2018英语二阅读强化考研群

①Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.②Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingle.③Itwasalastvictory.④Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.①Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglyse2003.②Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.③Sethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.④Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.①IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMr.Hirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.②Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.③Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector,theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.④Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoswhohadcedworksforsalewiththem.①ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsatof1989.②Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.③ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”①Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthe②Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.③ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.④Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeeaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst’ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because［A］theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionof［B］theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighest［C］BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverall［D］itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialBysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Para.3),theauthorsuggests［A］collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-market［B］peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfrom［C］artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreat［D］worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT［A］Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to［B］Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesin［C］Theartmarketgenerallywentdownwardinvarious［D］SomeartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestoThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare［A］auctionhouses’［B］contemporary［C］factorspromotingartwork［D］stylesrepresentingThemostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe［A］FluctuationofArt［B］Up-to-dateArt［C］ArtMarketin［D］ShiftedInterestinArtsText2①IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.②Throughouttheevening,onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.③ oftheevening,Icommentedthatwomenfrequentlycominthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.④Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.⑤Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”⑥Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.⑦“It’strue,”heexined.⑧“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.⑨Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveningin①ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.②Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwith①ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.②SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.③Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.①Inmyownresearch,comintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareerto panyahusbandtohis,orngfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangements.②Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesn’tlistentome,”“Hedoesn’ttalktome.”③Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartners,butfewhusbandssharethipectationoftheir①Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wgtotalk.Whatismostwives’mainexpectationoftheir［A］Talkingto［B］Trusting［C］Supportingtheir［D］SharingJudgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans［A］generating［B］exerting［C］causing［D］creatingAllofthefollowingaretrue［A］mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthan［B］nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailed［C］women uchimportancetocommunicationbetween［D］afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherWhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthis［A］Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchby［B］Marriagebreak-upstems ［C］Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheir［D］ConversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifeareInthefollowingpartimmedia yafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson.［A］avividaccountofthenewbookDivorce［B］adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypical［C］otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateinthe［D］abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerText3①Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.②Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.①“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenttheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine.②“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”①ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesonsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.①Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.②Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.③Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.①Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.②Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkingly①Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughruthlessadvertising.②Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwith［A］shouldbefurther［B］shouldbechanged［C］aredeeplyrootedin［D］arebasicallyprivateBottledwater,chewinggumandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soas［A］revealtheirimpactonpeople’s［B］showtheurgentneedofdaily［C］indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuying［D］manifestthesignificantroleofgoodWhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’s［A］Tide［B］Crest［C］Colgate［D］Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddue［A］perfectedartof［B］automaticbehavior［C］commercial［D］scientificTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabits［A］indifferent［B］negative［C］positive［D］biasedText4①ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,ludingthepriplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandli cyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace, ,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheir②Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.③Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnserningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestoernforthem.①Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimited sofsupposedlysuperiorin④Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.①In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.②Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.③Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestaevel.④TheTaylordecisionalsodeclareddiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.Fromthe iplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat［A］both teand tepeoplecanserveon［B］defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheir［C］noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjury［D］judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionoftheThepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968［A］theinadequacyofanti-discrimination［B］theprevalentdiscriminationcertain［C］theingidealsinjuryselection［D］thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtEveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestates［A］theywereautomaticallybannedbysta［B］theyfellfarshortoftherequired［C］theyweresupposedtoperformdomestic［D］theytendedtoevadepublicAftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed, discriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobe［B］educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederal［C］jurorsatthestaeveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentire［D］statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejuryIndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenters［A］itsnatureand［B］itscharacteristicsand［C］itsproblemsandtheir［D］itstraditionanddevelopment2011年阅读②Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughcetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.③Ifthesky,andtheshare①TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusetabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.②Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromone statementtothenext.③Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsunderof70.④Theyfoundthatafsurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthewillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsreasedbynearly20%.⑤Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.⑥Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.⑦Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumoffasinkingship.⑧Oftenthey“tradeup,”leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.①Buttheresearchesbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreak,evenifareviewofhistoryshowsthattheywereonthatthetimeanywrongngoccurred.②Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateentives.③OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor［B］failingtofulfillher［C］refusingtomake［D］leavingthintoughWelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe［C］shareprice［D］tAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversity,af noutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.［ emore reased［C］dolesswellinthestock［D］performworsein①Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?②Ayearago seemednear.③Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinte.④NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.⑤America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.⑥Shouldtheyecharitablecorporations?⑦Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?⑧Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.⑨=9\*GB3Butthediscussionsnowseemoutof①Inmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.②GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.③EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcorneroftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.④Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.①Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.②Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonese④Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.