常见蛇伤类型及急救方式

常见蛇伤类型及急救方式（Typesofsnakebiteandthefirstaid）"Oncebitten,twiceshyoftenyears",thefolksayingtheexpressionofpeople'sfearofsnakebite.ItisunderstoodthatChina'stenmajorcommonsnakesinclude:cobracobra,cobra,kraitBungarus,hydrophiidae;seasnake,Viperviperine;ViperidaeAgkistrodonacutus,viper(Agkistrodonacutus),bamboosnake(commonlyknownasZhuyeqing),ironhead(turtlesnake)etc..Agenerallovetoliveinamildclimate,hiddenplaces,suchasbushes,rocks,weeds,stream,pond,ornearwater,arecommonplacetohidesnakes,insomefolklegendsinChina,oftencanseesnakesareafraidofrealgardescription,lettheWhiteSnakeLegendhadmaleYellowWinesheistheprototype.Suchalegendhassometruth,"becausesnakeshavesomeirritatingsubstancesandpoisonoussubstances,suchasrealgar,sulfur,dichlorvos,limepowder,etc.,areafraidtoapproach."."Therefore,touriststotheedgeofthemountainhotel,resorttopreventburglarysnakeswounding,willoftenremoveweeds,rocksaroundthehouseheap,andblockedthecave,deratize.Becausethegrassandstoneandotherplacesareinsects,ants,lizards,micebreedingandroostingplace,withmanycavesprovidesplentyoffood,andhidingplaceforsnakes,snakeswilllovehere,cleanupthesurroundingenvironment,canreducethechanceofburglarysnakeswounding.Inaddition,youcanalsosprinklearoundthehouserealgar,sulfur,limepowder,etc.,sothatsnakesdarenotapproach,toavoidsnakeinvasion.Farmers,workerscanalsobegreeninthehandsandfeetwithrealgar,sulfur,usedtostampedeviper.Whentraveling,clothingtomakeappropriateprotection,notonlywearsandalsinshorts,payattentiontotheroad",witharope,actrashlyandalerttheenemy",aknifeedgedneedle,snakemedicine,matches,tosavewhennecessary,andshouldmastersomesnake-biteself-helpknowledgebeforedeparture.Nowlet'sintroducebriefly:Identificationandroutinetreatmentofvenomoussnakebite1,theironhead:Thenameofdrytaroseedlings.Initialimpressionofteeth..Shape,laterinto"eight"type.Thewoundwasbadlyburned,painfulandunbearable,andsoonchangedtopurple.Woundaroundthered,swollen,stiff,tenderness,neartheblisters,XuepaoorYuban,oftenaccompaniedbynearbylymphnodeswelling.Asmallnumberofseverepatientsmayexperiencebleedingfromthewound.Therearedizziness,vertigo,blurredvision,drowsiness,nausea,vomiting,chillsandfever.Theremaybeseverefacialsubcutaneoushemorrhage,bleeding,hematemesis,hematochezia,hematuria,dyspnea,hypotension,shock,hazyconsciousnesstocoma,oftendiedofacuterenalfailureandcirculatoryfailure.Livinghabits:Livingatanaltitudeof200mabovethehillsandmountains,manyresidentialhabitatintheBush,fromtheforest,nearthemountainstreamandfirewoodpileorincrevices,wasfoundtoenterthetownorfishingwithfirewood.Goodatclimbingtrees.Localroutinetreatment:(1)ligation;(2)rinsingthewound;(3)acupuncturedetoxification;(4)burnwound;(5)localinjectionofantisnakevenomdrugs.2,yinhuanshe:Neurotoxic.Poisoningisk-bungarotoxinblockingnervemusclejointcausedby.Theoverallperformanceofmotornerve-skeletalmuscleconductionfunction.Thetoothmarkisusuallytwoneedlepoints..Type.Localsymptomsarenotobvious,onlyitchingandnumbness.Thewoundisnotred,swellingorpain.1-6hoursafterthebitetodizziness,vertigo,blurredvision,muscleandjointpain,limbweakness,rapiddeteriorationcausedbyrespiratorymuscleparalysis,leadingtobreathingdifficulties,orevenstopbreathing.Afterthebiteofthepatientsenseofmuscleweakness,ophthalmoplegiaandptosis,diplopia,blurredvision,eyefixation,mydriasis,facialmuscles,mouthandpharyngealswallowingdifficulties.Followingparalysisdevelopstothebody,causingrespiratorymuscleparalysis,leadingtobreathingdifficulties.Therespirationgraduallyslowsdownandbecomesshallow,abdominalbreathing,andevencessationofrespiratorymovement.Inastateofparalysis.Tendonreflexmuscleparalysisdisappears,thelastistoemusclesparalysis.Afterthebite,conscious,afterthecessationofbreathing,consciousnesscanstillexisthalfaday,consciousnessisearlierthantheresumptionofbreathing.Thesensationgraduallylosesafterbreathingceases,andthehearingdisappears.Respiratoryparalysisandspontaneousrespiratoryarrestarethemajorcausesofdeath.Livinghabits:Inhabitsplainandhillyareaswherewaterisabundant.Foundinthelowhills,hillside,roadside,ridge,river,stonepestle,garden,residentialcornerswerebelongtonocturnalsnakes.Duringtheday,thewall,Yutianlurkingattheridgeofthecave,stonepestle,nightouthunting,dawnreturnedtothecave.Moresensitivetotheoutsideworld,peopleslightlyalarmed,willattackaction,andgoodatopeningbites.Localroutinetreatment:Afterthebite,thelocalfirewasgivenimmediately,thenthewoundwascut,andthevenomwassuckedoutbynegativepressuresuction,whilethelocalinjectionofthetoxicsolutionwasinjected.3.Cobra:Dentalimpression..Ortriangular.Thewoundispainfulandhaslittlebleeding.Itisquicklyclosedwithpurpleorblackspots.Thecenterofthewoundisnumbandallergic.Theskinaroundtherapidlyswelling,blisters,localtissuenecrosis,xuepao.Canformulcer,permanently,evencauseosteomyelitis.Inthirtyminutesafterthebiteornotlaterthanfourhoursoutofgeneralmalaise,chillsandfever(temperaturecanbeashighas39-40DEGC),nauseaandvomiting,abdominalpain,salivation,sweatingandothersymptomsofblurredvision.Severepoisoningcausedsystemiccirculatoryfailure,respiratoryparalysis,cardiacarrestandrespiratoryarrest.Livinghabits:Livingnearinplain,hillyandmountainscrub,bambooforest,hillsidetomb,atthefootofthemountaincreekwater,fishpond,paddyfields,roadsandresidential,nocturnity.ThecobraandtheZhoushansubspecieswhenprovokednotvenom,butthevenomwillbefar23msubspeciesinbangladesh.Localroutinetreatment:Cobrabitesgenerallydeepwounds,detoxificationamountofmore,withthegeneralsuperficialskinfireburningmethod,lessthanthepurposeofpoisoning.Becausethebleedingisnottoxic,canbeimmediatelywoundforlongitudinalincision,localsuctionnegativepressuremethodwithvenom,whilegivingthelocalinjectionofdrugdetoxification.Inordertoreducethedegreeoflocalnecrosis,ligationisnotgenerallyadvocated4,bambooleavesgreen:Thetipofthetoothissimilartothatoftheneedle..Like,laterbecome"eight"type.Afterthebitewoundpain,burning,andtender.Localswellingcanbespreadtoheart.Oftenthebloodblisters,ecchymosis,severeulceration,occasionalwoundbleeding,locallymphnodeswelling.Showedmildersymptoms,dizziness,vertigo,onlydrowsiness,nauseaandvomiting.Afewpatientshaveseveremucosalbleeding,hematemesis,hematochezia.Lowermortality.Generalday2-3symptomsgraduallysubsided,withoutsequelae.Butifitbitestheheadandneck,itcancauseseriousasphyxiaandlife-threatening.Localroutinetreatment:(1)ligation;(2)rinsingthewound;(3)acupuncturedetoxification;(4)burnwound;(5)localinjectionofantisnakevenomdrugs.5,thekingcobra:Activeoffensivesnakes,diurnal,extremelyferocious,shapethick,length36m,istheworld'slargestvenomoussnakes,whenattackinguppredecessoruptoameterhigh,angrysprayveryvirulentandupto45mfar,thebitesitecanoccurinanypartofthebody,trunkbiteisnotrare.Thegeneraltoothmarks2,pitchin1.5cmabove,toothmarkispurpleblack,ecchymosisaround.Thelocaldramabegantobiteoutofpain,thirtyminutesofdizziness,vertigo,ptosis,blurredvision,salivation,nausea,vomiting,dyspnea,andparalysis,respiratorydepression,cyanosis,finallydiedofrespiratoryandcardiacarrest.Becauseofitslargequantityanddetoxificationandstrongtoxicity,biteaftertheincidenceofacutepoisoning,rapiddevelopment,toooftensenttothehospitaldied,Guangxifoundbitten5minutesdeaths,Guangdongalsoreported3minutesbitedead,themortalityisahighestofallkindsofsnakebitessnake.Livinghabits:Livingintheplainstotheelevationof1000mmountainforest,thebackofthebodycanbewrappedaroundthebranches,theformerhalfofthebodyhangingorhangingup,andsometimesnearthewaterorpiernear,orhiddenintherocksutureortreecave.Therewereinstancesofhuntedlivestock.Localroutinetreatment:Afterthebiteshouldimmediatelybecutinthelongitudinaltoothmarks,withavarietyofnegativepressuremethodtomakethevenomsuckedout,atthesametimesterilizationsolutioninlocalinjection,itisnecessarytousetheantikingcobravenomserumimmediately.6,from:Thetoothmarkislargeanddeep,thedepthis2-2.5cm,thedistanceiswide,showing"shape",about1.5-3.5cm,thewoundskinistearing.Localpainsuchasknife,continuetoendureseverebleeding,swelling,woundaroundtherapidemergenceoflargerblistersXuepaotracts,ecchymosis,tissuenecrosisandulceration,andbecausetheeffectofsnakevenomrapidlycausingsystemicdisseminatedintravascularcoagulation,bloodcoagulationandlosscausedbyextensiveexternalbleedinggums,nasalandeye-conjunctivalbleeding,hemoptysis,hematemesis,hematochezia,hematuria,severethoracicandabdominalandintracranialhemorrhage.Thiskindofhaemorrhageisnotea