剑桥商务英语词汇大全

...Unit1the3sectorsofeconomy经济的三个局部

Infrastructure根底构造Leanproduce精益生产Warehouse仓库Industrialunits

工业区Residentialbuilding

住宅区Agriculturalland

农耕区Housingestate

地产Managingdirector

董事总经理，总裁Wholesaleoutlet

批发商店Retailoutlet

零售店Calculationofprice

价格计算Addedvalue

增值Smelt

熔炼，提炼Mill

磨Weld

焊接Exworks

出厂价Upstream

上游Downstream

下游Totalpicture

全局Maintenance

保养，维修Bauxite

铝土矿Coil

线圈Cement

水泥Laborcost

劳力本钱Semi-finished

半成品Finishedproduct

成品Departmentofhealth卫生部Primarysector

第一产业Secondarysector

第二产业Tertiarysector

第三产业Rawmaterial

原材料Administration

管理Law

司法puting计算机操作Personnel

人事Distribute

分配，配送Healthcare

医疗卫生Logistics

物流Assemble

装配Disassemble

拆卸Assemblingline

生产线Ironore

铁矿石Divisionoflabor

劳动分工Heavyindustry

重工业Lightindustry

轻工业Marketing

市场营销Chainofmand

指挥系统，行政管理系统Coretechnology

核心技术Know-how

技术诀窍Labor-intensive

劳动密集型Technology-intensive

技术密集型Capital-intensive

资本密集型Hinterland

地，腹地Initialoutlay

初期投资Garments

服装Unit2management管理Manager’sjob=planning+organizing+leading+controllingAllocateresources

分配资源Payandpromotion

薪酬和晋升Modify

修正Linemanager

一线经理Immediatelinemanager

直接下属的一线经理Topmanager

高层经理Topmanagement

高层管理Middlemanagement

中层管理Supplier

供给商Publicauthorities

政府部门Beadvised

听取意见Distributor

分销商Swissfranc

瑞士法郎Appreciate

升值Depreciate

贬值ponentofeconomy

经济部门Goodwillresource

商誉Humanresource人力资源Naturalresource自然资源Marketshare

市场份额Monopolyin/of/on

垄断，专利品Managementskills

管理技能Managementtactics

管理技巧Decision-making

决策Boardofdirectors

董事会Chairmanoftheboard

董事长High-performancecar

高性能汽车Tangible/physicalresources

有形资源Capitalresources

资本资源Superior

上级Subordinate

下属Seniormanager

资深经理Juniormanager

初级经理Corporateculture

公司文化Checkandbalance

制衡Hardware

五金，硬件Monopoly/lock

垄断Interchangement

互换Solutionprovider

方案提供商Chainstore

连锁店Workexperience

工作经历Workinghour

工作时间Price

v.

