雅思小作文图表写作技巧省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件

小作文各图写作技巧第1页派图介绍单派双派多派第2页2派图写作技巧图中找类别按类分段第3页3派图重难点◎怎样准确把握图中信息◎怎样正确转述图中信息◎怎样灵活利用词汇、短语、句型，防止用词单一、句式表示雷同◎怎样精炼语言，防止赘述、烦琐，防止给评卷人套模板印象第4页42.13派图词汇基础之占据RepresentOccupyStandforAccountfor

第5页52.16派图惯用句型◎“占”：accountfor,hold,makeup,takeup,constitute,comprise,represent...◎百分比：percentage，proportion,share...◎“约”：themajorityof,mostof,aconsiderablenumberof,aminorityof,justover…,slightlymorethan…/lessthan…,nearlyhalf…◎确切数字(1)分数与百分比转化：onethird,twofifths(2)常见表示：aquarter,ahalf...第6页6Eg1:整体+局部ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationgiveninthepiechartsbelow.第7页7第8页8P1ThefollowingtwopiechartsillustratetheenergyuseintheU.S.A.ThetwographsdescribethedataoftheenergyuseandtheresidentialenergyuseindetailintheUnitedStates.第9页9P2Itcanbeseenfromthefirstpiechartthattheenergyisusedforfourpurposes.Specifically,industryaccountsforthelargestproportion(41%)oftheusedenergywhiledemandoftransportationmakesup26%ofthetotalneedofenergy.Residentialandcommercialrepresent19%and14%respectively.第10页10P3Accordingtothesecondpiechart,itclearlyshowsthatheatingandairconditioningaccountforthelargestproportion(62%)intheresidentialenergyusewhilethesmallappliancesmakesuptheleastproportion(10%).Theheatingwaterandmiscellaneous(includingcooking)constitutes15%and13%respectively.第11页11P4Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationofenergyuseintheUnitedStates.第12页12线图审图技巧趋势描述速度描述极点交点起点重点描述线图写作技巧趋势描述多样化线图解析第13页13线图重难点交点难掌控图内对比看不出第14页14线图惯用句型先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳对峰值和低谷描述趋势相同描述对未来表述对波动描述

第15页15先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升)，之后便平稳1.Accordingtothedata,theyearsfrom…to…saw/witnessarise/climb/dropinthenumber/rate/percentage/proportionof对象from数据to数据，whichwasfollowedbyarapiddecrease/reduce/increaseoverthe...years第16页162.Thenumber/rate…dropped/wentupagain

from…inXXXyearto…inXXXyearandthenwentup/climbedgraduallyuntilXXXyear,whentherewasalevelingoff/levelingoutat数据for一段时间第17页171.AlsoitcanbenoticedthatinXXXyear,thenumber/percentage…reachedthebottom.However/onthecontrary,XXXyear

sawthepeakduringthisperiod.2.……时间点，whenthenumber/percentage

reached(amountedto)toapeakof…/ahighpointat…3.……时间点,whenthenumber/percentage

bottomedout(at…)对峰值和低谷描述

第18页18Theproportion/numberof对象inthexxandxxaresimilarandfollowthesametrend.InXXthefigureswerexx%andxx%respectively,risingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX,afterdippingtoxx%andxx%respectivelyinXXX.Thereafter...趋势相同描述第19页19对未来表述…isprojectedto……asto…isexpectedto……asfor…isforecastedto………isestimatedto…第20页20对波动描述ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof………fluctuateddramaticallybetweenxx%andxx%during…period.第21页21柱图审图技巧◎关键是“比较”&“对比”——找出similarity&difference既要横向总结全部柱状图共性特征，又要分别描写各个柱形个性特征第22页22柱图写作技巧◎单柱假如是以时间为横轴话，就写一下趋势假如是以组为横轴，则直接写。

