2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration教师用书

UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．ananalysisofpoverty 对贫穷的分析2．bekeenoncollectingstamps 热衷于收集邮票3．afatalaccident 致命的事故4．ashallowperson 一个肤浅的人5．sufficienttime 充足的时间6．theplanet'sorbit 行星的轨道7．anongoingdebate 持续的辩论8．Newton'slawofgravity 牛顿万有引力定律9．takeaspacewalk 进行太空行走10．thefirstastronauttoexplorespace 第一个探索太空的宇航员11．thesecretsoftheuniverse 宇宙的奥秘12．unmannedspacecraft 无人飞船二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Wecanrecycleplasticbottles.(vt.回收利用)2．Bemodest,otherwiseyouwillfallbehind.(adv.否则)3．Herperformanceatyesterday'sconcertwasbeyondcompare.(prep.超出)4．Shewasstaringathercomputermonitor.(n.监视器)5．Thecurrentsituationisverydisappointing.(adj.当前的)6．Youaresupposedtoattacharecentphotographtoyourapplicationform.(vt.贴)7．Itsignalledonestepfurtherintheplantoestablishaspacestation.(vt.标志着)8．It'simportanttoensurethatthedatawecollectisaccurate.(n.数据)9．Scientistsmakevehiclestocarrypeopleintospace.(n.交通工具)10．Theenvironmenthasasignificantinfluenceonthementaldevelopmentofthechildren.(adj.精神的)11．Therocketlaunchedtwocommunicationssatellites.(n.火箭；vt.发射；n.人造卫星)12．Theyhaveastrongdesiretogoabroad.(n.渴望)13．Youcanbookticketsatyourlocaltravelagency.(n.代理处)14．Shehasthedeterminationthatherbrotherlacks.(vt.缺乏)15．TheInternetisoftenusedasaresourceandasatoolfordistancelearning.(n.资源)16．Yesterdayishistory;tomorrowismystery;todayispresent.(n.谜)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．70%ofourglobe'ssurfaceiswater.(n.地球)拓展：globaladj.全球性的；全世界的2．Theyarguecontinuallyaboutmoney.(vi.争论)拓展：argumentn．争论；争吵；论点3．Tokeephealthy,youshouldgetregularexercise.(adj.定期的)拓展：regularlyadv.经常；定期地4．Unfortunately,mytimeislimited.(adj.有限的)拓展：limitn．限制；极限；界限vt.限制5．HeisadeterminedmanandIadmirehisdetermination.(adj.意志坚定的；n.决心)拓展：determinevt.查明；确定；决定6．Ifeltdisappointedathisdecision.(adj.失望的)拓展：disappointvt.使失望→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn．失望7．Mymotherisastrong-mindedandindependentwoman.(adj.自立的)拓展：independentlyadv.自立地；独立地→independencen．独立8．Susanisaverybrightandintelligentwoman.(adj.聪明的)拓展：intelligencen．智力；聪明；智能三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用(写出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思)1．Hehastwochildrentoprovidefor.提供生活所需2．Inclosing,spaceexplorationprovidestheworldwithvariousbenefits.最后3．Thebatteryonmymobilephonehasrunout,soIcan'ttelephoneyou.耗尽4．Asaresult,serviceshavebeensharplyreduced.所以5．Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchitwillcostduringtheholiday？弄清楚6．Henotedeverydetailsoastofixthesceneinhismind.为了7．Icalledearlyinthehopeofcatchingherbeforeshewenttowork.抱着……的希望8．It'sreportedthattheaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.导致9．CarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.继续做10．Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?在船上四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.教材原句Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.(不定式短语作后置定语)之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。写作亮句Mostimportantly,theelderlyarethefirsttotastethedeliciousfoodbecausetheyarewellrespectedinChina.最重要的是，老人是第一个品尝美食的人，因为在中国老人很受尊重。文化典句Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.自信是走向成功的第一步。2.教材原句Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoaltoachieve.(be＋adj./n.＋todo)把人送到其他星球或者甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易实现的目标。写作亮句(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Heissowarm-heartedandeasy-goingthatheiseasytogetalongwith.他热心和随和，很容易相处。五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美心理或动作描写之“惊呆与轻松”Silentlyandsecretly,Islippedintotheyardoftheoldlady.Ilookedaroundandtherewasnothingbutsilence.Holdingmybreath,IgottheenvelopeIdidn'tsignjammedinherdoor.AsImademywayout,thestonewhichhadhunginmyheartforthreeweekswaseventuallygone.Isatonthegroundinrelief,staringatthesparklingstarssmilingtome.Ievenlookedforwardtotomorrow'sarrival.悄悄地溜进了老太太的院子，我环顾四周，周围一片寂静。我屏住呼吸，把我没有签名的信封卡到了她的门上。当我走出去的时候，悬在我心上三个星期的石头终于不见了。我如释重负地坐在地上，凝视着向我微笑的闪闪发光的星星。我甚至期待着明天的到来。[点评]本段用“silentlyandsecretly,slipinto,holdmybreath”等来表达作者紧张的心理；用“...thestonewhichhadhunginmyheartforthreeweekswaseventuallygone,thesparklingstarssmilingtome”来表达作者如释重负的心理，这里用“stone”比喻“压力”，“smiling”是拟人用法，更形象生动地突出了作者压力过后的轻松。1．determinevt.查明；确定；决定[题点全练](单句语法填空)①We'vedeterminedon/uponstayingathomeduringtheholidays.②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)WhentheepidemicofCOVID-19brokeout,hedeterminedto_become(become)avolunteerwhoworkedasagateguardinourcommunity.③Determined(determine)toperformwellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit.[系统归纳](1)determineon/upon(doing)sth. 决定(做)某事determinetodosth. 决定做某事(表示动作)(2)determinedadj. 有决心的；意志坚定的bedeterminedtodosth. 决心做某事(表示状态)考查时常把determinedtodosth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lostin,caughtin,absorbedin等。2．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Asourfamilyincomedecreased,Fatherarguedagainstanincreaseinourpocketmoney.②It'snousearguingwithhimaboutthequestionforhewon'tchangehisopinion.③Mostofthemembersarguedforhisplan，whichmadehimsatisfied.④Theyarguedhimintowithdrawinghiscomplaint.⑤Whydidhehaveanargument(argue)withhiswifeyesterday?[系统归纳](1)arguewithsb.about/oversth. 与某人争论某事arguefor/againststh. 赞成/反对某事argueo/outofdoingsth. 说服某人做/不做某事(2)argumentn. 争论；争吵；论点haveanargumentwith 与……争论/争吵3．resultin导致；造成[题点全练]单句语法填空/同义句转换①Hisstomachacheresultedfromhiseatingtoomuch.②His_eating_too_much_resulted_in_his_stomachache.(用resultin改写①句)选词填空(asaresult/asaresultof)③Peoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto.As_a_result,_they'relivinglonger.④As_a_result_ofyourcarelessness,theplanshouldbeputoffforatleastonemonth.[系统归纳]resultfrom 由……造成；因……而产生asaresult 所以；结果(是)asaresultof... 作为……的结果4．runout用完；耗尽[题点全练]单句语法填空/同义句转换①Weranoutoftimebeforetheparty.②Theygaveoutafteralongjourney.③Allthesupplieshadbeenusedupbeforetheygotrescued.④Time_ran_out_before_the_party.(用runout改写①句)[系统归纳](1)runoutof意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人。(2)runout意为“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。(3)giveout意为“用尽；筋疲力尽”，为不及物动词短语。(4)useup意为“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语。1．disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Peopleweredisappointedat/by/withthenewsthatthesatellitehadbeenlaunchedunsuccessfully.②Afterhisattempt,Campbellwasdisappointedto_learn(learn)thathisaveragespeedhadbeen299milesperhour.③He_was_disappointed_thatotherguestswerenotcoming.其他客人没有来，他感到失望。[进阶学习]系统归纳bedisappointedat/with/bysth.对某事感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而失望bedisappointedthat...对……感到失望/沮丧难点解释(1)及物动词disappoint意为“使失望/沮丧”，后面常接名词作宾语。(2)disappointing常表示事物具有的性质或特征；disappointed常表示人所处的状态。(3)muchtoone'sdisappointment＝toone'sgreatdisappointment使某人非常失望的是[练重难点](选词填空/完成句子)④Onebyone，theapplicantslefttheinterviewer'sofficewithdisappointedlooksontheirfaces.(disappointed/disappointing)⑤Muchtomydisappointment,Ifoundhehadtoldalietohismother.(much/great)⑥Whatdisappoints_me_mostisthatonly10%ofthestudentschoosetoreadintheirsparetimeinordertoacquireknowledgeandimprovewritingability.最令我感到失望的是，只有百分之十的学生为了获取知识和提高写作能力而在空闲时间选择阅读。2．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Theboyhasadesireforasmartphonewithalargeinternalmemory.②Manyanexchangestudenthasadesireto_learn(learn)Chineseculture.③Hismotherdesiredhimto_become(become)anarchitectafterhegrewup.④Theydesireto_help(help)thosewhoareinneedofhelp.[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做某事难点解释(1)名词desire前可以加入strong或burning的修饰成分，表示程度。(2)动词desire后跟that从句中的谓语动词常使用“(should)do...”的形式。[练重难点]句式升级(在①句中名词desire前加入修饰成分)⑤The_boy_has_a_strong/burning_desire_for_a_smartphone_with_a_large_internal_memory.句型转换(把③句变为复合句)⑥His_mother_desired_that_he_(should)_become_an_architect_after_he_grew_up.3．lackn．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Thereisalackofknowledgeaboutthenewlaw.②Forlackofhumanprotection,thenumberofYangtzeFinlessPorpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)forlackof因缺乏……alackof缺乏……(2)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺少……难点解释lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用。[练重难点](单句语法填空)③Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.④Lackingforsufficientoxygen,theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.⑤ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.4．attachvt.系；绑；贴[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Fatheraskedmetoattachastamptotheenvelopeandmailit.②Thishospitalattached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.③Chinesepeopleattach_great_importance_totheseatingorderatformaldinners.中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次顺序。[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)attach...to附上；连接attachimportance/significance/valuetosth.认为……有重要性/意义/价值(2)beattachedto附属于；依恋难点解释(1)attach...to...中的to为介词，其后跟名词、动名词等(2)以下两个基本用法的变形是营造写作亮点的重要手段：Greatimportanceisattachedtosth.非常重视……(被动语态)withsth.attachedtosth.……上附……[练重难点]句式升级(用被动语态改写③句)④Great_importance_is_attached_totheseatingorderatformaldinnersbyChinesepeople.用with复合结构完成句子⑤LocatedinShandongProvince,MountTaihaslongbeenapopulartouristattraction,with_many_Chinese_legendary_stories_attached_to_it.泰山位于山东省，长期以来一直是受欢迎的旅游胜地，许多中国传奇故事都与之有关。不定式短语作后置定语[用法规则]英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况主要有：(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，thenext,theonly,thelast等修饰时。(2)抽象名词time,way,ability,reason,chance,courage,opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。(3)不定代词something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定语。[应用体验](完成句子)①Heisalwaysthefirsttobearhardshipsandthe_last_to_enjoy_comforts.他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。②It'ssaidthatshehastheabilityto_do_the_challenging_work_well.据说她有能力做好这项具有挑战性的工作。③Ihavesomethingimportantabouttheconstructioninthedowntownto_tell_you.我有一些关于市区建设的要事要告诉你。eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(写作主题——太空探索)))“太空探索”这一主题内容涉及人类探索太空的历史与成就(包括我国航天事业的发展和成就)、太空中的生活、火星探索计划、天文百科知识，以及关于“人类耗费时间和金钱去探索太空是否值得”这一话题的讨论等。该主题有利于引导学生关注人类太空探索的进程，不仅是为了开阔学生视野，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开拓的精神。这种精神激励学生勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。ISEXPLORINGSPACEAWASTEOFTIMEANDMONEY?(节选自人教版教材必修第三册UNIT4)Countriesaroundtheglobearespendingbillionsofdollarsandlotsoftimeonvariousspacemissions,whethertoMarsorotherplanetsmuchfurtheraway.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.Instead,weshouldfeedtheworld'spoorandfindimmediatesolutionstootherproblems,suchaspollutionandfataldiseases.❶However,othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspacehelpsus.(先介绍了人们关于太空探索是否值得这一争议，然后运用however话音一转，为本篇文章奠定了基调，即太空探索对我们有帮助)Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth.Anumberofthesatellitesrecorddataonlandandweatherpatterns.ThenthedataistransmittedtoscientistsonEarth.Aftercarefulanalysis,thescientistscanprovideusefulrecommendationsandadviceforfarmers.Asaresult,space-basedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeedEarth'sincreasingpopulation.(从太空探索在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥的作用的角度进行了说明)Secondly,spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatbenefitusall.High-endproductsaroundtheworldaremadetoahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnologywhichwasfirstcreatedtomeettherequirementsforspaceexploration.Forexample，spacetechnologieshavehelpedtheresearchanddevelopmentofdifferenttypesofnewmaterial.Theyhavealsohelpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularlyuse.Today,spacetechnologiesarewidelyusedinallkindsofindustries,andeverydayproductssuchasmemoryfoampillowsandsmartphonecameras,arechangingourlives.(从太空探索促进技术进步的角度进行了说明)Finally,sendingastronautsintospacehashelpedpeopletothinkabouttheworld'sproblemsandeventofindwaystosolvethem.Seeingpicturesofourplanetasanislandinablackseamadepeoplerealisethatourplanet'sresourcesarelimited.❷Inordertoprovideforsucharapidlyincreasingpopulation,scientistsaretryingtofindotherplanetsthatcouldonedaybeournewhome.ThegreatestattentionatpresentisonMarsbecauseitisclosertoEarth.Inthefuture,humansmayliveonbothplanets.(从太空探索促进人们思考全球问题、找到解决问题的方法的角度进行了说明)Inclosing,exploringspaceprovidestheworldwithmanydifferentbenefits.Therefore,itshouldcontinuesoastoprovidenewandbettersolutionstopeople'sshort-termandlong-termproblems.(总括了太空探索的益处，表明太空探索应该继续下去这一观点)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇第一段中的shallow形象地描述了一些人对太空探索的肤浅的、片面的认知。第二段中用makeadifference写太空探索的影响，用directly一词强调其在绕地卫星方面的积极贡献，段尾用asaresult引出本段主题。第三段中的promote,improvement，benefit,advanced等词是描述科技领域的积极影响时的常用词。2．学高级句式句❶中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词view，解释了为什么说这一观点是肤浅的。句❷是一个主从复合句，句子用Inorderto引出目的状语，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词planets，语言精练地表达了科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星是因为它们有可能成为我们的新家园，以便满足地球上快速增长的人口需求。3．学行文逻辑本文为“总—分—总”的结构。文章先是介绍了人们对太空探索存在的争议性看法，然后给出自己的观点，进而从三个方面对其进行论证、阐述。文章最后重申了对这一论点的支持态度。整篇文章用词严谨、逻辑缜密、论证清晰，令人信服。Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式1．artificialsatellite 人造卫星2．discovernewresources 发现新资源3．putforward 提出4．solarsystem 太阳系5．returntotheearth 返回地球6．closeto 靠近；亲近；临近7．ontheotherhand 另一方面8．spacestation 太空站；空间站9．spaceexploration 太空探索10．theouterspace 外太空11．mannedspaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船12．cometrue 实现13．conductanexperiment 进行实验14．inthelongrun 从长远来看15．energyshortages 能源短缺Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Ihavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexploration.长期以来，我一直对太空探索感兴趣。2．Thejourneytoouterspaceandotherplanetsisnotadreamanymore.去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是一个梦想。3．Althoughlivinginspaceisnoteasyandverycostly,thecostsareworthit.虽然在太空生活不容易，也很昂贵，但付出是值得的。4．Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitalotfromthescientificadvancementsinmanydifferentways.毫无疑问，我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。5．WeChineseareproudofwhatwehaveachievedinthepasttwodecades.我们中国人都为我们在过去二十年中所取得的成就感到骄傲。一、作文补写表达亮下面这篇文章介绍了班级对“太空探索是否值得”这一问题进行的讨论，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。Studentsinourclasshadadiscussionon❶whether_exploring_the_space_was_worth_it_or_not(探索太空是否值得；动名词短语作主语).30%ofusthinkspaceexplorationisnotworthwhile.Theythink❷space_is_not_close_to_our_life(太空与我们的生活不密切)．And❸the_money_spent_on_space_exploration(花在太空探索上的钱；非谓语动词短语作定语)canbeusedonstarvation,pollutionandsoon.❹On_the_other_hand(另一方面),70%areforitbecauseusingsatellitesforcommunicationandweatherforecast❺has_benefited_us_a_lot(已经让我们获益匪浅)．Also,spaceresearch❻will_enable_us_to_discover_new_resources(将使得我们有能力发现新资源)andevenmovetootherplanets,❼solving_the_problem_of_energy_shortages(解决能源短缺问题；分词短语作状语)andgrowingpopulationontheEarth.二、看图写作善联想根据以下图片展开合理想象，介绍中国建设空间站的意义。词数80左右。