定价；比价Chiefoperationoffice

首席运营官Operationmanagement

作业管理Financialmanagement

财务管理HRmanagement

人力资源管理Marketingmanagement

销售管理Logisticsmanagement

物流管理OTC=overthecounter

成药Arts

文科Science

理科Engineering

工科Simulate

仿造，模仿High-endproduct

高端产品Rockbottomprice

最低价Frills

虚饰Targetmarket

目标市场Empowerment

赋权Adhoc

特别，专门Taskforce

特遣部队，特别行动组Cashandassets

现金和资产Buffer=cushion

起缓冲作用的人或物Leeway

余地，余裕Product

产品Productivity

生产率Produce

生产；特产localproduce地方特产Delegation

代表团Corporatestatement=missionstatement

公司主旨Aim/vision

愿景Corporateimage

公司形象Forhere

堂食Togo

带走Focusgroup

焦点小组Innovation

创新，革新Manageable

可管理的，可处理的Setobjective

设置目标Safetynet

平安网Dismiss

解职，开除Expertise

专门技术Merchandise

商品，货物Verify

检验，核实IBM=InternationalBusinessMachinesTheretailsector

零售业Predescribedquantities

预先定好的数量Layout

布局Salesstaff销售人员Workingenvironment工作环境Day-to-daylogistics

日常物流，后勤Day-to-dayrunningofthestore

商店的日常运营Strategicmanagement

战略管理Formulatingstrategy

制定战略Delegation

授权Parameter

参数Highstreet=mainstreet

群众的〔商品〕Replenish→replenishment

〔货物的〕补充Membersofstaff

公司职员Voiceyourconsent抱怨Inventory=stock

库存Policy

保单〔acontractofinsurance〕Philosophy

理念Regularmeeting

例会，常规会议Accountability

问责性Unit3panystructure公司构造Recruitment

雇佣，招募Remuneration

报酬Departmentoflegalaffairs

法务部Purchase

采购部IT

信息技术部R&D

研发部Tooling

加工部Immediateboss

直接上司Immediatesubordinate

直接下属Autonomous

自制的Decentralization

分散化，权力下放，分权Function

功能Hierarchy

等级Lineauthority

直线职权Reportto

向……负责Subordinates

下属Matrix

矩阵Assistantmanager

助理经理Managerassistant

经理助理Functionalstructure

机能构造=production+finance+marketing市场营销+sales+personnel/HRLeadtime

订货交付时间Reorganization

改组Operatingdivision

运营段，运营分部Overlap

重叠mercialdivision

商业银行Privatebanking

私人理财Internationaldivision

国际银行Investmentdivision

投资银行Inherentproblem

固有的问题Productmanager

产品经理Marketsegment

市场细分Autonomy

自治权Priority

优先权Dimensional

四维基质的Salesforce

销售队伍mission

提成Optionalfeatures

可选功能，可选装置Cashbalance

现金平衡Creditfacility

信用工具Profitmargin

利益空间Researchanddevelopmentspending

研发投入Self-financing

使用自有资金，自筹资金Organizationchart

组织构造图Marketresearch

市场调研〔部〕Teller

出纳Advertisingandpromotion

广告与促销Publicity

宣传Industrialbelt

工业带Corporateethos

公司风气Collaboration

协作Insulated=isolated

隔绝的Fragmentation

分裂Subsidiary

分公司Openness

开放性Downsizing

裁员Downturn

下滑Recession

衰退Chieffinancialofficer

财务总监

Unit4workandmotivation工作和动机Induce

劝诱，促使Incentive

动力，刺激Laborrelations

劳资关系Laborunion

工会Benefit

福利，津贴Perk

津贴，补贴Supplement

额外费用Bureaucracy

官僚主义Jobsafety

工作平安性Jobsecurity

工作稳定性Salespromotion

促销Remuneration

薪水Psychologicalwell-being