◎多柱假如数据比较多，就取几个最大或者最小就行，也就是说在比较过程中想要拿到想要结果就要找对比鲜明那一对。把对比最鲜明几个柱子描述清楚，其它能够一带而过。第23页23柱形图惯用句型Thebarchartillustratesthat...Accordingtothebarchart,...Fromthebarchart,wecanseeclearlythat...Itisclear/apparentfromthechartthat...Thebarchartdepicts描述(that)....thebarchartleadsustotheconclusion结论that...第24页24ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and.第25页25P1ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1960,1980and.题目Thebargraphshowsthechangingpatterns

incommutingbytrain,car,tubeorbusforcommutersinoneEuropeancityintheyears1960,1980and.第26页26P2Thenumberofpeopleusingtrainsatfirstrose

fromjustunder20%in1960

toabout26%in1980,butthenfellbacktoabout23%in

.第27页27P3Useofthetubewasrelativelystable,

falling

fromaround27%ofcommutersin1960

to22%in1980,butclimbingbackto

reach25%by.第28页28P4Ontheotherhand,theuseofcarsincreasedsteadily

fromjustover5%in1960to23%in1980,reachingalmost40%by,whereasthepopularityofbuseshasdeclinedsince1960,fallingfromjustunder35%in1960

to27%

in1980andonly15%in.第29页29P5Thegraphindicatesthegrowinguseofcarsforcommutingtoworkbetween1960-,andthecontinueddeclineinthepopularityofbusesfrombeingthemostpopularmodeoftransportin1960totheleastpopularin.第30页30表格图审图技巧1.有时间原因表格：按照时间次序，转化为更为明了线图2.有地域原因表格：注意横向比较，并依据数值大小对数据进行分类，再抽取较大或较小经典值进行说明3.包含其它原因表格：分别观察各标准在图表中展现特征，然后分别说明第31页31表格图写作技巧1.快速浏览题目中文字信息，重点关注研究对象、数据类型和时间，明确在主体段写作中要注意数据类型改变和时态一致问题2.看题目中表格图形，看图形时也要先看文字说明，包含标题、标注和单位，弄懂数据所代表信息，而非数据本身筛选信息，圈定关键数据整理写作次序第32页32表格图重难点1.数据繁多而且凌乱，找不出很显著特征2.怎样用适当次序、结构和衔接方式把表格中表达特征条理清楚地传达出来3.写时候怎样不遗漏信息第33页33第34页34P1Thetabledemonstratesthedataregardingthesubwaysysteminsixcities,includingdateopened,kilometersofrouteandpassengersperyear(inmillions)第35页35P2Intermsofdateopened,Londonhasthemosttime-honored(1863)subwaysystemamongthesixcitieswhilesubwaysysteminLosAngelesisthenewestoneopenedin.（最老，最新）SystemsinParisandTokyoareopenedin1900and1927,respectively.时间次序Afterthat,systemsinWashingtonDCandKyotoareopenedin1976and1981differently.第36页36Asforthesizeoftherailwaysystem,Londonstillranksthefirst,meaningithasthelongestsubwaysystem(384kilometers)amongthesixcities,whichisroughlytwiceaslargeasthesysteminParis.（最长）Bycontrast,subwaysysteminKyotoisshorter(11kilometers)thantheotherseventhoughitopenedinrelativelyrecentyear.（最短）ThekilometersofrouteinTokyo,WashingtonDCandLosAngelesare155,126and28differently.第37页37Thethirdpartispassengersperyearinmillions.Moreexactly,thetopthreeareTokyo(1927),Paris(1191)andLondon(775).UndergroundrailwaysysteminWashingtonDC’shas144millionspassengersperyear.SystemsinLosAngeles’sandKyoto’scarryfewerpassengersperyear(50and45,respectively).第38页38Thus,itcanbeclearlyseenfromthetablethatthesubwaysystemsinTokyoandParisservesformorepassengers