We_are_building_our_own_space_station_as_a_platform_for_humanity's_exploration_of_space.Although_living_in_space_is_not_easy_and_very_costly,_the_costs_are_worth_it.Firstly,_the_microgravity_conditions_on_the_space_station_can_help_obtain_experimental_results_that_are_impossible_to_get_on_Earth.Besides,_the_vast_universe_is_a_treasure_house_for_humans_to_explore.Also,_the_Chinese_space_station_will_put_forward_new_requirements_for_the_development_of_various_fields,_and_then_promote_the_improvement_of_the_overall_scientific_and_technological_level.课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·佛山二模)Thefutureofspaceexplorationmaydependonanartformfromthepast:origami(折纸艺术),theancientartofpaperfolding.ResearchersfromWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU),US,haveusedorigamitopossiblysolvetheproblemofstoringandmovingfueltorocketengines,akeychallengeinspacetravel,accordingtoNewswise.They'vedevelopedafoldableplasticfuel“bladder(囊状物)”resistanttosupercoldtemperatures,whichcouldbeusedtostoreandpumpfuelinspacecraftsofthefuture.TheirfindingshaverecentlybeenpublishedinthejournalCryogenics.“Folkshavebeentryingtomakebagsforrocketfuelforalongtime，”saidJakeLeachman,oneoftheleadresearchers.“Wecurrentlydon'tdolarge,long­durationtripsbecausewecan'tstorefuellongenoughinspace.”Meanwhile,NASAisalsolookingtopaperfoldingtohelpobservedistantplanets.TheagencyiscurrentlydevelopingStarshade,afoldable,sunflower­shapedpieceofhardwarethatwouldhelpblockstarlightandenabletelescopestoviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.“Ahugepartofmyjobislookingatsomethingonpaperandasking,‘Canweflythis？’”MananArya,atechnologistinCalifornia,said.“OnceIrealizedthisishowyoufoldspacecraftstructures,Ibecameinterestedinorigami.IrealizedIwasgoodatitandenjoyedit.Now,Ifoldconstantly.”Usingorigamiforspacepurposesisn'tnew,however.Solararrays(太阳能阵列),experimentalwingsforspaceshuttleprogramsandaninflatable(可充气的)satellitewerealsoinspiredbyorigamiinbothpastandpresentspaceprojects.“Withmostorigami,themagiccomesfromthefolding，”RobertSalazar,whohelpeddesigntheStarshadeandnowworksontheTransformersproject,saidinastatement.“Therearesomanypatternstostillbeexplored.”eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。)1．Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．Foldingintospace.B．Theartofpaperfolding.C．Spaceexploration.D．Theorigami­inspiredprojects.解析：选A标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“Thefutureof...,theancientartofpaperfolding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。2．Howcouldthe“bladder”helpinfuturemissions?A．Toprotectspacecraftsfromextremeweather.B．Tobeusedtostoreandsupplyfuelinspacecrafts.C．Tohelprocketenginescutenergyconsumption.D．Tobeusedtoimproveenergyefficiency.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中“They'vedeveloped...inspacecraftsofthefuture.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。3．WhatcanweknowaboutNASA'sStarshade?A．Itcanbeusedtogettelescopesclosertostars.B．Itcanenlargetheviewoftelescopesinspace.C．Itcanabsorbastar'slightbeforeitenterstelescopes.D．Itcanhelptelescopesgetclearerpicturesofobjectsinspace.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theagencyis...toviewdistantobjectsmoreclearlyinspace.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。4．Whichsectionisthistextfrom?A．Atraveljournal. B．Adigest.C．Asciencereport. D．Anadvertisement.解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。