心理满足Administration

行政管理Workingcondition

工作条件Paidholiday

带薪假日Sickpay

病假工资Pension

养老金Psychologyofwork

工作心理学Recognition

认可，成认Checkouttill

结账柜台的现金出纳机Checkout

结账柜台Till

现金出纳机Cashtill

收银台Cashregister

收银处Productline

生产线Productline-up

产品系列User-friendly

易于使用的Goround

分配Creaturefort

物质享受Interface

界面程序Annualbonus

年度奖金Corporateculture

公司文化=values价值观+beliefs信条+norms标准Dead-endjob

没前途的工作Stockorder=replenishment

货物补充Hygiene

卫生Playpool

打台球Healthscreeningprogram

安康检查Salesfloor

店面Tradefloor

交易所Busdepot

汽车总站Profit-sharingprogramme

收益分享Careertraining

职业培训Workingweek

工作周Pre-schoolagechildren

学前儿童Premise

工作场所Subsidize

补贴Tinnedfood

罐装食物Pieceworksystem

计件系统Payscheme

薪酬方案Unit5managementandculturaldiversity管理与文化多样性Localization

本地化Globalization

全球化Pay-for-performance

绩效工资Collectivist

集体主义的Salesrep

商品经销代理Universalist

普爱论者Particularist

排他主义者Glocalization

全球地方化Multinational

跨国公司Unit6recruitment招聘Applicant

申请人Application

申请Applicationform

申请表Candidate

候选人Curriculumvitae=resume

简历Employmentagency

职介机构Jobdescription

职责描述Jobvacancy

职务空缺Reference

推荐信Short-list

列入最后候选Coveringletter=coverletter

附函Givenotice

预先通知〔辞退〕Aformofheadhunters

猎头公司Followup

跟进Preliminaryselection

初选Testimonials

证明书，推荐书Synchronizedsewing

同步缝纫Traineeship

培训Referee

介绍人，推荐人Controllingstake

控股权Contingency

意外事件Contingencyplan

应变方案Contingencyfund

以外开支准备金Corepetence

核心竞争力Homeprovider

持家者Stereotype

成见Maternityleave

产假Sickpay

病假Thetrade

同行Tradeunion=laborunion

工会Workingclass

无产阶级，工薪族Child-bearing

Child-rearingAffirmativeaction

倾向性法案Positivediscrimination

积极差异Corporateaffairs

公司事务Allowances

津贴，补贴Unit7laborrelationship劳资关系Tradeunion=laborunion

工会Motorway

高速公路Collectivebargaining

集体谈判Go-slow=slowdown

怠工Working-to-rule

按章工作Industrialaction

劳工行动Picket

纠察Rateofproduction

生产速率Premises

企业的房屋建筑及附属场地Outsource

外包Subcontract

转包Subcontractor

承包商Outofhouse

机构外部的In-house

机构部的Backstreet

偏僻街道Bill

开出账单，收取费用Stafflevels

人员配备情况Bargainingpower

议价权Conglomerate

联合大公司，企业集团Arch-rival

主要竞争对手Penaltypoint

违章扣分记录Pay-as-you-go

打多少交多少话费Auditor

审计员Adversary

对手，敌手Workinghours

gongzuoshijWorkingpractices工作惯例Uneconomicjob

不赚钱的工作Tyranny

专制Deregulation

解除管制Workforce

劳动力Publicsector

共有部门Unit8production生产Flexibleproductionline

柔性生产线Trade-off

妥协，协调，平衡Opportunitycost

时机本钱Sunkcost

漂浮本钱Rawmaterials

原材料Semi-finished

半成品Finished

成品Productdefect

质量缺陷Excesscapacity

剩余产能Fixedcost

固定本钱Variablecost

可变本钱Cashflow

现金流Informationflow

信息流Materialflow

物料流Logistics

物流Lostsales

销售损失Marketshare

市场份额Productionrun

生产周期Mother-board

主板Harddisc

硬盘Chip

芯片Chassis

〔汽车〕底盘Callcenter

呼叫中心OEM=originalequipmentmanufacter

设备原产商，贴牌制造商Leanproduction

精益生产=stocklessproduction

零库存生产=JIT=just-in-timeproduction

准时制生产=continuousflowmanufacture

连续流程生产PPM=piecepermillion

每百万件瑕疵率Continuousimprovement=kaizen=kaizan

改善哲学Demingcycle=PDCA=plan-do-check-act

德明环ERP=enterpriseresourcesplanning

企业资源方案Scientificoutlook

科学开展观Noslack

无松懈，无容余Hi-fi=highfidelity

高保真Wi-fi=wirelessfidelity

无线保真Operationmanager

操作经理，运营经理Leadtime

交付时间，订货到收货时间间隔Outsourcing=contractingout

外包Plant

工厂Subcontractor

承包商，分包商Economiesofscale

规模经济Handling

搬运Depreciation

贬值Set-up

机器设置Obsolescence过时，废弃Theft

盗窃，偷盗Breakage

破损Leakage

渗漏Under-utilizing

开工缺乏Defective

次品Quantitydiscount

大宗购置折扣Stimulatedemand

刺激需求Sabotage

蓄意破坏Throughput

生产量，加工阶段Throughputtime

输入到输出的加工阶段所需时间Productmix

产品组合Productline

产品系列，产品线Productrange

产品围QCdepartment=qualitydepartment

质量部Knock-on

附带效果，间接影响，累积效果Knock-oneffect

连续反响Circuitboard

电路板Implant

植入Transplant

移植Refineprocess

完善Refinery

精炼厂TQM=Totalqualitymanagement

全面质量管理Assembling

组装Distribute

分销Equipment

设备，〔企业除了房产以外的〕固定资产Facility

设备Jointventure

合资企业Location

位置，选址Operation

操作，运营Parts

零件Recall

召回Storage

贮藏〔量〕Workinprocess

正在进展的工作Unit9products产品Launchaproduct

发布产品Brandloyalty

品牌忠诚度Brandawareness

品牌知名度Brandpreference

品牌偏爱度Brandswitcher

转换不同牌子的人Productline

产品线Productline-up

全系列产品Productmix

产品组合〔一种产品的不同形式〕Productrange

产品围PLC=Productlifecycle

产品生命周期Niche

缝隙Nichemarket

缝隙市场Line-stretching

产品线的扩展Linefilling

产品系列的填补Marketsegment

细分市场Segmentationofthemarket

市场细分High-endmarket

高端市场Low-endmarket

低端市场Up-market

向高端市场Down-market

向低端市场Productimage

产品形象Corporateimage

公司形象Shelflife

货架期，存活期Sell-bydate

销售期限Expirationdate=expiredate

产品有效期Eye-soreAroundtheclock

24小时营业Portion

一客Dehydrate

使脱水Shareholder=stockholder

股东Stakeholder

利益一致者，风险共担体制Logo

标志Slogan

口号Servicestation

〔高速公路旁的〕效劳站Desktopmachine

台式机器Financing

融资Economics

经济情况，经济因素Colorscheme

色彩主题，色彩搭配Creditfacility

信用工具Warranty=guarantee

保修Maintenance

维修保养After-salesservice

售后效劳Brandname

品牌Brand

商标，牌子Shelfspace

货架空位Productdevelopment

产品研发Profitability

利润率Vendingmachine

自动售货机Prototype

原型，雏形Augmented

扩的Delivery

交货，交付Initiative

主动积极性Marketshare

市场份额，市场占有率Multi-brandstrategy

多品牌策略Vandalize

蓄意损坏公物Retailer

零售商Colgate

高露洁Philips

飞利浦Procter&Gamble

宝洁Unilever

联合利华Yamaha

雅马哈Unit10marketing市场营销Marketingmix市场营销组合，营销要素组合=product+promotion+price+place

Promotion

促销=advertising+wordofmouth+publicrelations+pointofsaleMarketing=advertising广告+personalselling人员推销+salespromotion促销+publicityandpublicrelations宣传和公共关系Optional

选择〔配置〕Standard

标准〔配置〕Personalselling

人员推销Directmarketing

直销Directmail

直邮Businessmarket=producermarket=industrial

商务市场，生产资料市场Consumermarket

消费市场Listprice

标价=suggestedretailprice=remendedretailprice

建议零售价Managementconsulting

管理咨询Tierange

领带系列Texture

质地Lycra

莱卡Takeremedialaction

采取补救措施Qualitativeanalysis

定性分析Quantitiveresearch

定量分析Internalresearch

局部析Raw/primary/first-handdata

一手数据Secondary/second-handdata

二手数据Academicjournal

学术期刊Tradejournal

行业期刊Winetestingsession

品酒会Sample

v.尝试，品尝Distributionchannel

分销渠道，配送渠道Marketresearch=marketingresearch

市场研究，市场调研Centrality

集中性Console

控制台Focusgroup

焦点小组Headoffice

公司总部Marketopportunity

市场时机Integration

整合Marketer

营销人员Publicity

宣传Questionnaire

调查问卷Salespromotion

促销活动Selling

推销Targetcustomer

目标顾客Hard-sell

硬性推销Marketsegmentation

市场细分Pointofsale

销售点Productconcept

产品概念Productfeatures

产品功能Salesrepresentative

销售代理B2B=businesstobusiness

企业对企业Sellingconcept

销售概念Marketingconcept

行销概念Differentialadvantage

差异优势Integratedmarketing

整合营销Discount

折扣Paymentperiod

Creditterms

信用调侃Productmanager

产品经理Brandmanager

品牌经理Annualreport

年报Unit11advertising广告Advertisingaccount

广告客户Advertisingagent

广告公司Advertisingcampaign

广告宣传，广告攻势Brief

摘要Budget

预算mercial

播送或电视广告parative-paritymethod

相对平等方法，比拟奇偶方法Costperthousand=CPM

每一千个本钱Counter-cyclicaladvertising

非循环的广告Diminishingreturns

收益递减Exposure

暴露Frequency

频率Institutionaladvertising

机构广告=prestigeadvertising

声望广告Mediaplan

媒体方案Mediaspace

媒体空间Message

讯息，广告词OTS=opportunitytosee

可见时机Prospectivecustomer

潜在顾客Salesrevenue

销售收入Sponsorship

赞助Targetmarket

目标市场Thresholdeffect

门槛效应Turnover

流通量，营业额，周转Word-of-mouthadvertising

口口相传，口碑Billboard=hoarding

广告牌Classifiedadvertisement

分类广告Paidadvertising

付费广告Advertisingstrategy

广告策略Poster

海报Purchasingfrequency

购置平率Buyerturnover

新入场客户Match

追平Excessiveadvertising

过度广告Voiceover

画外音Unit12promotionaltools促销工具Promotiontools

促销工具=advertising

广告+personalselling人员推销+salespromotion提升销量+publicrelations

公共关系Brandawareness

品牌知名度Brandloyalty

品牌忠诚度Coupon

优惠券Introductionstage

引入期Growthstage

增长期，上升阶段Maturitystage

成熟期Declinestage

衰退期，下降阶段Lossleader

特价商品Planning

方案Positioning

定位Price-conscious

对价格敏感的Salesforce

销售队伍Salespeople

售货员Sample

样品Trial

尝试Freetrial

免费试用Publicity

宣传Paidadvertising

付费广告Novelproduct

新产品Aim

指向Reduction降价Rebate

回扣Promotionalstrategy

促销策略Promotionaltactic

促销技巧Reduced-pricepack

经济装Distributor

分销商Retailer

零售商Dealer

代理商Off-season

淡季Unit13accountingandfinancialstatements会计和财务报表Accountancy

会计师Accountant

会计师Accountingequation

会计恒等式Accounting

会计学Accrue

自然增加Accruedexpenses

应计费用Accumulate

累计Amortization

摊销Annualreport

年度报告Appreciate

增值Auditing

审计Bookkeeping

簿记Capitalization

资本化Cashflow

现金流Costaccounting

本钱会计Creativeaccounting

粉饰财务状况Credit

信用，贷方Creditors债权人=accountspayable

应付账款Debit

借方Debt

债务Debtors债务人=accountsreceivable

应收账款Depreciation

折旧Dividend

股息，红利Double-entrybookkeeping

复式簿记，复式记账法Earnings

收益Expenditure

支出，花费Expenses

费用，开支Financialstatement

财务决算，财务报表Finishedproducts

成品，产品Fixedassets

固定资产Currentassets

流动资产Goingconcern

持续经营Goodwill

商誉Ine

收益Interest

利息Longtermliabilities

长期负债Currentliabilities

流动负债，短期负债Managerialaccounting

管理会计Marketcapitalization

市场资本化Nominalvalue

票面价值Marketvalue

市场价值Quantify

量化Retainedearnings

留存收益Revenue

〔销售〕收入Selfproprietorship

独资企业Shareholder=stockholder

股东Stock=inventory

库存Liabilityfortax

税务负担Transaction

交易Managerialaccounting

管理会计Taxaccounting

税务会计Costaccounting

本钱会计Preparebudget

编制预算Financialreport

财务报表Value

v

定价Ine&expenditure

收入和支出Debits&credits

借与贷Assets&liabilities

资产与负债Unitcost

单位本钱Auditing

审计IRS=InternalRevenueService

美国税务署Taxauthority

税务局CPA=CertificatedPublicAccountant

注册会计师Fileataxreturn

报税Inetaxreturn

所得税表Inetax

所得税Salestax销售税Self-proprietorship

个体户Partnership

合伙，合股Taxbreak

减免税Turnover

销售收入，总收入Chargedagainstprofits

从利润中扣除Oncredit

赊账Overheads=overhead

固定费用Variablecost

可变本钱Shareholder=stockholder

股东Payliabilities

偿债Purchaseprice

购置价Depreciationcharge

折旧费Understate

低估Overstate

高估Inflation

通货膨胀Deflation

通货紧缩Historicalcostaccounting

历史本钱会计Netbookvalue

净账面价值=purchasevalue–depreciationchargeCurrentcostaccounting

时价会计Replacementcostaccounting

重置本钱会计Specify

v.规定Profitandlossaccount=inestatement

损益表(showsearnings&expenditure,i.e.turnover+costs+expensed+overheads)Balancesheet

资产负债表(showsfinancialsituationonparticulardate,i.e.assets+long-term&short-termliabilities+shareholder’sfunds)Financialyear

财政年度Assets

资产=debtors/accountsreceivable+intangibleassetsIntangibleassets

无形资产=patents专利+goodwill商誉+copyrights+trademarks商标Liabilities

负债=creditors/accountpayableLong-termliabilities=loans贷款+bonds债券Short-termliabilities=taxes+interests利息Assets=liabilities+owners’equity资本主权，业主产权〔股东对资产清偿所有债务之后剩余价值的所有权〕Assets-liabilities=owners’equity/netassets净资产Sharecapital

股本，股份资本Sharepremium=paid-insurplus

股份溢价〔超过股票票面价值的所得〕Marketcapitalization

市场资本总值，市场资本总额Reserves

储量profit→taxation,dividend,retainedprofitFundsflowstatement

资金流量表Sourceandapplicationoffundsstatement

资金来源和应用表Statementofchangesinfinancialposition

财务状况变动报表Consolidatedfinancialstatement

合并财务报表IAS=InternationalAccountingStandards国际会计标准Cashandcashequivalentsatbeginningofperiod

期初现金Netcashfromoperatingactivities

运营净现金Netprofit

净利润Retainedearnings

留存收益Non-currentassets

非流动资产Pre-paidexpenses

预付费用Treasuryshares

回购股票Translationdifferences

折算差Deferredtaxliabilities

递延税负债Interest-bearingliabilities

有息贷款VAT=valueaddedtax

增值税Associatedpany

关联公司Minorityinterests

少数股权Proceeds

所得收入Unit14banking银行业务Personalbanking

个人银行业务Cashcard

现金卡，借记卡Creditcard

信用卡Cashdispenser=ATM=automatictellermachine自动取款机，自动柜员机Homebanking

家庭银行〔网银+银行〕Loan

贷款Mortgage

抵押贷款，按揭Overdraft=overdraw

透支Currentaccount=checkingaccount

活期账户Depositaccount=timeaccount=noticeaccount

定期账户Standingorder=directdebit

长期委托书Thebankingindustry

银行业mercialbank=retailbank

商业银行，零售银行Foreigncurrency

外币Foreignexchange

外汇Spread=margin

差额Credit

借贷Note

纸币Cheque=check

支票Coin

硬币Yield&risk收益与风险Liquidity

资产流动性Maturity

到期Investmentbank=merchantbank

投资银行Issuesecurities

发行证券Underwritesecurities

包销，分销证券Merger

并购Takeover

收购，接收Stockbroker

股票经纪人Portfoliomanagement

投资组合Feeandmission

佣金Universalbank

综合银行Centralbank

中央银行Minimuminterestrate

最低利率Discountrate

贴现利率Bluechipborrower

蓝筹公司Baserate=primerate

根本利率Creditstanding=creditrating=creditworthiness

信用评价Solvency

偿付能力Collateral

抵押品，担保物Foreignbank

外国银行，外资银行Eurocurrency

外国持有的欧洲货币Petrodollar

石油美元Unit15stocksandshares股票Unlimitedliability无限责任Limitedliability有限责任Creditor债权人Legalentity法律实体Woundup中止Liquidate清算Venturecapital风险投资MemorandumofAssociation=CertificateofIncorporation公司执照ArticleofAssociation=bylaws公司条令Director董事Publiclistedpany=listedpany=Publiclyquotedpany上市公司Shareholder=stockholder股东Registrarofpanies公司登记处Over-the-countermarket场外交易市场AlternativeInvestmentMarket(London)另类投资市场NasdaqBequoted=belisted上市Stockexchange股票交易所Issueshare发行股票FirstPublicOffering=IPO=Makeaflotation=floatapany首次公开募股Investmentbank投资银行Underwritetheissue包销Rightsissue权利股发行Capitalize资本化Bonusissue红股发行AnnualGeneralMeeting=AnnualMeetingofStockholders股东年会Residualvalue残留价值Liquidation清算Secondarymarket二级市场Nominalvalue=facevalue=parvalue票面价值Share=stock=equity股票Bluechip蓝筹Defensivestock防御性股票Growthstock成长性股票Insidershare-dealing部交易Institutionalinvestor机构投资者Mutualfund互惠基金，互利基金Market-maker造市商Portfolio组合投资Stockbroker股票经纪人Cyclicaltrend周期性趋势Pensionfund养老基金Insurancepany保险公司Unit16bonds债券Obligation负债Opportunitycost时机本钱Issuebonds发行债券Bluechippany蓝筹公司Rate评价，估值Ratingpany评估公司Standard&Poors标准普尔Investmentgrade投资评级Bearercertificate不记名债券Primarymarket一级市场Secondarybondmarket二级债券市场Liquid变现的Par面值Coupon息票Debtfinancing负债融资Equityfinancing股票融资Taxshield税收挡避Debt-equityratio负债与权益比率Receipts收入Gilt-edgedsecurities金边证券Treasurybond长期国库债券Short-termtreasurybill短期国库券Circulation流通Redeem赎回Convertiblebond可转换债券Junkbond垃圾债券Unit17futuresandderivativesFutures期货交易，期货合约Financialasset金融资产Option期权modities大宗商品Derivatives衍生物Hedging对冲，套期保值Speculation投机(Writea)Calloption看涨期权Putoption看跌期权Discountstore打折店Spotmarket现货市场Futuresmarket期货市场Forwardcontract远期合约Premium溢价Exchangerate汇率Interestrate利率LondonInternationalFinancialFuturesExchange=LIFFE伦敦国际金融期货交易所Exerciseprice=strikeprice执行价Swap掉期Currencyswap外汇掉期Interestrateswap利率掉期Preferentialrate优惠汇率Profitandlossaccount损益表SecuritiesandExchangemission=SEC证券交易管理委员会InternationalSwapsandDerivativesAssociation=ISDA国际掉期与衍生物协会Enduser最终用户Corporategovernance公司监管Stop-losslimit止损点Scenarioanalysis情景分析Sensitivityanalysis敏感度分析Frontlinepersonnel一线人员Policevt.监管Codeofconduct行为规Unsolicited主动提供的Shootthroughthefloor涨疯了Unit18marketstructureandpetitionDurableconsumergoods耐用消费品Marketleader市场领导者Marketfollower市场跟从者Marketchallenger市场挑战者Marketshare市场份额Marketsegmentation市场细分Differentialadvantage差异又是Uniquesellingpoint=USP独特卖点Submarket刺激市场Potentialcustomer潜在客户Barriertoentry进入门槛Cartel卡特尔Dominant-firmoligopoly寡头垄断Economiesofscale规模经济Monopolisticpetition垄断竞争Monopoly垄断Monopsony买家垄断Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Oligopoly寡头垄断Perfectpetition完全竞争Homogenous同类的，同质的Publicutility公用事业Marginalcost边际本钱Unit19takeovers,mergersandbuyouts

Mergersandacquisition并购Backwardintegration向后合并Forwardintegration向前合并Horizontalintegration横向合并Verticalintegration纵向合并Innovate创造创造Diversify多样化Raid企图收购Takeover收购出价Politics权术，勾心斗角Optimum最适宜的Scanningelectronmicroscope扫描电子显微镜Craftsmanship技术，技艺Leica莱卡World-classplayer世界级的玩家，世界级角色Rightsize

精简机构人员，合理简化Onaday’snotice提前一天通知Onshortnotice突然Leveragedbuyouts=LBO杠杆收购Managementbuyout=MBO管理层收购Synergy协同Asset-stripping资产剥离Equitycapital股本Junkbond

垃圾债券UNIT20efficiencyandemploymentputerization计算机化Flexibility灵活性Publicservices公共效劳Self-employment

自我雇佣Decentralization分权Freetrade自由贸易Job-sharing工作分享Rationalization精简增效Deregulation解除管制Productivity生产效率Restructuring重组Structuralchange构造改变Welfare

福利Monetarypolicy货币政策Privaterentsector私人租赁市场Downturn下滑Recession衰退Tenure任期Downsizing减员AgencyemploymentRhetoric说辞Receivedwisdom流行观点Unemploymentbenefit失业救济Sack辞退Jobinsecurity工作不稳定性Employability可雇佣性Structuralunemployment构造性失业Frictionalunemployment摩擦性失业Cyclicalunemployment周期性失业Structuralshift构造性改变Jobretentionrate工作留用率UNIT21BusinesscycleClassicaleconomictheory古典经济理论Welfarecapitalism福利资本主义Vitality活力Perfectpetition完全竞争，自由竞争Freeenterprise自由市场Well-being幸福Unit22theroleofgovernmentMarketforces市场力量HealthDepartment卫生部NationalHealthService全民医疗Undercurrent潜流Goodsociety良性社会Stateaction国家行为Healthcare医疗效劳Underclass底层Theaffluent富人Plannedeconomy方案经济Centraleconomicplanning中央经济规划Intervention干预Coerce

vt.强迫Mortician殡葬业者Ahostof很多Disposeof用掉，用光Industry实业DepartmentofTradeandIndustry=DTI贸易工业部Unit23centralbanking,moneyandtaxationFiscalpolicy财政政策Monetarypolicy货币政策Openmarketoperation开放市场操作Bankrun挤兑Liquidityratio现金比率Branchofthegovernment政府部门Budgetarypolicy预算政策Budgetdeficit预算赤字USFederalReserve美联储Pricestability价格稳定，物价稳定Declare〔海关〕申报Levytaxat…对……征税Inetax所得税Directtax直接税Indirecttax间接税Value-addedtax增值税Regressivetax递减税Progressivetax递增税Salestax销售税Capitalgainstax资本所得税Capitaltransfertax资本转移税Wealthtax财富税Taxevasion逃税，漏税Taxavoidance避税Governmentexpenditure政府支出Exciseduties消费税，国货物税Corporationtax公司税Marginalrate边际率Blackeconomy=undergroundeconomy黑色经济，地下经济，非法经济Moonlighting兼差Self-employed自雇Familyfirm家庭企业Grossnationalproduction=GNP国民生产总值Loophole漏洞Lifeinsurance人寿保险Taxshelter减免税收合法手段Taxloss负税亏损Capitalexpenditure资本支出，根本建立费用Moneylaundering洗钱Unit24exchangerates外汇利率TheBrettonWoodsagreement布雷顿森林体系Fixedexchangerate固定利率Floatingexchangerate浮动利率Pegagainst挂钩Promissorynote本票InternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织Devaluation贬值Revaluation升值GoldconvertibilityFreely/cleanfloatingexchangerate清洁浮动利率Managed/dirtyfloatingexchangerate管制/肮脏浮动利率Purchasingpowerparity=PPP购置力平价Convertiblecurrency可兑换货币Europeanmonetarysystem=EMS欧洲货币体系Spread差价ExchangeRateMechanism=ERM汇率机制Sterling