+Unit+4+Problems+and+Advice+Grammar 牛津深圳版英语九年级上册

Unit4ProblemsandAdvicePeriod3Grammar

牛津深圳版九年级上册Learningobjectives1.语言能力：掌握句子成分:主语、谓语动词、宾语、补足语和状语。2.学习能力：能够辨别句子成分，掌握八种句子结构。3.思维品质：能够用限定词和不定代词解决实际生活中的问题能够发现语言规则，并从一个实例中得出推论，举一反三，在实际情境中灵活运用。4.文化意识：能够通过学习句子成分和基本句子结构等知识，了解英语和他国语言的特点，加强跨文化交际能力。Doyourememberthequestionsthatteenagerstalkedaboutinthefourhelpemails?WhatadvicewillAuntLindagiveeachofthem?Discussion

Linda’sadvice1.ToAnna:YoushouldtrytogetJolintoseeadoctor.You

shouldalsotellherthatshe'snotalone—weall

worryaboutourlookssometimes.2.ToPeter:Youshouldmakeupyourownmindinthe

samesituationnexttime.Youshouldn'tlisten

toyourfriends.3.ToSimon:Youshouldstoppayingattention

toyourfriends.Youshouldthinkofthebeautiful,straightteethyou'llhaveinafew

months'time.4.ToJulie:Youshouldtalktoyoursistermore.Youshould

tryspendingsometimewithhereveryday.1.Ismile.2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.4.Ifeelembarrassed.5.Sheisdrivingmemad.6.Isawasickladytwodaysago.7.Iamstudyingathome.PracticeWhatareSimon'sconfusions?1.I

smile.2.Thebraces

hurt

myteeth.3.Thebraces

havebrought

me

somuchtrouble.4.I

feel

embarrassed.5.She

isdriving

me

mad.6.I

saw

asicklady

twodaysago.7.I

amstudying

athome.阅读句子，并判断每个句子分属下面哪种结构。(S+V)(S+V+O)(S+V+IO+DO)(S+V+C)(S+V+O+C)(S+V+O+A)(S+V+A)Leadin句子成分的含义组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分,包括:主语(subject)、谓语动词(verb)、宾语(object)、补语(complement)、状语(adverbial)、表语(predicative)、宾语补足语(objectcomplement)和同位语(appositive)等。Tomorrow

they

willclimbover

ahighmount.1.明天他们将爬过一座高山。Translatethefollowingsentenceandfeelwhatthesentencecomponentsare?状语主语谓语宾语Nobody

wants

tomakefriends

withselfishpeople.

2.没人愿意和自私的人交朋友。主语谓语宾语状语GrammarGrammar主语是做动作的人或事物。(动作的发出者)谓语动词用来表示动作。Translatethefollowingsentencesandfeelwhatasubjectis?主语句子成分——主语主语是句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。1.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。Toreadinthesunisbadforyoureyes.2.吃的太多对健康不利。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.主语Grammar句子成分——谓语谓语说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主题部分，由动词充当，和主语在人称和数上保持一致。Heplaystennis.1.他打网球。谓语Theskyisblue.谓语2.天空是蓝色的。Translatethefollowingsentenceandfeelwhatapredicateis?Grammar2.Shelooksafterherfather.

她照顾她的父亲。谓语可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语。简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成。1.Weneedthreebananas.

我们需要三根香蕉。简单谓语简单谓语GrammarDoyouknowhowmanytypesofpredicatesthereare?Grammar谓语大体上可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成。如:助动词+实义动词，情态动词+实义动词，系表结构等。Theywillgototheparktomorrow.Sheisreadingabook.1.她正在读一本书。复合谓语2.他们明天将去公园。复合谓语Doyouknowhowmanytypesofpredicatesthereare?2Somesentencesalsohaveanobject(O).宾语是动作的接受者，表示承受动作的人或物。Grammar句子成分——宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。1.她有一个美丽的花园。Heenjoysplayingfootball.Shehasabeautifulgarden.2.他喜欢踢足球。宾语宾语GrammarDoyouknowwhatanobjectis?Grammar1.有些动词后面通常跟名词或代词，这些动词称为及物动词(transitive

verb)。跟在这些动词后的名词或代词称为宾语。2.后面不跟宾语的动词称为不及物动词(intransitiveverb)。注意：有的动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如:1.Thedriverstoppedthebus.(stop为及物动词)

Thebusstopped.(stop为不及物动词)2.Heopenedthedoor.(open为及物动词)

Thedooropened.(open为不及物动词)3.Ibrokeacup.(break为及物动词)

The

cupbroke.(break为不及物动词)及物动词(transitiveverb)一般在词典中缩写为vt.,不及物动词(intransitiveverb)一般在词典中缩写为vi.3Sentenceswithverbssuchasgive,bring,buyandsendcanhaveadirectobject(DO)andanindirectobject(IO).直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者。间接宾语表示接受东西的人。Grammar有些动词，如give,show,pass,send,tell,bring,teach,lend,buy,make等，后需跟双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。Shegavehimapresent.1.她给了他一个礼物。直接宾语间接宾语2.他们给婴儿取名为简。Theynamedthebaby