whereasthesystemsinLosAngelesandKyotocarryfewerpassengersmainlybecauseoftheshortroute.第39页39对于不一样时间同一事物比较先相减/相加，后分组哪些是增加，哪些是降低幅度大与幅度小分组第40页40ThetablebelowgivesinformationaboutchangesinmodesoftravelinEnglandbetween1985and.剑6P52第41页41增加Car,Longdistancebus,Train,Taxi幅度大Car+1607降低Walking,Bicycle,Localbus幅度大Localbus-155第42页42P1ThetabledemonstrateshowdifferentmodesoftravelchangedinEnglandin15yearsspanningfrom1985to.Ingeneral,themodesareclassifiedintotwokinds

intermsofaveragemilestravelledperpersonperyear:oneenjoyedrisingpopularitywhiletheotherdecreasing.第43页43P2Thetravelmodeswhichgainedpopularityintheperiodincludedcars,longdistancebuses,trains,taxisandothers.Carsremainedtopamongthemodesinthe15years,withitsaveragemilesincreasingconsiderably

from3,199in1985

to4,806in.Longdistancebusesandtaxisseemedtobewarmlywelcomedbytravelers,soaveragemilestravelledinthetwomodesalmosttripled第44页44P3Travelsbywalking,bicyclesandlocalbuseslosttravelers’favorintheoneandahalfdecade.Averagetravellingdistancebylocalbusessufferedthebiggestdecrease,dropping

from429to274,whilethenumberofmilesbywalkingandbikesfellmildly

from255to237

andfrom51to41

respectively.第45页45P4Overall,thenumberofmilestravelledbytheaverageperpersonrose

from4,740milesin1985to6,475milesin,withtheincreaseofcarsaccountingforalmostallofthatincrease.第46页46流程图审图技巧流程图本质其实就是要求考生将图中出现文字信息用连贯语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。

第47页47流程图写作技巧1.时态相对单一，主要用普通现在时2.经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式3.找出流程图始末点，并划分中间步骤或阶段4.掌握表示“次序”连接词(SequencingWords)，用来说明过程各个步骤和先后次序5.对于题目里出现专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可第48页48流程图重难点1.语言组织2.逻辑次序3.是否如实反应图中信息第49页49流程图惯用单词过程：process、procedure阶段/步骤：stage、step连接词：1.第一步：atfirst、tobeginwith、inthefirststage2.下一步：then、next、thesecondstage3.最终：finally、lastly、thefinalstage4.平行步骤：meanwhile、atthesametime第50页50流程图惯用句型◎Thefollowingdiagraphshowsthestructureof……◎Thepictureillustrates……◎Itmainlyconsistsof……

◎Itworksasfollows:◎Itusuallyinvolvesfollowingsteps:◎Thewholeprocedurecanbedividedinto…stages.第51页51FirstStagesTheprocessstartsfrom…Theprocessbeginswith….Intermsof….,thefirststageisthat….Atthebeginningofthecycle,

Thebeginningofthewholecycleismarkedby第52页52StagesAtthispoint;then;inthenextstep;afterthat;afterwardsThesecondstageis……Thenextstepintheprocessis……第53页53EndStagesInthefinalstageThefinalprocedure/stepofthisprocessis…Thismarkstheendoftheprocessandthebeginningofanewone…isthelaststepintheprocedure.第54页54LastingtimeThestagelastsfor30minutesuntil…Afteraperiodof30minutes,…Ittakes10daysforXto…AfteraperiodofBefore…,ittakes30minutesto…30minuteshavetobespentonthisprocessbefore…第55页55剑6P75第56页56第57页57P1Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.第58页58P2Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage第59页59P3Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.第60页60Themapindicatetherecyclingprocessofglassbottles第61页61P1Thisdiagramillustratestherecyclingprocessofglassbottles.Thewholeprocessisacyclewhichcanbedividedintothreemainstages.第62页62P2Inthefirststage,usedbottlesarecollectedatarecyclingpointandtransportedbyatruck.Thesecondstagestartsinacleaningplant,wheretheserecycledbottlesaresortedbycolorintogreen,brownandclearonesandwashedbyhigh-pressurisedwater.Whenthecleaningisdone,thebottlesareconveyedtoaglassfactorywheretheyarecutintoglasspieceswhicharethenpouredintoafurnace.30第63页63P3Afterbeingheatedinthefurnace,thebrokenglassesaremeltedintoliquid,whichflowsintoaglassmold.Inthefinalstage,new,emptybottlesarefilledwithliquid,thenpackedanddespatchedtothesupermarketandpickedbyconsumers.Atthispoint,acyclehasbeencompletedandanewcyclewillbegin.第64页64地图审图技巧注意结合地图中表达细节信息，进行相互比较与对比，并表达对比结果。第65页65地图写作技巧注意“改变”（1）图形原有事物改变（2）图形新添事物第66页66地图重难点1.时态：通常为普通过去时2.细节改变：地图每个细节改变都要提到，不能忽略3.语态：通常为被动语态4.书写次序：时间次序&空间次序第67页67地图惯用单词方位：intheeast/west/south/northof…;intheeastern/western/southernnorthernpartof…

建设：build,construct（普通建筑物），erect竖立（高大建筑物），establish/setup（无建筑物体或抽象机构），pave（道路修建）第68页68地图惯用句型◎Itisobvious/notable/noticeablethat...◎Itiseasytolocate/tofindthat…◎Itcanbeseenfromthegraphthat…◎Aislocated/situated/sitedin/on/totheeastofB.◎Aisincenter/middle/centralareaofB◎Aisnear/nextto/closeto/adjacenttoB.◎AisontheoppositesideofB.第69页69LocationAlies……ShanghailiesintheeastofChinaJapanliestotheeastofChinaMongolialiesonthenorthsideofChinaAislocated……Aisnextto/near/closetoBAisattheeast/west/north/southofBAisrightacrossfromBTheroadrunsfrom…to…第70页70DrawbyyourselfTheplaygroundisroughlyinthemiddleoftheresidentialzone.ThebankisintheNorthwestcorneroftheresidentialzone.Housesareatthebottomoftheresidentialzone.Themotorcyclistisoutsidetheresidentialzone.Thebarber’sisoppositetothebankThesupermarketishalfwaybetweenthebankandthebarber’s.Thesupermarketisdirectlyoppositetothestop.Alocalbusistotherightofthestation第71页71剑5P75ThemapbelowisofthetownofGarlsdon.Anewsupermarket(S)isplannedforthetown.Themapshowstwopossiblesitesforsupermarket.选址型第72页72northwestcountrysideFewercustomerLowrentTrain,buscentredowntownCBD,residential,industryshoppersrenttrafficSatellitecities第73页73P1ThemapshowstwoproposedlocationsforanewsupermarketforthetownofGarlsdon第74页74P2Thefirstpotentiallocation(S1)isoutsidethetownitself,andislocateddjustoffthemainroadtothetownofHindon,lying12kmstothenorth-west.Thissiteisinthecountrysideandsoitwouldbeabletoaccommodatealotofcarparking,whichmakesitaccessibletoshoppersfrombothHindonandGarlsdonwhocouldtravelbycar.第75页75P2AsitisalsoclosetotherailwaylinelinkingthetwotownstoCransdon(25kmtothesouth-east),apotentiallylargenumberofshopperswouldalsobeabletotravelbytrain.Generallyspeaking,therentisrelativelylowerincountryside,soitwillsavesomeexpending.第76页76P3Incontrast,thesuggestedlocation,S2,isrightinthetowncentre,whichwouldbegoodforlocalresidents.Theoricallythestorecouldbeaccessedbyroadorrailfromthesurroundingtowns,butasthecentralareaisano-trafficzone,carswouldbeunabletoparkandaccesswouldbedifficult.第77页77P4Overall,neithersiteisappropriateforallthetowns,buttheout-of-townsite(S1)wouldprobablyoffermoreadvantagesandmorereasonable.第78页78ChorleywoodisavillagenearLondonwhosepopulationhasincreasedsteadilysincethemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Themapbelowshowsthedeve