上海延安中学2021-2022学年高三下学期线上期中英语试卷

学年第二学期延安中学线上教学质量评估高三年级英语试卷（时间：120分钟满分：140分）I.ListeningComprehension（25分）略II.GrammarandVocabulary（20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WaterontheMoonNASAhasconfirmedthepresenceofwateronthemoon’ssunlitsurface,abreakthrough21(suggest)thechemicalcompoundthatisvitaltolifeonEarthcouldbedistributedacrossmorepartsofthelunarsurfacethantheicethat22(find)previouslyindarkandcoldareas.“Wedon’tknowyetifwecanuseitasaresource,”NASAAdministratorJimBridenstinesaid,butheaddedthatlearningmoreaboutthewaterisstillcrucial.Thediscoverycomesfromthespaceagency’sStratosphericObservatoryforInfraredAstronomy,orSOFIA—a23(modify)Boeing747that24taketelescopehighintoEarth’satmosphere,25researchersmaypeeratobjectsinspacewithhardlyanyvisualdisturbancefromwatervapor.Todetectthemolecules,SOFIAalsousedaspecialcameratodistinguishbetweenwater’sspecificwavelengthof6.1micronsandthatofitsclosechemicalrelativehydroxyl,orOH.Thedataconfirm26expertshavesuspected,thatwatermightexistonthemoon’ssunnysurface,thoughtheformofitshallbe27(obvious)todetect.Expertswillnowtrytofigureoutexactlyhowthewatercametoformandwhyitpersists.“Datafromthislocationrevealwaterinconcentrationof100to412partspermilliontrapped28acubicmeterofsoil.”NASAsaidinareleaseaboutthediscovery.“29withoutathickatmosphere,wateronthesunlitlunarsurfaceshouldjustbelosttospace,”saidCaseyHonniball,theleadauthorofastudyaboutthediscovery.“Somehowwe’reactuallyseeingit.”Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthewater’spresence,includinganinterestingyetreasonable30claimingitsorigintothestonymicroobjectsfromspace.Smallballsofglassfromthatprocesscouldtrapwater,accordingtotheresearchers’paper.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.speciesB.labelledC.expandingD.informedE.underestimateF.sustainableG.briefH.rareI.involvesJ.valuableK.endangeredEatingJellyfishCouldCometotheRescueAccordingtotheIUCNRedList32,000speciesarethreatenedwithextinction—everythingfrombirdsandmammals.Despitenationalandinternationaleffortsbeinggatheredtoprotect31species,weactivelyfishformanyofthem.Forthoseseafoodlovers,thenewsissad,buttheresearchershavecomeupwithanunusualwaywecanhelp—andit32eatingjellyfish.Between2006and2014,92vulnerableorthreatened33werebeingcaught,recorded,andsold.Whentheyaresold,itis34thatfishandinvertebrate(无脊椎的)speciesarerequiredtobe35accordingtospecies,soconsumershavenowayofknowingwhatthey’reeating.Itisstressedthatonlya/an36viewoftherealproblemisshown.“Alotofthe‘seafoodrecords’arelistedingroupslike‘marinefish’.Herewedidn’tlookatthosevaguerecords,weonlylookedatrecordswheretheactualspecieswaslisted—sowe’vemadeahuge37oftheactualcatch.Therearesomewaystountiethemesswe’recreatingintheworld’soceans,including38ourideaofseafoodtoincludejellyfish.Thatmightsoundalittleoffthetheme,butit’snotthefirsttimescientistshavesuggesteditasafoodsource.Thereareotherwaystohelpkeepthelovelymarinelivesoffthemenu.“Weneedtoimprovethelabellingofseafoodsothatconsumerscanhavealltheinformationtomakea/an39choice,”conservationscientistCarissaKleintoldScienceAlert.Andthesechoices,atleastinsomeplaces,areeasierthanyoumightimagine.InAustralia,wheretheresearchersarebased,there’sevenofficialguidesprovidingthe40futurebothonyourtableandatsea.III.ReadingComprehension（45分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Aestheticthought(美学思想，审美理念)ofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmattersasnaturalbeauty,thepurity,andrepresentation—atrend41thecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.42thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermorefamousandhasbegunto43thephilosophyofnature.Variousissues44tothephilosophyofarthavehada45impactontheor20th-centuryaesthetics.Amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofformofartandtothedistinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Two46theoreticalpositionshavetakenonthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationarea47tosomerecognizedmoralgood,48theothermaintainsthatartisinitselfvaluableandanend.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgement.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,49havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inonecriticismis50totheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.51,itisdevotedtotheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandtojustifyingaparticularwayofperceivingit.Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoa52fieldofknowledgeandinquiry.The53ofcontemporaryaestheticincludesuchproblemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgementtoculture;therelevanceofpsychology54thecriticismofart;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgementin55reasoningintheconductofeverydayaffairs.41.A.leadingB.conductingC.takingD.reflecting42.A.SinceB.ForC.AtD.Before43.A.transplantB.transmitC.displaceD.replace44.A.chiefB.centralC.mainD.prior45.A.remarkedB.markedC.regradedD.considered46.A.opposingB.similarC.sameD.confusing47.A.methodB.meansC.mindD.moral48.A.andB.orC.thoughD.while49.A.artistsB.authoritiesC.criticsD.psychologists50.A.owingB.usedC.opposedD.restricted51.A.IntheotherB.InanotherC.OntheotherD.Foranother52.A.narrowB.broadC.visualD.moral53.A.consequencesB.moralsC.concernsD.believes54.A.toB.onC.forD.by55.A.theoreticalB.idealC.technicalD.practicalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oh,MemoriesImusthavebeenthreeorfourwhenIwokeonemorningrememberingatripI’dtakenalonetoDisneylandbeforeIwasborn.ItwassorealtomethatIbawledwhenmytwoolderbrotherslaughedatmystory.Butthishappened,Icried.Honestly,IhadmetMickeyMouse,riddentheMatterhorn,everything,anditwasamazing.Sobeganmylifelongstrugglewithmemory.WhilemydreamsinventexperiencesIcan’tshake,importantlifeeventsandoldfriendsresideinafogofimpressions.Evenmyonepride,recallingthedetailsofeverytrailI’veeverwalked,hasfallenaway.Now,whenSusanandIcomeforawalkalongafamiliartrail,Ijustshrug,aoncetrustedscoutabsenthissolegift.Outofshame,I’vecompensatedspectacularly,buildinganabsurdalternatememoryliterallyasbigasaroom.It’sanatticfullofcabinetsandboxesholding500poundsofclippings,maps,ticketstoeverythingI’veattended,reportcards(mineandmykids’),workfiles,Christmascards,anddoodlesofnothingness.Towhatpurpose?Goodquestion.Idon’trefertothematerial,becausehowwouldIfindwhatIwaslookingfor?MykidslaughoutloudwhenIsayit’sforthem.I‘llneverwriteonememoirfromthismess,muchlessthedozenitssizeimplies.It’sasifIwereahoarder(hoard囤积)ofevidencethatIexist.OnlyIcantellthatit’saroomofproofthatIdostillremembersomethingthatIamhoarding.