Jane.间接宾语直接宾语Grammar双宾语——间接宾语+直接宾语Grammar1.双宾语句子结构为：“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”。2.间接宾语通常放在直接宾语前面。eg:(1)Myparentsbought

me(IO)acomputer

(DO).(2)Themother

gaveherdaughter(1O)abirthdaypresent(DO).双宾语句子结构和位置ThingstorememberWhentheindirectobjectcomesafterthedirectobject,toorforisused.Thebraces

havebrought

somuchtrouble

to

me.SVDOIOGrammar1.Themanboughtthewoman(IO)aring(DO).2.Themothergaveherdaughter

(IO)abirthdaypresent(DO).“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的句子可以改为“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”结构的句子。“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构的句子可以改为“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”结构的句子。Grammar→Themanbought

aring(DO)

for

thewoman

(IO)

.→Themothergaveabirthdaypresent(DO)to

herdaughter

(IO).改写方法：间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语后面。如:eg：Mikegaveher(IO)somechips

(DO)

.=Mikegavesomechips

(DO)toher(IO).Tip:下列动词后用to：bring，feed，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，pay，post，sell，send，show，take，teach，tell，write,promise,return。下列动词后用for：book，buy，choose，cook，fetch，leave，make，order，pick，reserve，save,call,draw,find,get,sing,save,spare。GrammarPractice1.Givemysecretary

thesepapers.2.Couldyoumakeme

somecoffee?请用介词to或for完成句子。Givethesepaperstomysecretary.Couldyoumakesomecoffeeforme?3.Bookme

aflight,willyou?Canyoupostthischequetothehotel?Bookaflightforme,willyou?4.Canyoupostthehotelthischeque?Practice请用介词to或for完成句子。5.Don'tshowanyone

theseplans.Leaveamessageformysecretary.6.Leavemysecretary

amessage.Don'tshowtheseplanstoanyone.7.Fetchme

thefile,willyou?Fetchthefileforme,willyou?8.Writeallthemanagers

amemo.Writeamemotoallthemanagers.定语用来修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式短语作定语，则放在修饰词之后。句子成分——定语2.她是一名化学老师。Thisisabeautifulkite.1.这是一个漂亮的风筝。Sheisachemistryteacher.Grammar定语定语Grammar定语用来修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式短作定语，则放在修饰词之后。句子成分——定语Ihavesomethingtodo

tomorrow.I

wanttodosomethingspecialformyson.1.我想为儿子做一些特别的專情。2.明天我有事情要做。定语定语句子成分——状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。Igetupatfiveinthemorning.1.我通常走路去上学。I

oftengotoschoolonfoot.2.我早晨五点起床。GrammarDoyouknowwhatanadverbialis?状语状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句充当单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。GrammarHemightberunningtocatchbus.2.当下雨时，我乘出租车。WhenitrainsItakeataxi.1.他或许是跑着去赶公交车。状语状语句子成分——状语Practice1.PrinceCharlesopenedanewsportscentreinStokeyesterday.2.Healsospokewithseveralyoungpeople.3.Thesportscentrewasfirstplannedin1994.4.Naturally,thelocalcouncilcouldnotfinancetheprojectwithouthelp.5.Luckily,theymanagedtogetmoneyfromtheNationalLottery.阅读句子，并划出每个句子中的两个状语。4Somesentenceshavealinkingverbfollowedbyacomplement(C).连系动词主语补足语（补充说明主语）Grammar4Somesentenceshaveanobjectfollowedbyacomplement(C).宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）GrammarThedoctortoldmetodomore

exercise.句子成分——宾语补足语宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。一般由名词、形容词、介词和动词不定式等充当。Grammar1.医生告诉我多锻炼。Theyconsideredherthebestcandidate.2.他们认为她是最好的候选人。宾语补足语宾语补足语Doyouknowwhatobjectcomplementis?Grammar句子成分——表语表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、动名词、介词短语等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,become,turn，sound,feel,smell,taste等。Twoandthreeisfive.Grammar1.他们是工人。Theyareworkers.2.二加三等于五。表语表语Doyouknowwhatapredicationis?Wethreewillgoforawalkaftersupper.Grammar句子成分——同位语同位语是对句中某一成分做进一步说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位。一般由名词、数词、代词或从句等充当。Theyeachhavedifferentopinions.2.他们各有不同的意见。1.晚饭后我们三人将出去散步。同位语同位语拓展：Doyouknowwhatappositiveis?Thisisthegoodchance,Ithink,that