⑤Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.⑥Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.①Newspapersare ingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.②Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.③Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).④InJapantheproportionis35%.⑤Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuorestable.①Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspapersareleastdisttive.②Carandfilmreviewershavegone.③Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.④Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.⑤Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.⑥Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Line3,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspapers.［A］neglectedthesignof［B］failedtogetstate［C］werenotcharitable［D］wereinadesperateSomenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause［A］readersthreatenedtopay［B］newspaperswantedtoreduce［C］journalistsreportedlittleaboutthese tivenessisanessentialfeatureof［B］Completenessistoblameforthefailureof［C］Foreignbureausyacrucialroleinthenewspaper［D］Readershavelosttheir arandfilmThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe［D］AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStoryText3①WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediayfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.①Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.②DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.①Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.②ThephrasewholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.③ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothan①Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthanalot.②Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.③Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood—materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.④Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.①TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller—two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet—thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.②Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentofthe artsopopularatthetime.①Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.②Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses—usuallyaround1,200squarefeet—thanthespreadingtwo-storeyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedthe［C］restraintand［D］prideandWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3about［A］ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvander［B］ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWar［C］MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwith［D］IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanMiesheldthaeganceofarchitecturaldesign［A］wasrelatedtolarge［C］wasnotreliantonabundant［D］wasnotassociatedwithWhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShore［A］Theyignoreddetailsand［B］Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthat［C］Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboring［D］Theysharedsomecharacteristics Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudy［A］Mechanicaldeviceswerewidely［B］Naturalscenesweretakeninto［C］Detailsweresacrificedfortheoverall［D］Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.Text4①WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?②Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlong③Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.①Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.②Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,which petitivemembersthequickfixof①YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.②Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonisationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonise.ernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.②Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginm andasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingfor ernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.③Finally,figuresclosetotheFrench ernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetition orporate-taxratesorlabour①ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.②Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.③Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.④Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat［A］ithasmoreorlesslostfaithin［B］evenitssupportersbegintofeel［C］someofitsmembercountriesntoabandon［D］itintendstodenythepossibilityofThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethe powers［A］arecompetingfortheleading［B］arebusyhandlingtheirown［C］failtoreachanagreementon［D］disagreeonthestepstowardsTosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat［A］EUfundsforpoorregionsbe［B］stricterregulationsbe［C］onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-［D］votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeTheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytoget［B］strict arywillbeappliedtopoor［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorich［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolRegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel2012年阅读④Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheir ofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.①Districtadministratorssaythat willstillbeapartofschooling；teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.②Butwith countingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheir andseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.③Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheir,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheir?④Itisquitepossiblethatthe helped.⑤Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,theimposesaflat,across-thrule.①Atthesametime,theaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestions .thedistrictfinds tobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.③Conversely,ifmatters，itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.④Meanwhile,thisdoesnothingtoensurethatthestudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject，orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.①Therulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducational,looksintothematndconductspublichearings.②ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodoright.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadays［A］isreceivingmore［B］isgainingmore［C］isnolongeraneducational［D］isnotrequiredforadvancedL.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleaboutmainlybecausepoor［A］tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheir［B］haveaskedforadifferenteducational［C］mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheir［D］havevoicedtheircomintsaboutAccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththeisthatit［A］resultinstudents’indifferencetotheirreport［B］ heauthorityofstate［C］restrictteachers’powerin［D］discouragestudents ng［C］ThornyQuestions［D］WrongInterpretationofanEducationalText2①Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.②Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.③Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamono-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.④Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.①Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheir ,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.②Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,setheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.③What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.④Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apasversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.⑤Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.⑥Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageand differencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcritical①Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,ludingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.②Takethetoddler.③Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.④Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.①Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdstepstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.②Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.③Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.④Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysaying“itis...therainbow”(Para.1),theauthormeans［A］cannotexingirls’lackof［B］shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’［C］shouldnotbethesolerepresentationof［A］theobservationofchildren’s［B］themarketingofproductsfor［C］researchesintochildren’s［D］studiesofchildhoodWemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised［A］classifyconsumersintosmaller［B］attachequalimportancetodifferent［C］focusoninfantwearandolderkids’［D］createsomecommonshoppers’Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls’attractiontopinkseemsto［A］fullyunderstoodbyclothing［B］clearlyexinedbytheirinborn［C］mainlyimposedbyprofit-driven［D］wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3①In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.②Companieshadwonpatentsforisolatedfordecades–by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.③ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.④Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.⑤TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.①OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.②Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGicscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman’sriskofbreastcancer.③ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,a inUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.①Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatalisedmedichecourtswillremainratherbusy.②TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotover.③Criticsmakethreemainargumentsgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents’monopoliesrestrictaccesstogictestssuchasMyriad’s.④Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.⑤Lastyearafederaltask-urgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogictests.⑥InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcotton①Despitetheappealscourt’sdecision，bigquestionsremainunanswered.②Forexample，itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholeg