinginthefieldyesterday.Hekeptthewaterboiling.Ifoundmycarmissing.Iwillhavemywatchrepaired.非谓语动词做宾语补足语3.可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有：

ask,want,advise,allow,encourage,force,forbid,like,order,permit,persuade,request,require,tell,warn,urge,expect

这些词后均可接+sb.todosth.的结构

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Myteacheradvisedmetodomoreexercises.①

Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.

singsingingsung做补语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语1.动词不定式作定语1.后置，表示将来ThisistheHopeProjectSchooltobebuiltnextyear.非谓语动词作定语2.当名词有特定的定语,如形容词\副词的最高级,序数词及next,only,right等,其后接不定式作定语。

Heisthefirststudent

tocomeandthelasttoleave.

Whereisthebestplace

tomeet?

Weneedthenextroom

toholdcorn.3.不定代词something,nothing,little,much等习惯上用不定式做定语。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.4.不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词，这里的介词不能省略。Ineedapentowritewith.非谓语动词作定语2.动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途drinkingwater,livingroom,sittingroom,washingpowder非谓语动词作定语3.分词作定语，单个分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后。现在分词作定语表示正在进行和主动，

过去分词作定语表示已经完成和被动。boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater白开水（煮开过的水，可能是凉的）aretiredworker一位退了休的工人做定语时，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是所修饰的名词①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed不定式、动名词作宾语

1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：

……

manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。

2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...

3.在一些动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义有差别。forget,remember,regret+doing

表示动作已经发生；+todo表动作未发生trydoing试着做;trytodo

尽力做，想要做stopdoing

停止做某事

stoptodo

停下来做另一件事goondoing

继续做某事（前后是同一件事）goontodo

接下来做某事(前后不是同一件事)meandoing

意味着...,意思是...

meantodo

故意或想要做某事can’thelpdoingsth

抑制不住、禁不住做某事can’thelptodosth

不能帮忙做某事

4.有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。

Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingC现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？

1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。

2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。

1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

(抽象)(具体)

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。

确定分词的使用的具体步骤1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、指出非谓语的动作是发生在句子谓语动作之前还是之后，从而确定考虑用完成式还是一般式。5.最后选定现在或过去分词。难点七分词作状语的区别形式意义doing与句中主语是主动关系，与句中谓语（基本）同时发生havingdone与句中主语是主动关系，先于句子谓语动作发生done与句中主语是被动关系havingbeendone与句中主语是被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生

动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。

1)

LiPing’s/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPing’s/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.

(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可)(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格)(以-s结尾的名词,只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC五.非谓语动词的否定形式not/never+非谓语动词

Headvisedmenottoplaycomputergames.Nothavingfinishedmywork,Ican’tgooutwithyou.难点六with的复合结构with+宾语+doingwith+宾语+donewith+宾语+todowith+宾语+adj./adv./prep-phraseWithyouhelpingmewheneverI’mintrouble,Ifeelverygratefultoyou.Withhiskeylost,hecouldn’tgetintotheoffice.Withalargefamilytosupport,heworkeddayandnight.Hestoodtheretrembling,withhisfaceredwithcold.Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.Heisdeepinthought,withhisheadinhishands.（主动、正在进行）（被动、完成）（被动、未来动作）Practice：1.Withflowersandtrees__________(plant)everywhere,thecitytookonanewlook.2.Withtheguide____________(lead)theway,wearrivedthedestinationintime.3.Witheverythingneeded________(buy),theyleftthestorewithsatisfaction.4.Withsomethingnecessary___________(purchase),wedecidetogotothesupermarket.plantedleadingboughttopurchase难点七独立主格结构用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致,否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构.1.Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.1.Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

2.Theexperimentfinished,thestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.3.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.4.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

构成：n./pron.+doing/donen./pron.+adj./adv./todo./prep-phrase.动词填空1.---Tomisaheavysmokerandheneverattemptstogiveupsmoking.---Youareright.It’snouse____________(try)topersuadesuchamantoquitsmoking.2.____________(maintain)physicalwell-being,apersonshouldeathealthyfoodandgetenoughexercise.3.____________(lose)inthebeautifulscenery,hefoundhimself____________(separate)fromhismates.4.Iadmirethatfamousscientistverymuch,soIwish________________(introduce)tohim.5.Thegirldidn’tsayanythingtome.Instead,shesatinthecorner____________(stare)atmybehavior.tryingTomaintainLostseparatedtobeintroducedstaring6.Onacoldnight,withhisseatbelt____________(fasten),hedrovehiscarouttolookforthelostchild.7.____________________(analyze)thesta