（学生版）专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气-备战2023年高考英语考试易错题

专题09情态动词和虚拟语气——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。技巧1意义和语气判断法1.(浙江卷)George____________(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.[分析]can't/couldn'thavegone由下文的“Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.”可以看出，乔治应该是刚离开，不可能走太远，表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测，故填can't/couldn'thavegone。【答案】can't/couldn'thavegone所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。1.Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't技巧2时间判断法1.(天津卷)IwishI____________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.【解析】句意：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“我参加了妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语lastTuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构，故填hadbeen。【答案】hadbeen虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。1.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished2.Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,Ihavelongbeenoutofpractice.基础夯实考点01情态动词的基本用法1）can，could与beableto1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。2）may与might1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。2．＂may/mightaswell＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/mightwell＋动词原形，意为＂很可能＂。3）must与need1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。need＂需要，有必要＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。2.need也可用作行为动词，＂需要,有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。【巧学妙记】need的用法助记口诀实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表＂需要＂，没有人称、数之变。其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。【易混辨析】dare和need1.dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。2.need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto3.dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。4)will与would1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂总是＂或＂总要＂之意。5)shall，should与oughtto1．shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。2．shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。4．oughtto表示应该。5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。考点02情态动词表推测的用法1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为＂可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can’t意为＂不可能＂，语气很强烈。2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，maynot意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4．should用来表示推测时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来说应当如此＂的意思。考点03＂情态动词＋havedone＂的用法情态动词＋havedone用法musthavedone一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’thavedonecan/couldhavedone(1)本来能够做但却未做(2)可能做过某事can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过某事may/mighthavedone或许/可能做过某事should/oughttohavedone本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn’thavedone做了本没有必要做的事情1.＂musthavedone＂表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。2.＂can’thavedone＂表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。3.＂canhavedone＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。4.＂couldhavedone＂是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。5.＂mayhavedone＂表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。6.＂mighthavedone＂表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。7.＂wouldhavedone＂虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。8.＂shouldhavedone＂意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。9.＂oughttohavedone＂表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂shouldhavedone＂用法基本一样。10.＂needhavedone＂表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’thavedone＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂考点04if条件句中的虚拟语气1）if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形表示过去情况had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词表示将来情况should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形动词过去式wereto＋动词原形2）错综时间条件句的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为＂错综时间条件句＂，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。考点05从句中的虚拟语气1）．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。【特别提醒】★suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂时不用虚拟语气。2）．用于主语从句中常见句型：Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/essential/...+that...Itissb’sorder/desire/suggestion/advice/...+that...Itissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/...+that从句谓语形式：（should+）动词原形3）．用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。4）．wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were。2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could+have+过去分词或had+过去分词。3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，构成：主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形。5）．wouldrather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为＂宁愿；但愿＂。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。6）．在＂Itis(about/high)time＋that从句＂中，谓语动词常用过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂表示虚拟语气，注意should不可省略。7）．asif，asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。8）．ifonly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。模拟演练Ⅰ、单项选择1.PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitpatientlyuntilhiscarwastheonlyonethat______intheparkinglot.A.left B.wouldleave C.wasleft D.hadbeenleft2.I__________togiveyoujustasurprisequizbutonsecondthoughtIchosetoletyoureflectonyourexercises.A.hadintended B.hasintended C.intended D.hasbeenintended3.Ihatetosaythisbutyouneedtostopdoingthingslikethisbecausethey__________meallthetime.A.disturb B.havedisturbed C.disturbed D.aredisturbing4.Charlie'swheelchair______outofpower.Hedroveitintomyofficeandlookedforaplacetochargeit.A.run B.haverun C.hadrun D.wasrunning5.—Youreallydidagoodjob,Robert!—Iwasjustdoingmyjobandanyoneinmyposition___________thesamelikeme.A.mightdo B.coulddo C.shouldhavedone D.wouldhavedone6.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven7.Ifthenewsafetysystem________touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereputC.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput8.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I__________.A.wereinjured B.wouldbeinjuredC.hadbeeninjured D.wouldhavebeeninjured9.Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch10.Ifit_________forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeen B.shouldnotbe C.werenottobe D.shouldnothavebeen11._______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.WereitC.Itwas D.Wasit12.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad13.Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft14.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.didn’twrite B.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twrite D.wouldn’thavewrittenⅡ、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误,请标出并改正。（一）1.1fmybrotherwashere，everythingwouldbeallright.2.Ifhehadn’tbeencaughtinthestormyesterday,hewillnotbeillnow.3.Thereforewestronglysuggestedthatsimilareventsareheldeveryyear.badla4.TheanswersheetmustcutfromthenewspaperandsenttoChinaDailyafterthedeadline.5.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment6.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theymustjustbequietpeople.7.---It’stheoffice!Soyoumayknoweatingisnotallowedhere.--Oh,sorry.8.Ifyoumadebetteruseofyourtime,youmighthavelearnedmore.9.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamwasattheageofsixmonthsold.10.Itmustn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.（二）1.I’dratheryousawthefilmyesterday.2.ItistimethatIgotopickupmydaughteratschool.3.IwishIknewthetruthofthematter.4.Ifyoulistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.5.Youcoulddobetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.6.Ifwetooktheotherroad，wemighthavearrivedearlier.7.Hesuggestedthatwetooktheteacher’sadvice.8.Ifhehadbeenstudyinghard，hewouldworkintheofficenow.9.Butfortherain，weshouldhaveapleasantjourney.10.IfonlyIhavereadthebooksonreadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.Ⅲ、语法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61．(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67．(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68．(construct).＂3.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40．(call)galleriesorrooms.Ⅳ、短文填空（一）MissFangcouldn’treadforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe__1__gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.＂Youshouldseeadoctorassoonaspossible，＂shesaid.＂You__2__needglasses.＂WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor__3__seeherat3：30.MissFangrepliedthatshewouldnotbeabletobethereat3：30becauseshehadaclassthen.＂Thedoctor__4__takeyouatabouttentofour，＂theappointmentclerksuggested.＂__5__Iputyoudownfortentofour，orwouldyourathercometomorrow？＂MissFangthoughtshe__6__(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteachershouldn’tbeunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,＂IthinkI__7__makeitattentofour.＂MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,＂__8__Ileaveat3：45today？I__9__haveaneyeexamination.＂Asexpected,theteachersaid,＂Yes,ofcourseyou__10__.＂真题演练【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【2020年】1.（2020·天津卷）Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.（2020·江苏卷）IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbe B.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen【2019年】1.【2019·江苏卷】Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad2.【2019·天津卷】Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished【2018年】1.【2018·江苏】It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might2.【2018·江苏】Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.had B.willhaveC.wouldhavehad D.havehad3.【2018·天津】Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft4.【2018·北京】Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must5.【2018·北京】Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven6.【2018·天津】Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.must B.should C.can D.need2.【2017·北京卷】Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereput C.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput3.【2017·江苏卷】_______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.Wereit C.Itwas D.Wasit4.【2017·天津卷】Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A. daren’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t5.【2017·天津卷】—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I______abletoreachheryesterday.A.hadn’t