2020版高考英语二轮复习高考题型重组练十二202038

PAGE更多资料关注公众号：高考英语gkyy100高考题型重组练(十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2019·长春市质量监测二]MywifeandIwereatacrowdedgrocerystorenotlongago.Itwasaweekdayevening,coldandwet—andtense.Peoplewerecarelesslyblockingaisles,complainingandcuttingoneanotheroffwiththeircarts.Thingsgotworseatthecheckoutline.Thecashierscannedaman'sdiscountcard,buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.“Sheisbeingspiteful(恶意的)！”heyelled.“Thisisunbelievable.”Othercustomerslookedawayasthecashiertriedtoreasonwithhim.Shecalledamanager,whoaccompaniedthemantocustomerservice.Shaken,shemovedtothenextcustomerinline.We'veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.Thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershaseroded.Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith—startingwithjustoneperson.Backatthegrocerystore,mywifeandIreachedouruneasycashier.Igrabbedabottleofwaterfromanearbycoolerandhandedittoher.“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou，”Isaid.Herfacelitup,andwetalkedasshescannedouritems.Shetoldusshehadbeenworkingthateveningthroughseverefootpainandwouldbehavingsurgerylaterthatweek.Wewishedherwellinherrecovery,andshethankedusasweleft.Thosearethebalancingacts,themomentsofrespondingsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,whichwilladduptorestoretrustamongpeople.Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.体裁：夹叙夹议题材：个人经历主题：人与人之间信任感的缺失和重建【语篇解读】本文记叙了作者和妻子在一个杂货店中遇到了一位男士与收银员争吵，从而发觉人与人之间缺乏信任，而作者和妻子买水安慰收银员，以期重新建立人与人之间的信任。1．Whydidthemanatthecheckoutlinearguewiththecashier?A．Thecashiercalledamanagertohelpher.B．Someonejumpedthequeuewaitingtocheckout.C．Therewassomethingwrongwithhisdiscountcard.D．Hebelievedthecashierchargedhimmoreonpurpose.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.”可知，他误把省下来的钱当成了额外的收费，他认为收银员是故意的，并和她吵了起来。也就是说，他认为收银员是故意多收他的钱。故选D项。2．Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“eroded”inParagraph5?A．Changed.B．Increased.C．Faded.D．Formed.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“We'veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.Thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershaseroded.”可知，我们都在公共场所目睹过这些不愉快的场面。而这些不愉快也说明了人与人之间缺乏信任，即彼此之间的信任削弱了。因此，erode与fade同义，意为“逐渐削弱；消失”。故选C项。3．Whydidtheauthorbuyabottleofwaterforthecashier?A．Hethoughtthecashiermightfeelalittlebitthirsty.B．Heknewshehadgonethroughmuchtroublerecently.C．Hewantedtorestorethetrustbetweenherandtheman.D．Hewantedtocomfortheraftertheterribleexperiencejustnow.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou”可知，作者和妻子对于那个男人对待收银员的方式感到难过，因此给收银员买了一瓶水。由此可知，他们是想要安慰收银员。故选D项。4．Whatisthelastparagraphintendedtodo?A．Addawarning.B．Makeasuggestion.C．Introduceatopic.D．Presentanargument.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。作者在最后一段呼吁人们行动起来，增强人与人之间的信任。因此，最后一段是作者对读者的建议。故选B项。B[2019·南昌二模]Robotsarenowbeingemployednotjustfordangeroustasks,suchasdiscoveringminesorrescuingpeopleindisasters.Theyarealsofindingapplicationsashouseholdhelpandasnursingassistants.Asincreasingnumbersofmachines,equippedwiththelatestartificialintelligence,takeonagrowingvarietyofspecializedandeverydaytasks,thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent.AteamledbySariNijssenofRadboudUniversityandMarkusPaulus,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyatLudwig­Maximilians­Universitat(LMU),havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples.AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:“Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives？”Theparticipantswerefacedwithahypothetical(假设的)moraldilemma:Wouldtheybepreparedtoputasinglepersonatriskinordertosaveagroupofinjuredpersons?Inthesituationspresentedtheintendedvictimwaseitherahuman,ahumanoidrobotthathadbeenhumanizedtovariousdegreesorarobotthatwasclearlyrecognizableasamachine.Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.Situationsthatincludedvividstoriesinwhichtherobotwasdescribedasamercifulbeingorasacreaturewithitsownunderstandings,experiencesandthoughts,weremorelikelytostopthestudyparticipantsfromsacrificingitintheinterestsofanonymous(无名的)humans.“Thisresultindicatesthatourstudygroupattachedacertainmoralstatustotherobot，”saysPaulus.“Onepossiblesuggestionofthisfindingisthatattemptstohumanizerobotsshouldnotgotoofar.Sucheffortscouldcomeintoconflictwiththeirintendedfunction—tobeofhelptous.”体裁：说明文题材：科技前沿主题：人性化机器人【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。【难句分析】Thestudysuggestedthatthemoretherobotwashumanized,thelesslikelyparticipantsweretosacrificeit.