youcanwin.句子成分——独立成分句子中的独立成分包括感叹词(多置于句首),称呼语(置于句首、句中或句尾)和插入语。2.噢,不!我绝没想到事情竟会这么糟糕。Oh,no!Ineverthoughtitwouldbesobad.1.我认为这是你能赢的好机会。Grammar拓展：Doyouknowwhatindependentingredientsare?独立成分独立成分Summary1.主语是句子的主体2.谓语说明主语的动作或状态3.宾语是动作、行为的对象4.定语用来修饰名词或代词5.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句6.表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感觉7.宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语8.同位语是对句中某一成分做进一片说明句子成分含义组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和同位语等。用法Leadin说出带下划线的短语在句中分别作什么成分。用S(主语)、V(动词)、O(宾语)、C(补语)或A(状语)表示。1.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.(

)2.Theweatherisfine.(

)3.Theyareplayingfootballonthefield.(

)4.It'sgreatfun.()5.Wesawmanysheeponthefarm.(

)6.Welikethisplace.()7.Let'smaketheworldmorebeautiful.(

)GrammarSentenceelements:subjects,verbs,objects,complementsandadverbials.O

S

VC

A

OC

Grammar五种基本句型句型一:主语+谓语

(S+V)主语表示动作的执行者或状态的所属者，而谓语则描述主语的动作或状态。谓语动语为不及物动词:run,walk,dance,jump,arrive,come,lie等。She

singsbeautifully.1.她唱得非常美妙。SVThey

watchedthemovietogether.2.他们一起观看了这部电影。SVGrammar五种基本句型句型二:主语+谓语+宾语

(S+V+O)谓语动语为及物动词，后面接单宾语。常见的有:like,love,accept,admire,afford,borrow等。SVS1.他们吃披萨。They

eat

pizza.2.唐纳德喜欢野餐。Donald

likes

picnics.VOOGrammar五种基本句型Herfatherbuys

her

abike.=Herfatherbuysabike

for

her.句型三:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

(S+V+IO+DO)可改为“to型”或“for型”的句式。后接双宾语的动词常见的有:give,promise，bring,hand,offer,pass等。爸爸给她买了一辆自行车。SVIODOIODO1.S+V(主语+动词)2.S+V+O(主语+动词+宾语)3.S+V+IO+DO(主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)4.S+V+DO+OC(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)5.S+V+SC(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)从下列句型中选择种,准备三至四分钟后写出尽可能多的句子。可在班级范围内比比谁写的句子最多。Shesmiled.

Theylaughed.

Icried.Sheplayedtheguitar.

TheywatchedTV.

Iwrotealetter.Shetoldhimastory.

Theyboughtheragift.

Imadeheracake.Theyelectedhimpresident.

Wepaintedthehousewhite.

Shedressedherselfinred.Hemadeherhappy.

Theykepthimwaiting.

Youmademecry.ClassroomactivitiesGrammar句型四:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)五种基本句型1.形容词作宾语补足语我们邀请我们所有的朋友都来。We

inviteallourfriends

tocome.COSVMusic

makes

herhappy.2.不定式作宾语补足语SVOC音乐使她快乐。ThingstorememberVerbssuchasfind,keepandmakeoftenusetheabovepattern.Itrytokeeptheroomtidy.Shemakesmeangry.find,keep和make常常使用S+V+C（主语+连系动词+主语补足语），或S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）这两种形式。GrammarGrammar句型五:主语+系动词+表语

(S+V+A)系动词常见的有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,keep,become,get,grow,turn等。五种基本句型Herlegs

become

longer

andlonger.She

is

Alice.1.她就是爱丽丝。SVA2.她的腿越来越长。SVAGrammarSummary句型一:主语+系动词+表语句型二:主语+谓语句型三:主语+谓语+宾语句型四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语五种基本句型Grammar()1.Itishot.()2.Shelooksfine.()3.MissZhaosangusanEnglishsong.()4.Wemustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.()5.Hebuysabikeforyou.()6.IlikeEnglish.()7.Thechildcanread.()8.Thedaysgetlongerandlonger.()9.SheisreadingaChinesestory.()10.Weelectedhimourmonitor.()11.Shedoesherhomeworkaftersupper.()12.Canyoulendmeyourbike?请选出下列句子的结构类型:A.S+V

B.S+V+O

C.S+V+C

D.S+V+IO+DO

E.S+V+O+C

F.S+V+DO+IOG.S+V+O+ACCDEFBACBEGDLet’sact.分组开展下面的游戏。1.将全班分成若于小组,每个小组充当句子中的一个成分,如主语、谓语、直接宾语、间接宾语、补语和状语。2.在黑板上写出若干句子,指向句中的一个成分,代表这个成分的组员就必须全体起立。3.保持上个游戏的分组,组员根据自己充当的句子成分写出尽可能多的短语。4.随机从各小组挑选一个成员,请学生根据各自充当的句子成分，将所写的短语整合成一个意