BThemoon,whichhasexperiencedadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistory,presentsastrikingappearance.Themoonmaybedividedintotwomajorterrains：theMaria(darklowlands)andtheTerrace(brighthighlands).Thecontrastinthereflectivity(thecapabilityofreflectinglight)ofthesetwoterrainssuggestedtomanyearlyobserversthatthetwoterrainsmighthavedifferentcompositions,andthisassumptionwasconfirmedbymissionstothemoonsuchasSurveyorandApollo.OneofthemostobviousdifferencesbetweentheterrainsisthesmoothnessoftheMariaincontrasttotheroughnessofthehighlands.Thisroughnessismostlycausedbytheabundanceofcraters：thehighlandsarecompletelycoveredbylargecraters,whilethecratersoftheMariatendtobemuchsmaller.Itisnowknownthatthevastmajorityofthemoon'scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Mostofthenearsideofthemoonwasthoroughlymappedandstudiedfromtelescopicpicturesyearsbeforetheageofspaceexploration.Earth­basedtelescopescanrecognizeobjectsassmallasafewhundredmetersonthelunarsurface.Closeobservationofcraters,combinedwiththewaythemoondiffuselyreflectssunlight,ledtotheunderstandingthatthemooniscoveredbyasurfacelayerwithstrange,_winding_marks.Althoughvariouslandformswerediscovered,themajorityofastronomers'attentionwasfixedoncratersandtheirorigins.Astronomershaveknownforafairlylongtimethattheshapeofcraterschangesastheyincreaseinsize.Smallcratershaverelativelysimpleshapes.Theyhaveround­edgedtopsthatareraisedabovethesurroundingterrain,smooth,bowl­shapedinsides,anddepthsthatareaboutone­sixththeirdiameters.Thecomplexityofshapeincreasesforlargercraters.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。5．Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．TheaimoftheSurveyorandApollospacemissions.B．Characteristicsofthemajorterrainsofthemoon.C．Theoriginofthemoon'scraters.D．Techniquesusedtodiscoverthemoon'slandforms.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Themoon,whichhasexperienced...theTerrace(brighthighlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。6．WhyaretheSurveyorandApollomissionsmentioned?A．Toconfirmearliertheoriesaboutthemoon'ssurface.B．Torevealthatpreviousideasaboutthemoon'scraterswereunreasonable.C．Toprovidedetailedinformationaboutthemoon'ssurface.D．Toidentifyhowthemoon'scratersweremade.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thecontrastinthereflectivity...SurveyorandApollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选A。7．Theauthormentions“strange,windingmarks”inParagraph3asanexampleof________.A．anaspectofthelunarsurfacediscoveredthroughlunarmissionsB．acharacteristicoflargecratersC．adiscoverymadethroughtheuseofearth­basedtelescopesD．featuresthatastronomersobservedtobecommontotheearthandthemoon解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth­basedtelescopescanrecognize...windingmarks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。8．Thelastparagraphprobablycontinueswith______.A．somedifferenceinthewayssmallandlargecraterswereformedB．thedifferentshapessmallcraterscanhaveC．thereasonscratersaredifficulttostudyD．thedescriptionofsomefeaturesoflargecraters解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五TheCassini­Huygensspaceprobe,whichreachedSaturnlastweek,hassentbackamazingphotographsoftheplanet'sfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.__9__Thedifferentcoloursshowexactlywhattheringsare.Theredmeanstheringcontainstinypiecesofrockandtheblueandgreenislikelytobeamixtureofwaterandfrozengases.__10__That'swhyitissolightanditcouldfloatonwater—ifabigenoughoceancouldbefound!__11__Itaimstoexploretheplanetanditsringsandmoons.Itwaslaunchedin1997anditsmissionwastoexplorethe“gasgiant”planet,whichisthefurthestplanettobeseenfromtheEarthwithoutatelescope.Scientistssaythespacecraft'sfour­yeartourofSaturnmaytellthemhowtheringsareformed.__12__TheprobehassentbackpicturesofsomeofSaturn'smoons,includingPhoebeandTitan.Phoebehasastrangeshape.___13__Saturn'sbiggestmoon,Titan,isbelievedtobetheonlybodyinthesolarsystemotherthantheEarthwithliquidonthesurface.TheimagesofPhoebeandTitanlookstrangelylikephotosoftheEarthandourownmoon,takendecadesagobytheearliestspacemissions.A．Saturnitselfismadeofgases.B．Thepicturesarehardtotakeinspace.C．Theprobeisaninternationalspaceproject.D．Theywilldiscovermoresecretsaboutthespacecraft.E．