“TheTruthAboutMemory”explains,Memory,isn’taboutevidence.It’sjustanoldmantellingtalesbyafire,pronetononsensebutalsoentertainingasheckandrichwithmeaningstosavor.Readingit,Ifeltaweightlift.Ifagoodmemoryisabrainfullofunreliable,deeplyfeltstories,Ihavethoseineveryflashofmoment!Youdo,too,I’msure,cherishapowerfulmemorythatmakesyousmile,nomatterhowfoggyorquestionablytrueitis,althoughIbetitwon’tbeasfantasticasmysojourntoDisneyland.FromReader’sDigestUSFebruary202156.Whatfeelingsdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1mostprobablyshow?A.relaxedandpleasedB.dissatisfiedandoffendedC.suspiciousandhesitantD.determinedandbold57.Whydoestheauthormention“awalkalongafamiliartrail”(underlinedinparagraph2)withSusan?A.Theoldcoupleloveandcareforeachothergreatly.B.Aregularexercisealongthetrailisproofformemory.C.Hismemoryhasdramaticallyfailedandbecomeunreliable.D.Heusedtohaveabettermemorywhenhewasthreeorfour.58.Whichoneofthefollowingmayaccountfortheauthor’shoardingoldstaffs?A.Heiskeepingeverythingforhiskidstoconsult.B.Heispreparingmaterialsforwritingamemoir.C.Heiscollectingprooftoshowhestilllivesalife.D.Heisholdingthemasevidenceofrememberingimportantthings.59.Whichofthefollowingattitudesmaytheauthoragree?A.Memoryisbuiltonevidencereflectingone’spast.B.Thefoggyorevenunrealmemorymaybringyoupleasure.C.Regularwalkalongthetrailcanstrengthenmemory.D.Achildhoodmemoryneverinvolvesanyinventedpart.(B)HisRefreshForme,changeisintheair.ThesnowisthawinginthetownwhereSusanandIareliving.Webothgotvaccinated(I’veneverbeensohappytohavetypeIdiabetes,whichqualifiedmeforearlyshots).Andbythetimeyoureadthis,ourdaughterwillhavebeenmarried,surroundedbyfamily,onaMexicanbeach.Hooyah!Thisisthespiritofchange.Inthisissue,you’llfindnewsectionsmeanttodelightyouasmuchastossingriceatyourgrinningdaughter.Aknowledgequiz.Sharpenyourpencils.BrainGamesnowfeatures“FactorFiction”(page117)totestyourrecallandworldlinessinequalmeasure.Iscoredsixandgotthebonusquestiononlybycheatingandconsulting13Thingsonpage40.Anewhealthsection.Youalreadyoursistersite,.Nowwe’recuratingitscontentintoTheHealthy(page53),fullofadvice,firstpersonnarratives,andmedicalnews.Where,OhWhere?There’snothinglikeseeingagorgeousphotographshotsomewhereinthecountryandwanting—no,needingtoknowwheretheheckitwastaken.Weturnthatirresistiblesensationintoavisualquiz(page38).Smile-inducingnews.RDeditorshereandaroundtheworldarealwaysfindingnever-before-seenexamplesofcharityandingenuity.We’rerollingthemintoAWorldofGood(page18).Animalstories!Becausewhocanresist?Tocontinuethecelebrationofouranimals’abilitytobond,BestPetPals(page44)willspotlightonepricelesssubmissiontoyourheart’scontent.62Finally,onpage1,we’recreatingabrandnewsection,hopingtoofferyouafriendwhobringsfunideastoyourkitchentable,whohelpseveryonelaughandcrytogetheraboutwhatmakesusallhuman.Writetoletmeknowifyouhavegotaflashingideaforthenameofthissection.Andthanksforreading.60.Whatmaythisarticlebefrom?A.novelB.newspaperC.magazineD.instructionbook61.Ifyouareconfidentofyourknowledgeofpet,andwanttocheckyourscope,whichsectionwillyoumostlyread?A.AknowledgequizB.AnewhealthsectionC.Where,OhWhere?D.Animalstories!62.Ifyouarewritingtogiveanameforthenewsectionmentionedinthelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingyoumaysubmit?A.FunGuyinKitchenofFantasticFoodB.ATrustedFriendinaComplicatedWorldC.HooyahtoHumorandHumanD.IdeastoLaughandCry(C)Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot.Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike“Palaeolithic(旧石器时代)Man”,“Neolithic(新石器时代)Man”,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychosethelabel“LeglessMan”.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmilesoftravellingeachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthwerespoiledbythepresenceoflargecarparks.Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlyflashesbythewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:“Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?Isawthesea.”Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays“I’vebeenthere.”Youmentiontheremotestplace-namesintheworldlikeEIDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay“I’vebeenthere”—meaning,“Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.”Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfood,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hiscarsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravellers.63.Anthropologistslabelnowaday’smen“legless”because.A.peopleprefernottousetheirlegsB.peopleowncars,busesandtrainsC.liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalkingD.therearealotoftransportationdevices64.Travellingathighspeedmeans.A.people’sfocusonlivinginthefutureB.apleasureintravellingincarorbyshipC.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrillforspeedD.abasicnecessityoflifetocoveradistance65.Whydoestheauthorsay“Wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes”?A.People’ssightsdeclinebecauseofmodernequipment.B.Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.C.Peoplecan’tenjoyanyviewontheirwayoftravel.D.Peopleoftentakeanapduringthetrip.66.Whatsuggestiontheauthormaygivetothereaders?A.Travelmore,oryourlegmaybecomeweaker.B.Moderntransportationwillmaketheworldasmallplace.C.Useyoureyesbeforeyouchoosethemeansoftravelling.D.Thebestwaytotravelisonfootforyoutosenseitsbeauty.SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankinthearticlewithapropersentencegivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Donotarrivetooearly,though,asotherpeople’sanxietycanspread,andyoumaysufferfrompanic.B.Whenyougethome,lookupallthewordsinthepaperandprepareforyournextexam.C.Gettingalltheinformationinonedayisnotnecessary.D.Sleep,exerciseandrelaxationarealljustasimportant.E.Mapoutaquickplanofpointsyouwishtomakeandhowmuchtimeyoushouldspendoneachquestion.F.Trynottobetemptedtolookatthosearoundyou,orattheclock.HowtoDoWellinExamsDonotunderestimatethepowerofrevisioninthedaysandhoursbeforeandexamination.Thecloseryouaretotheexam,themorechanceyouhaveofstoringandretainingcrucialinformation.Butdonotoverdoit.67Aneffectivedailyroutinecanhelpyouthroughanexamperiod,sointhedaysleadinguptoyourfirstexam,getintothehabitofbeingupandreadytowork.Onthedayoftheexam,haveagoodbreakfast,packtwoofeverythingyouneed(pens,pencils,erasers,etc.),thenmakeyouwaytotheexaminationhallingoodtime.68Onceinyourseat,simplypauseforafewsecondsandcollectyourthoughts.Closeyoureyesandtakeinafewslow,deepbreathstohelpyourelax.Whenyouturnoverthetestpaper,spendashortperiodreadingthroughalltheinstructionsandquestions,payingparticularattentiontokeyverbssuchas“discuss”,“compare”andsometimes“Not”(withacapitalized“N”)69Itiswisealwaystoallowfor10minutesattheendoftheexamtogiveyourselftimetogobackoveryouranswers.Onceyouhaveselectedthequestionsyouwishtotackle,beginbyattemptingtheoneyouthinkisyourstrongest.Itwillgiveyoumoreconfidencewhenyoseeawell-answeredquestiondownonpaper.Alsoremembertowriteclearly,anddonotbeafraidtoexpresstheunexpected:afterall,examinerscangetveryboredmarkingstereotypical(陈词滥调的)answers.70Ifyoudoneedsomethingelsetofocusontohelpcollectyourthoughts,chooseafixtureintheroom,suchastheceilingoranythingelsethatwillnotallowyoutobedistracted.Finally,onceyouhavefinished,neverhangaroundoutsideafterwardstoattendthediscussionbyotherstudents.Goandhaveawell-earnedrest,thenprepareforyournextexam.IV.Summary（10分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.Forstudentschasinglastingwealth,thebestchoiceofacollegemajorislessobviousthanyoumightthink.Theconventionalwisdomisthatcomputerscienceandengineeringmajorshavebetteremploymentprospectsandhigherearningsthantheirpeersinliberalarts.Thisistrueforthefirstjob,butthelong-termstoryismorecomplicated.TheadvantageforSTEMmajorsfadessteadilyaftertheirfirstjobs,andbyage40,theearningsofpeoplemajoringinfieldslikesocialscienceorhistoryhavecaughtuporevensurpassed.Thishappensfortworeasons.First,manyofthelatesttechnicalskillsthatareinhighdemandtodaybecomeout-datedwhentechnologyprogresses.Olderworkersmustlearnthesenewskillsonthefly,whileyoungerworkersmayhavelearnedtheminschool.SkillundesirabilityandtheincreasedcompetitionfromyoungergraduatestogetherlowertheearningsadvantageforSTEMdegree-holdersastheyage.Second,althoughliberalartsmajorsstartlow,theygraduallycatchuptotheirpeersinSTEMfields.Aliberalartseducationfostersvaluable“softskills”likeproblem-solving,criticalthinkingandadaptability.Suchskillsarehardtoquantify,buttheyhavevalueinawidevarietyofcareersinthelongrun.Whydidthathappen?Accordingtoa2018survey,thethreequalitiesofcollegegraduatesemployersconsideredmustimportantwerewrittencommunication,problem-solvingandtheyabilitytoworkinateam.Inliberalartstraditions,theseskillsarebuiltthroughthedialoguebetweeninstructorsandstudentsandabroadrangeofsubjects.I’mnotsuggestingthatstudentsshouldavoidmajoringinSTEMfields,butIdothinkweshouldbecarefuloftheurgetomakecollegecurriculaevermoretechnicalandcareer-focused.Abalancedchoiceshouldpreparestudentsforafuturethatnoneofuscanimagine.V.Translation（15分）Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.在你想要放弃刷新(refresh)网页的那一刻，想想你要喂饱家人。(Themoment,feed)73.就我而言，我们对于网络上多种多样信息的判断必须基于证据和常理。(concern,base)74.任何一种有助于抑制疫情，恢复城市活力的措施都值得尝试。(restore,worth)75.一个月的居家生活不仅教会了他独立学习，关爱家人，更使他能够反思过往，展望未来。(Notonly,reflect)III.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.俗话说：与其诅咒黑暗，不如点亮光明。（It’sbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness），结合你自己或者身边人的一个事例，谈谈你对这句话的理解。2021学年第二学期延安中学线上教学质量评估参考答案（满分140分）I.Listeningcomprehension（25分）SectionA.1-10（每题1分） BADCA ABDCBSectionB.11-20（每题1.5分） DBB BCA DADCII.Grammarandvocabulary（20分）SectionA.21-30（每题1分）21.suggesting 22.hasbeenfound/wasfound 23.modified 24.can 25.where 26.what 27.lessobvious 28.in 29.Although/though/while 30.oneSectionB.31-40（每题1分）KIAHB GECDFIII.Readingcomprehension（45分）SectionA.41-55（每题1分）DADBB ABDCDABCADSectionB.56-66（每题2分）BCDBCABAACDSectionC.67-70（每题2分）DAEFIV.Summarywriting（10分）DespitethetraditionalemphasisontheSTEMmajors,liberalartsoffersbrightercareerprospectinthelongrun/asthegraduateages.Firstly,fastdevelopmentoftechnologymakesnewgraduatesbetterarmedinskills,reducingtheadvantagesoftheoldprofessionals.Also,coursesinliberalartspreparesoftskillsforcatchingupandqualitiesemployersvalue.Thus,abalancedchoiceofmajorispreferred.(60words)V.Translation（15分:3+3+4+5）72.在你想要放弃刷新（refresh）网页的那一刻，想想你要喂饱的家人。(Themoment,feed)Themoment/minuteyouwanttogiveuprefreshingthewebpage(s),thinkaboutthefamilyyouneedtofeed.73.就我而言，我们对于网络上多种多样信息的判断必须基于证据和常理。(concern,base)AsfarasIamconcerned,wemustbaseourjudgmenton/aboutvariousinformationonlineonevidenceandcommonsense.…,ourjudgmenton/aboutvariousinformationonlinemustbebasedonevidenceandcommonsense.74.任何一种有助于抑制疫情，恢复城市活力的措施都值得尝试。(restore,worth)Anymeasurewhichhelpscontainthepandemicandrestorethevitality/vigorofthecityisworthtrying/atry.75. 一个月的居家生活不仅教会了他独立学习，关爱家人，更使他能够反思过往，展望未来。(Notonly,reflect)75.Notonlydidamonth’slifeofstaying(at)hometeachhimtostudyindependentlyandcareforhisfamily,butalsoitenabledhimtoreflectonthepastandlookintothefuture.VI.Writing（25分）审题分析本文是一篇以“格言、名言、俗语、成语”作为材料，要求结合“事例”进行“议论”的叙议结合类型的议论文。