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，越……”。译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。5．Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutrobots?A．Howtohumanizethem.B．Howtotreattheminlife.C．Howtousethemeffectively.D．Howtofindmoreapplications.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“thequestionofhowpeopleseethemandbehavetowardsthembecomesevermoreurgent”和第二段中的“havecarriedoutastudytodeterminethedegreetowhichpeopleshowconcernforrobotsandbehavetowardsthembasedonmoralprinciples”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。6．Inthestudytheparticipantsprobablyhavetodecide________.A．whentosacrificearobotB．wheretoexperiencerisksC．whichrobottoworkwithD．whatrobotsshouldbelike答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“AccordingtoSariNijssen,thestudysetouttoanswerthefollowingquestion:‘Underwhatcircumstanceswouldadultsbewillingtosacrificerobotstosavehumanlives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。7．WhatcanbeinferredfromPaulus'words?A．Humanizedrobotsofferlesshelptopeople.B．Humanizingrobotstoomuchmaybeimproper.C．Certainmoralstatusshouldbeattachedtorobots.D．Conflictsoftenhappenbetweenhumansandrobots.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与机器人的预期功能(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可推知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Robots,aMustforFutureB．HumanizedRobots,aNewTrendC．RobotsSaved,PeopleTaketheHitD．HumanizedRobotsReplaceHuman答案与解析：C考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。Ⅱ.七选五[2019·成都第三次诊断]Societytellsusthatyoucan'tteachanolddognewtricks.Butitdoesn'thavetobethatway.AnewstudypublishedinHumanDevelopmentpointsoutthatusingaproperapproachtolearningcanhelppeopleofanyagetakeonandrisetonewchallenges.__1__Ventureoutsideyourcomfortzone.Asadults,wetendtousesimilarskillsdayinanddayout:Wetakejobsinfieldswe'realreadygoodat,drivethesameroutestothesameplaces,andfallintoroutineswe'recomfortablewith.__2__Switchingtosomethingmorechallengingmayhavemorecognitivebenefits.__3__Afearofmakingmistakesisanotherreasonadultsaresoslowtolearnnewthings;ifwetryandfail,wecanfacecriticism,losemoney,orgetfired.That'swhyit'simportanttobuildupasupportnetworkofpeople—atworkandathome—whoallowyoutomakemistakesandlearnfromthem.Makeaseriouscommitmentanddon'tgiveup.__4__Ifyoucanaffordit,spendingmoneyonanewpursuit—forexample,bookingatriptoRometopracticeyourItalian—mightalsomakeithardertothrowinthetowel.Learnmorethanonethingatonce.Wetendtozeroinononehobbyoroneskill.Butdividingthattimeandenergyintothreeorfourareaswillstretchyourbraininalldifferentdirections.__5__Forexample,maybeyoustartedlearninganewlanguagein2018,andthisyearyouaddsinginglessons,andnextyearyoutrysomethingelse.Youcanaddthingsgraduallybasedonwhatyoucanhandle.A．Turntoyourfriendsandfamily.B．Thefollowingstrategieswilldothetrick.C．Surroundyourselfwithencouragingpeople.D．Tellingfriendsaboutyournewgoalcanhelpkeepyoumotivated.E．Butallthisfamiliaritylimitsthepartsofthebrainwe'reusingregularly.F．Thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldstartallthenewchallengesallatonce,though.G．Sofeelingcomfortablecanreducestressandmakeyouhappierandmoreproductive.体裁：说明文题材：社会生活主题：如何迎接新的挑战【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几个迎接新的挑战的策略。1．答案与解析：B文章第二至第五段分别给出迎接挑战的策略。由此可知，该空承上启下，故选B。2．答案与解析：E根据空前一句可知，我们倾向于日复一日地用相似的技能：从事我们擅长的领域的工作，开车走相同的路线，去相同的地方，做我们觉得舒服的事；结合空后的“Switchingtosomethingmorechallenging”可推知，这种熟悉限制了我们正在经常使用的大脑的部分，故选E。3．答案与解析：C空处为本段的主题句。通读本段可知，本段讲述的是寻找支持你的人的重要性，故C项符合语境。4．答案与解析：D根据该空前一句可知，做出一个严肃的承诺且不放弃。由此可推知，空处应是表明向谁承诺以及承诺做出后的作用。故D项符合语境。5．答案与解析：F根据本段首句可知，一次可以多学点东西；空后一句是说，比如，你可能在2018年开始学一门新的语言，今年你添加了歌唱课，下一年你尝试其他的东西。由此可知，F项“但是这并不意味着你应该一次性开始所有新的挑战”符合语境。Ⅲ.短文改错[2019·广州综合测试二]Itwasastillandquietmorningonthelake.Therewasnohumanvoicesorcarstobreakthesilent.Itwasaperfectdayforfishing.Wesatatthere,afraidtotalk,thinkingfishwouldhearusandflee.Myfather,holdourlunchbaginonehand,passedmeasandwich.Itwasterriblehotandcloudsofmosquitowerefeastingonmyblood.Withmylegscoveringwithbitemarks,Icomplained,“Whenwillthefishcome？”SuddenlyIfeltafishbite.MyfatherbecamesoexcitedasIwas,andtogetherwepulledthefishoutthatwouldbepartofusdinnerthatnight.答案与解析：Itwasastillandquietmorningonthelake.Therewaeq\o(s,\s\do10(①were))nohumanvoicesorcarstobreakthesileneq\o(t,\s\do10(②silence)).Itwasaperfectdayforfishing.Wesateq\o(,\s\do10(③))there,afraidtotalk,thinkingeq\o(∧,\s\do10(④the))fishwouldhearusandflee.Myfather,holeq\o(d,\s\do10(⑤holding))ourlunchbaginonehand,passedmeasandwich.Itwasterribleq\o(e,\s\do10(⑥terr