Thepicturesshowtheminshadesofblue,greenandred.F．Itwillalsostudytheplanet'satmosphereandmagneticfield.G．Unlikeotherplanetsandtheirmoons,itisnotperfectlyround.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini­Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。9．选E根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中Thepictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。10．选A根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。11．选C根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中Theprobe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。12．选F根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中thespacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。13．选G根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空A54­year­olddentist,Goodmanpurchasedhisfirst__14__andjoinedtheHowardAstronomicalLeague(HAL)．“Therearen'ttoomanybigastronomy__15__，”saidMarcFeuerberg,whoisPresidentofHAL.“Ifyouareintoastronomyatall,youkindofenduphere.”HALwhichhasabout120members__16__“starparties”severaltimesamonth.Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools,withthe__17__ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky__18__.Astronomyingeneralissortoflikehamradio.Itwas__19__justafterWorldWarⅡ，__20__nowitis“kindofgraying”，saidChasRimpo,theclub'seventsorganizer.Membersofferseveralreasonsforthe__21__：kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputersthan__22__；peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto__23__.Buttheysaythere'snothinglikebeingoutdoors,lookingattheskyandconsideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe__24__.HALmembersaredoingwhattheycantomakeanimpressiononanewgenerationof__25__astronomylovers.Plansareunderwayto__26__theobservatoryinAlphaRidgePark,saidRimpo.AlphaRidgeParkwaschosenasthesitebecauseitis__27__locatednearInterstate70,butmostlybecauseithaslittlelightpollution,saidGoodman.“Itmightbeafewyearsbeforetheobservatoryisactuallyinplace，”Goodmansaid,“butonceitis__28__，itwillberunbyHALmembersandbeopentothepublic.AnditwillgiveHALaplaceofitsown.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。14．A.radio B．telescopeC．machine D．computer解析：选B根据后文HowardAstronomicalLeague可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。15．A.schools B．clubsC．companies D．centers解析：选B根据上文HowardAstronomicalLeague可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。16．A.takes B．holdsC．builds D．opens解析：选B根据后文“starparties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“Thegroupalsoholdssessionsatlocallibrariesandschools”也有提示。故选B。17．A.opinion B．suggestionC．goal D．agreement解析：选C根据后文“ofcreatinganewgenerationofsky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。18．A.watchers B．astronautsC．visitors D．astronomers解析：选A根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。19．A.successful B．popularC．important D．secure解析：选B根据后文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。20．A.and B．soC．but D．though解析：选C根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。21．A.shortcomings B．disadvantagesC．failure D．decline解析：选D根据上文nowitis“kindofgraying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。22．A.watchout B．goawayC．goout D．giveaway解析：选C根据上文“kidstodaywouldratherlookatstuffoncomputers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。23．A.operate B．purchaseC．adjust D．calculate解析：选A根据上文peoplethinkthetelescopesarehardto可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。24．A.sky B．universeC．earth D．world解析：选B根据上文consideringEarth'stinyplaceinthe可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。25．A.skillful B．excellentC．potential D．patient解析：选C根据上文anewgenerationof可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。26．A.pick B．insertC．fit D．place解析：选C根据后文“theobservatoryinAlphaRid