这一类写作，由于针对的是具有较高概括力的语言，所以写作的第一步就是对于格言等等内容本身的理解。以本题为例，题目中黑暗可以理解成为“Setbacks”，“Hardship”等等，光明可以理解为“Hope”、“Prospect”、“Awayout”。这一点大部分学生都能注意到，但大家往往会忽略了“点亮”这个内容。我们可以把它理解为，Settheproperattitude;Trytofindthehiddenvalueorpromise等等手段和过程等。再落实到文本的具体内容上。在第一段，首先需要引用格言，然后稍加分析，最后给出作者本人的观点。（作者本人的观点较之格言本身，具有更明确和具体的内容）然后记叙一个符合论点（观点）的事例。这里要注意的是：1.事例是具有情节和内容的故事，所以不能仅仅用一句话带过，比如有同学描写志愿者活动仅仅写：Ionceservedasavolunteeratanurseryhouse.或者多加一句atfirst,IfeltdefeatedattheburdenoftheworkbutsoonrealizedImusttreatitwithpositiveattitude.这样显然是不符合此一要求的；2.由于篇幅所限，所写故事的情节需要围绕体现“格言”“关键词”的内容。（如本文的“Hardship”，“NewWayofInsight”，以及“Prospect”三个角度。）和事例及格言呼应文章后续需要展开两个以上角度的论证来说明“Usingapositiveattitudetoinitiatenewapproachtotacklethehardship”的原因。同时，作为议论文的主体，论证内容不应少于记叙部分。最后，在末段对于格言和观点再次进行呼应，使得文本形成完整性。学生习作Asthesayinggoes,“Itisbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.”Itstillmakessenseinthesocietyoftodaywherewetendtobedownandsuffering（注1）depression,whileweshalllightupourhopeandlookatthingsfromabrightside.Iusedtolearnskatingwithoutaprofessionalcoach.Atfirst,Iskatedalongthewallsothatbeforefalling,therewouldbesomethingtoleanonto.YetasIproceeded,fallingwasalmostinevitable,whichdestroyedmyconfidenceanddrovemetotheedgeofgivingup.Luckily,insteadofkeepingcomplaining,Imanagedtosupportmyselfwithpositivehints,whichlightedthedarknessinmyheartjustlikeacandle.Indailylife,difficultiesandtroublesaretobefoundeverywhere.Thus,itisnousecomplainingjustbecauseyouarenotsatisfiedwiththe“arrangement”anditwillonlytwistyourmindsanddoubleyourpain.Instead,weshalllearntogetridofbadfeelingsandmoods,setuppositivebaselines,offeringself-encouragement,andlookforwardtothebettervision.It’sbettertolightupacandlethancursethedarkness.Andthat’swhereone’sattitudeworks.（作者原上海市延安中学高三李薏铭）注1：此处需要保持前后的一致，所以应改为suffer.习作点评围棋的布局里面有一种说法：“势”，也就是指的“大模样”。这篇学生习作中，第一段的“引用”“分析”，第二段的“故事”，第三段的“议论”，第四段的“呼应”形成了一个比较完整的结构，达到了“模样”的效果。如果进一步阅读细节，我们还是可以发现不少需要改进的地方：其一、第一段的”Weshalllightupourhopeandlookatthingsfromabrightside.“实际上是对于格言的解释不具有作者自身的“观点”。其二、第二段的故事描写中，作者遇到的困难没有体现出“打击”（thedark），作者的“领悟”显得十分突兀，而作者又是如何找到何种积极面（lightacandle）的也没有提及。其三、由于故事的“空洞”，第三段的议论也没有层次感。最后、结尾的呼应，重复的成分似乎过多了一些。参考范文Asthesayinggoes,“Itisbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness.”Inasocietyofhighpressure,wemaygettheinspirationthatapositivemindshallshednewanglesfromwhichthetrickiestsituationshowsabrilliantsolution.5yearsago,Iwasatoddlerinlearningskating.Likemostpeoplethebrightwhiteexcitedmetorushontothecourse,but5minutesofrepeatedfallingisenoughtoconsumealltheenthusiasminbitternessandcoldness.ItseemedIWOULDNEVERLERAN.UntilIsawaveteranskaterlookingdownatme,smiling.“Standupandwatchyourselffallagain!”“Excuseme!?”“StandupandWATCHyourselffallagain.”IdidnotknowwhyIboughtit.ButhiswordsjustflickalightandIdidwatchandsee.Ifellsomemoretimes,butIrememberedandavoidedthoseposturesuntilarrivingattherightone.Therestofthestoryissimple:justtrialanderror.Becausewhenyoustopcursing,youbegantoseethemeritsofthings.Evenofthefailure’s.Whenbeaten,it’sbettertoacceptandadvance,foranalyzingthelessonswithalightheartnarrowsdownthepossible.WhetherThomasEdisonorSteveJobs,theyalleliminatedthedarknessexperiencedandtookitasacandleshiningthepathtosuccess.Whendefeated,itbettertokeepabalancedmind.Theoddsofstandingoutneverstandoutinthechancesofbeingswallowedbynothingness.Onlywhenoneknowsandnodstoitwillherealizehisvalue,sometimeofbeinganimportantnobody-thelightofacandle.Awisemanknowsthathiscursingshallbetoovagueandlousytobeheardin