阅读理解专题：主旨大意The+best+title+导学案 高三英语一轮复习

阅读理解专题：主旨大意/ThebesttitleStrategiesforquestionsofmainideasSample1:Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.（19年全国I卷D篇）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.Sample2:Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.（20年全国I卷D篇）Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants. B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces. D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.Sample3:Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.（21年全国I卷D篇）Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic. B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication. D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.Sample4:AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（22年全国I卷D篇）Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.Sample5:Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（22年全国甲卷D篇）Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.Mysummaryofstrategies:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sample1:GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.（18年全国I卷B篇）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLessSample2:Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.（19年全国I卷D篇）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessSample3:Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.（20年全国I卷D篇）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?Sample4:WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.（21年全国I卷C篇）Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStory B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHuntingSample5:Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（18年全国I卷C篇）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.Mysummaryofstrategies:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Geneticsisn'tallthatdriveshairloss.Longperiodsofstresscanreleasesignalsthatshockfollicles(毛囊)andforcethemintotherestingphaseprematurely.Somewomenexperiencethisafterchildbirth.Folliclesmightalsolosetheabilitytogointoanagen,thegrowthphase.Peoplegoingthroughchemotherapytreatment(化疗)temporarilyexperiencethis.Butwhilebaldingmaylookpermanent,scientificinvestigationhasrevealedtheopposite.Belowtheskin'ssurface,therootsthatgiverisetoourhairactuallyremainalive.Usingthisknowledge,scientistshavedevelopeddrugsthatshortentherestingphase,andforcefolliclesintoanagen.Otherdrugscombatmalepatternbaldnessbyblockingtheconversionoftestosterone(睾酮)toDHT,sothatitdoesn'taffectthosesensitivefollicles.Stemcellsalsoplayaroleinregulatingthegrowthcycle,andsoscientistsareinvestigatingwhethertheycanmanipulatetheactivityofthesecellstoencouragefolliclestostartproducinghairagain.Andinthemeantime,whilescientistshonetheirhair-revivingmethods,anyonegoingbald,orconsideringbaldness,canrememberthatthey'reingreatcompany.What’sthemainideaofthevideo?A.___________________________B.___________________________C.___________________________D.___________________________HomeworkInJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson'sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOSarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan'stop10best-sellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.What'sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.Linternadvisesreadinguponthenightskybeforesettingout.Freemobileapps,suchasStarWalk2,canhelpidentifycelestialbodiesandareeasytouse—simplypointyourphonesattheskytogetamap.WebsiteslikeSky&TelescopeandNASA'sSpacePlacecoverthebasics,havein-depthexplanationsforconstellations(星座),andofferadviceongearandequipment.What'sthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Someusefulmobileapps.B.Famouswebsitesabouthiking.C.Propersuggestionsonstarwalking.D.Basicknowledgeofequipmentforstargazing.Thoughthewaterssurroundingthesculpturesnowappearapristine(extremelyclean)blue,theseabedwasfilledwitholdboatengines,pipes,andotherhuman-madetrashwhentheprojectbeganaboutfouryearsago.Besidesremovingthetrash,Tayloralsorestoredthearea'sseagrass.Justonesquaremeteroftheseagrasscangenerateupto10litersofoxygendaily.Theseagrassalsohelpspreventcoastalerosion（侵蚀）andprovideshabitatsformanyoceancreatures.What'sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheprojectwasstarted.B.Howtheseagrasswasrestored.C.Whatrecoveryefforttheprojectmade.D.Whythesurroundingswereimproved.You'vemostlikelyheardthenewsbynow:Acar-commuting,desk-bound,TV-watchinglifestylecanbeharmfultoourhealth.Allthetimethatwespendrootedinthechairislinkedtoincreasedrisksofsomanydeadlydiseasesthatexpertshavenamedthismodern-dayhealthepidemicthe“sittingdisease".Sittingfortoolongslowsdownthebody'smetabolism(新陈代谢)andthewayenzymes(酶)breakdownourfatreserves,raisingbothbloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressure.Smallamountsofregularactivity,evenjuststandingandmovingaround,throughoutthedayisenoughtobringtheincreasedlevelsbackdown.Andthosesmallamountsofactivityaddup-30minutesoflightactivityintwoorthree-minuteburstscanbejustaseffectiveasahalf-hourblockofexercise.Butwithoutthatactivity,bloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressurekeepcreepingup,steadilydamagingtheinsideofthearteries(动脉)andincreasingtheriskofdiabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andotherseriousdiseases.Inessence,fundamentalchangesinbiologyoccurifyousitfortoolong.Butwait,you'rearunner.Youneedn'tworryabouttheharmofasedentarylifestylebecauseyouexerciseregularly,right?Well,notsofast.Recentstudiesshowthatpeoplespendanaverageof64hoursaweeksitting,whetherornottheyexercise150minutesaweekasrecommendedbyWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Regularexercisers,furthermore,arefoundtobeabout30percentlessactiveondayswhentheyexercise.Overall,mostpeoplesimplyaren'texercisingormovingaroundenoughtocounteractalltheharmthatcanresultfromsittingninehoursormoreaday.Scaredstraightoutofyourchair?Good.Theremedyisassimpleasstandingupandtakingactivitybreaks.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thechallengesofthemodernlifestyle.B.Thereasonsforthespreadofamodernepidemic.C.Theeffectofregularexerciseonourbody.D.Thethreattoourhealthfromlonghoursofsitting.Somepenguinsadapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspecies,includinghumans.LuigiBaciadonnaattheUniversityofTurin,Italy,andhiscoworkersrecordedAfricanpenguinsfromthreedifferentcolonies(群体)overthreeyears,andalsoobservedthebehavioralpatternsofoneofthecoloniestoseewhichpenguinswerepartnersorfriendly.Theythenanalyzedspecificvocal(声音的)calls,whichthepenguinsmadewhentheywerealoneortryingtokeeptrackoftheirfriends.Theycomparedfourdistinctvocalsignaturessuchasthefrequencyofthecalls.Thesignaturesbecamemoresimilarovertimeforpenguinsthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother'scalls.Thisadaptationcouldmakeiteasierforpenguinstofindtheirpartnersandfriendsinacolony.“Imaginethatyouareinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy,"saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcommunicationismoreeffective.”Theabilitytoadaptcallsinresponsetotheenvironment,knownasvocalaccommodation,isakeypartofvocallearning,amorecomplexsetofskillssuchasproducingnewsoundsthroughlearning.Identifyingwhichspeciesdisplayvocalaccommodationcouldprovidecluesforhowvocallearningdeveloped.Baciadonnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodationcouldhelpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.Thedistanceofpenguinsfromhumansontheevolutionarytreesuggeststhatvocalaccommodationcouldbecommontomanyspecies,butalotmoredataneedsgatheringfirst.“Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadapttheircallsslightly,butwedon'tknowthatyet,"saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Vocallearninginvolvesacomplexsetofskills.B.Vocalaccommodationhelpsbuildupsocialbonds.C.Penguinsproducesimilarsoundsevenindifferentcolonies.D.Penguinsadapttheiraccentstosoundmoreliketheirfriends.AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmod