英语诗歌欣赏市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

《英语诗歌观赏》EvaluationandAppreciationofEnglishPoetry1/116“Theliteraturethatiswritteninsomekindofverseform.-----areader’sdefinition“thebestwordsinthebestorder.”-----SamuelTaylorColeridge“nottheassertionthatsomethingistrue,butthemakingofthattruthmorefullyrealtous.”-----T.S.Eliot2/116Literaturethatisnotprose

1.amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsounds2.apreciseandfreshimagery3.multiplelevelsofinterpretationbytheconnotationofcloserwordsandbyallusions3/116Ⅰ.TheMusicalEffectofPoetryPoetryhasitsrootsinsong.epics,ballads,travelingbards,minstrelsMusicaleffectsaremainlycreatedbyrhythm.Foot----agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit,aunitofrhythm.Meter---thepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesusedinpoem.4/116伐木丁丁，鸟鸣嘤嘤。——四言诗欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。

——五言诗

春风又绿江南岸。——七言诗5/116monometer（单音步)pentameter（五音步）dimeter（双音步）hexameter（六音步）trimeter（三音步）heptameter（七音步）tetrameter（四音步）octameter（八音步）6/116︱雪压︱冬云︱白絮︱飞︱1234——tetrameterTwinkletwinklelittlestar——tetrameter7/116

阴平、阳平、

上声、去声—／

∨

＼↘↙

↘↙平仄老夫喜作黄昏颂，满目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。

8/116平仄互协“音乐和有趣思想结合”——爱伦·坡

“欲调曼声，必谐三声“（平、上、去）

高低疾徐抑扬顿挫——汉语四声调特色9/116阴平声轻，阳平声重，上声后而举，去声清而远

stressed---accent重音—扬unstressed---unaccented轻音—抑fivemetricpatterns（音律）

10/1161．Iambic抑扬格→∨

∕:control2．Trochaic扬抑格→

∕

∨:tiger3．Anapestic抑抑扬格→

∨

∨

∕:contradict4．Dactylic扬抑抑格→∕∨∨:foolishness5．Spondaic扬扬格→

∕

∕:moonstone11/116

∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕l

Theskyishigh,thecloudsarepale.-----iambictetrameter四步抑扬格

∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨l

Doubledoubletoilandtrouble

∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨Fireburnandcauldronbubble-----ShakespeareIt’strochaictetrameter.(四步扬抑格)12/116l

LikeachildfromthewombLikeaghostfromthetombIariseandinbuiltitagain.-----Shelley----Anapestictetrameterandtrimeter

∨∨∕∨∕l

I’dadreamto-night,

∨∨∕∨∕AsIfeelasleep-----anapesticandiambicdimeter13/116ElegywritteninaCountryChurchyard

-----ThomasGrayThecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingo’erthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.14/116∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Thecur︱fewtolls︱theknell︱ofpar︱tingday,︱

∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Thelow︱ingherd︱windslow︱ingo’er︱thelea,︱

∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Theplow︱manhome︱wardplods︱hiswea︱ryway,︱

∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∨∕Andleaves︱theworld︱todark︱nessandme.︱15/116

∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Therewas︱ayoungla︱dyofNi︱ger

∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Whosmiled︱assherode︱onati︱ger

∨∨∕∨∨∕Theyreturned︱fromtheride︱16/116∨∨∕∨∨∕Withthela︱dyinside︱

∨∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Andthesmile︱ontheface︱oftheti︱gerApoemforappreciation-----goodandharmoniouscombinationofrhythmandrhyme.17/116MyHeart’sintheHighlands.

------RobertBurnsMyheart’sintheHighlands,myheartisnothere,Myheart’sintheHighlandsa-chasingthedear,A-chasingthewilddeerandfollowingtheroe-Myheart’sintheHighlands,whereverIgo?18/116

ⅠFarewelltotheHighlands,farewelltotheNorth,Thebirthplaceofvalor,thecountryofworth,WhereverIwonder,whereverIrove,ThehillsofHighlandsforeverIlove.19/116

ⅡFarewelltothemountainshighcoveredwithsnow,Farewelltothestrathsandgreenvalleysbelow,Farewelltotheforestsandwild-hangingwoods,Farewelltothetorrentsandloud-pouringfloods.20/116*Rhyme(rime)大江歌罢掉头东dong→a↘邃密群科济世穷qiong→a→rimetogether面壁十年图破壁,bi→b难酬滔海亦英雄.xiong→a↗21/116Abookofverseunderneaththebough,Ajugofwine,aloafofbread---andthou,Besidemesinginginthewilderness,O,wildnesswereparadiseenow.Thefirst,secondandfourthlinerimetogether.FromOmarKheyyan---byEdwardFitzgerald《鲁拜集》

22/116美酒佐干粮，树荫诵诗章，君喉歌宛转，荒漠即天堂。——郭沫若（译）

23/116TypesofRhyme1.1.Endrhyme（尾韵）-----rhymeestablishedattheendofverseline.2.Internalrhyme（中间韵）-----rhymecontainedwithinalineofverse.24/116

Spring

----ThomasNashSpring,thesweetspring,istheyearspleasantkingThenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinringColddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!25/116ThepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgayLambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,AndwehearaybirdstunethismerrylayCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!26/116Thefieldsbreathesweet,Thedaisieskissourfeet;Youngloversmeet,Oldwivesa-sunningsit;IneverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreetCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring!thesweetspring:27/116Thefirststanza:spring----thing----stingking----ring----singThesecondstanza:may-----play----aygay----day----lay28/116Thethirdstanza:Sweet----meet----streetFeet----sit----greatCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!29/1163.Slantrhyme----aninexactrhymewherethefinalconsonantsoundsarethesamebutthevowelsoundsaredifferent.nearrhyme,half-rhyme,partialrhyme.Andbyhissmile,Iknowthatsullenhall,Byhisdeadsmile,Iknowwestoodinhell.30/1161.4.Eyerhyme----therhymingoftwowordswhichlookasifthey’drhyme,butdonot.e.g.move----love31/1161)Onesyllablerhyme（押单韵）orsinglerhyme----usuallycalledasmasculinerime,malerime.2)Doublerhyme（押双韵）----rhymeinwhichtwoconsecutivesyllablesoftherhymewordsmatch.Thefirstsyllablecarriesthestress.Lightness,elegancefeminine,femalerhymee.g:motion---oceanwaken---forsakenaudition---rendition32/1163)Triplerhyme（三重韵）e.g:glorious---victorious33/116*Othermusicaldevices----theuseofsounds

1.Alliteration首字韵----repetitionoftwoormoreinitialconsonantssoundsinwordswithinaverseline.e.g:Whenfortitudehaslostitsfire,Andfreezesintofear.34/116

Itylus

---SwinburneSwallow,mysister,o,sister,swallow,Whywiltthouflyafterspringtothe

South,Thesoftsouthwitherthineheartisset.35/116bagandbaggageMightandmainhaleandheartyTimeandtidewaitfornomanthickandthinfitasafiddleapiginapoke36/11612.Onomatopoeia拟声词----theuseofawordwhosesoundsuggestsitsmeaningorwhichimitatesthesoundmadebyanobjectorcreature.e.g:cuckoo,jug-jug….37/1163.Assonance半谐词----therepetitionoftwoormorevowelsoundswithinalinee.g:lake---fatefeed---needsmate---shape

4.Consonants押辅音----therepetitionoftwoormoreconsonantssoundswithinaline.e.g:Thesplendorfallsoncastlewalls.38/116Homework:

TheTyger

---WilliamBlakeTyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsoftheNightWhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?39/116InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?40/116Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whattheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?WhenthestarsthrewdowntheirspearsAndwateredheavenwiththeirtears.Didhewhomadethelambmakethee?41/116Tyger!Tyger!burningbrightIntheforestsofthenight.WhatimmortalhandoreyeDareframethyfearfulsymmetry?What’stheTygerstandingfor?Whatdoesitsymbolizefor?

GodB.thenature’spowerC.thepeopleD.revolution42/116▲Rhythm●Footormeter:mostly3feetinoneline--trimeter●Metricpattern:mostlytrochaic43/116∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Tyger︱!Tyger!︱burning︱bright,

∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Inthe︱forests︱ofthe︱night,︱

∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Whatim︱mortal︱handor︱eye︱

∕∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Could︱framethy︱fearful︱symme︱try?44/116Trochaictrimeterendingwithanextraaccentedsyllable▲RhymeEverytwolineshavethesamerime,thisiscalledrhymeincouple.45/116●AnaccentedonesyllableSinglerhyme---masculinerhymeStrongandpowerful●Trochaicpattern----astrongrhyme●ShortsentencesLessfeet---addthestrengthtothepoem46/116So,Blakepurposelyusesthedevicesofrhythmandrhyme:malerhyme,lessfeet,andshortmetricpattern.Alladdmoreeffecttothepoemandgivethereadersastrongimpression.47/116▲Othermusicdevices

1.1.Alliteration----creatingthepowerfulnessofthe“Tyger”.

Burningbright,distantdeeps,begantobeat,dareitsdeadlyterrorclasp48/1162.Repetitionl

Perfectrepetitionofthefirststanzaattheendofthepoem.lThefrequentuseoftheword“dread”repeatedlyremindsthereaderthattheTygeristobefeared.●Thepatternofthequestionsareinsistentlyrepeated.49/116Whatdreadhand?Andwhatdreadfeet?Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Whattheanvil?Whatdreadgrasp?TostrengthenthemusiceffectofthepoemandpowerfulnessoftheTyger.50/116▲ConclusionAllthedevicesmentionedaboveinthispoemstronglysupportthesuggestionthatBlakeintendedinit.(thepoem)Blake,infact,isponderingthenatureoftheGod.IsthisGodcruelorgentle?Hedoesnotansweritdirectly,heraisedsomanyquestionsforreaderstothinkabout.Butbyreadingandanalyzethepoem,wecometoknowaboutthatwhatevertheTygeris,itisapowerfulandfearlesscreator.51/116Ⅱ.FormsofPoetry英诗形式

SimplicitytovarietyTheformsofEnglishpoetryaredecidedbytheverselinesineachstanza,oronestanza.52/1161.Couplet双行诗Twolines,thesamerhymeOneprospectlostanotherstillwegain,Andnotavanityisgiv’ninvain.53/1163.三行体

A.tripletThePoetryofDress---R.Herrick54/116WhereissilkmyJuliagoesThen,thenhowsweetlyflowsa︱ou︱ThatliquefactionofherclothesNext,whenIcastmineeyesandseeThatbravevibrationeachwayfreeb︱i:︱Ohowthatglitteringtakethme55/116B.terzarima（意大利三韵句）

Therimeschemeofthiskind:ababcb,cdc,ded,…There’sapalaceinFlorence,theworldknowswell…..aAndastatuewatchesitfromthesquare…..bAndthisstoryofbothdoourtownmentell…..a56/116Agesago,aladythere…….bAtthefartherwindowfacingtheeast……cAsked,whoridesbywiththeroyalair?……b57/1163.Quatrain（四行体诗）

A.Onestanzaquatrain58/116

TheRain---R.L.StevensonTherainisrainingallround,…..aItfallsonfieldsandtree,…..bItrainsontheumbrellashere,…..cAndontheshipsatsea……b59/116B.Morestanzaquatrain

FreedomandLove---T.Campbell60/116HowdeliciousisthewinningofakissatlovesbeginningwhentwomutualheartsaresighingFortheknotthere’snountyingYetremember,midstyourwooinglovehasbliss,butlovehasruiningOthersmilesmaymakeyoufickleTearsforothercharmmaytrickle61/116MyLoveIsLikeaRed,RedRose-----RobertBurnsO,myLuve’slikeared.redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune;O,myLuve’slikethemelodieThat’ssweetlyplay’dintune.62/116Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tilla’theseasgangdry.Tilla’theseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwi’thesun:AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandso’lifeshallrun.63/116Andfaretheeweel,myonlylove,Andfaretheeweelawhile!AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,Thoughitweretenthousandmile.64/116C.BalladStanza（民谣四行诗）

SirPatrickSpens---anoldScotlandballad65/116ThefirstlinethatsirPatrickreadAloudlaughlaughedhe;TheheistlinethatsirPatrickreadThetearblindedhise’eTheyhadn’tsail’daleague,aleagueAleaguebutbarelythreewhentheliftgrewdark,andthewindblewlandagurlygrewthesea66/1164.Fivelinestanza（五行诗体）

ToASkylark---P.B.Shelley67/116hailtothee,blitheSpirit!Birdthouneverwert,Thatfromheaver,ornearit,BouresttheyfullheartInprofusestrainsofunpremeditatedart.68/116Higherstillandhigher,FromtheearththouspringestlikeacloudofFire;Thebluedeepthouwingest,Andsingingstilldostsoar,andsoaringeversingest.69/1165.Sixlinestanza（六行诗体）

TheMoon---Shelley70/116Andlikeadyingladyleanandpalewhotottersforth,wrapp’dinagauzyveilOutofherchamber,ledbytheinsaneAndfeeblewandeingsofherfadingbrainThemoonaroseupinthemurkyeastAwhiteandshapelessmass71/1166.Sevenlinestanza（七行诗体）

PentameterIambic,ababbcc

RapeofLucrece---Shakespeare72/116WhentheyhadsworntothisadviseddoomTheydidconcludetobeardeadlucrecethenceToshowherbleedingbodythroughRomeAndsotopublishTarquin’sfonoffencewhichbeingdonewithspeedydiligenceTheRomansplansiblydidgiveconsentToTarquin’severlastingbanishment73/1167.Eightlinestanza（八行诗体）

A.OttavaRimaPentameteriambic,abababcc

DonJuan---Byron74/116Juanandhaideegazeduponeachotherwithswimminglooksofspeechlesstendernesswhichmixedallfeeling,friends,child,lover,brotherAllthatthebestcanmingleandexpressAndlovetoomuch,andyetcannotlovelessButalmostsantifythesweetexcessBytheimmortalwishandpowertobless75/116B.Triolet（法国体八行诗）Onlytworime:ABaAabaA

AKiss---AustinDobson76/116Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.Rosekissedmetoday,Willshekissmetomorrow,letitbeasitmay,Rosekissedmetoday.77/1168.

Ninelinestanza（九行诗体）Spenser----SpenserianStanzaababbcbccFaerieQueene---Spenser(略)78/1169.Tenlinestanza（十行诗体）

OdetotheNightingale---J.Keats79/116Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspainsMysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,OremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrainsOneminutepast,andILethe-wardshadsunk:‘Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,---Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,InsomemelodiousplotOfbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.80/11610.Sonnet（十四行诗）

A.lovesonnet

theoctave---thefirst8lines:abba,abbathesestet---thelast6lines:cde,cde,cdc,dcd

OnHisBlindness---JohnMilton81/116WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentErehalfmydays,inthisdarkworldandwide,AndthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohideLodgedwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebentToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresentMytrueaccount,lestHereturningchide,---DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?Ifondlyask:---ButPatience,toprevent82/116Thatmurmur,soonreplies;goddothnotneedEitherman’swork,orHisowngifts:whobestBearHismildyoke,theyserveHimbest:hisstateIskingly;thousandsathisbiddingspeedAndposto’erlandoceanwithoutrest;---Theyalsoservewhoonlystandwait.83/116B.ShakespeareanSonnetRhymescheme:abab,cdcd,efef,ggASonnetbyShakespeare84/116ThattimeofyearthoumaystinmebeholdWhenyellowleaves,ornone,orfew,dohangUponthoseboughswhichshakeagainstthecoldBareruinedchoirswherelatethesweetbirdssangInmethousee’stthetwilightofsuchdayAsaftersunsetfadethinthewest,Whichby-and-byblacknightdothtakeawayDeath’ssecondselfthatsealsupallinrest85/116Inmethousee’sttheglowingofsuchfireThatontheashesofhisyouthdorthlieAsthedeathbedwhereonitmustexpireConsumedwiththatwhichitwasnourishedbyThisthouperceiv’st,whichmakesthylovemorestrongTolovethatwellwhichthoumustleaveerelong.86/116Wordsworth（华兹华斯）Shakespeareunlockedhisheart…aglow-wormlampItcheeredmildSpenser,calledfromfairy-landTostrugglethroughdarkwaysandwhenadampFellroundthepathofMilton,inhishandTheThingbecomeatrumpet,whenceheblewSoul-animatingstrains-alas,toofew!87/116Ⅲ.ImageryImagery---istheuseofdescriptivelanguagetorecreatesensoryexperiences.Animageisaverbalpictureofanobject,action,abstractidea,orsensation.Imagesoftenarecreatedbyusingfiguresofspeech.

88/11611.Metaphor---Acomparisonofunlikeitems,thecomparisonisdirectlystated.e.g.Alltheworldisastage.89/1161.2.Simile---thedirectcomparisonoftwounlikeitems,usingthewords“like”or“as”tocompleteit.e.g.Helen,thybeautyistomelikethoseNicearbarksofyore---AllanPoe“ToHelen”90/1161.3.Personification---thefigureofspeechwhichassignshumanqualitiestoinanimateobjectsorabstractions.e.g.BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath

Hekindlystoppedforme.---EmilyDickinson91/116TheMoondothwithdelightlookroundherwhentheheavensarebare.---WilliamWordsworth92/116

4.Metonymy---literally“achangeofname”,afigureofspeechinwhichthenameofsomeobjectorideaissubstitutedforanothernametowhichithassomerelation.e.g.WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspent.---JohnMilton93/116TheSerpentthatdidstingthefather’slifeNowwearshiscrown.---Shakespeare(SerpentStandsforClaudius)94/1161.5.Synecdoche---afigureofspeechinwhichapartofanobjectisusedtorepresentthewholeobjectoridea.

E.g.Notmarble,northegildedmonumentsofprinces,shalloutlinethispowerfulrhyme…---Shakespeare“Sonnet55”95/1161.6.Apostrophe---afigureofspeechinwhichaninanimateobject,adeadperson,oranabstractideaisaddresseddirectly.e.g.Hailtothee,blithespirit!Birdthouneverwent—---PercyByssheShelley96/1161.7.Hyperbole---anexaggerationusedtogiveemphasise.g.Thebrainiswiderthanthesky---EmilyDickinson97/1161.8.Litotes---afigureofspeechinwhichanideaisexpressedbyunderstatementorbydenyingitsopposite.e.g.….Feelingstoo,Ofunrememberedpleasure:such,perhaps,AshavenoslightortrivialinfluenceOnthatbestportionofagoodman’slife,---WilliamWordsworth98/1161

9.Paradox---astatementwhichisanapparentcontradictioncontainsabasisoftruthwhich,whenconsidered,reconcilestheseemingopposite.e.g.I’mnobody!Whoareyou?---EmilyDickinson99/116Myyouthisspent,andyetIamnotold.---C.TichborneOxymoronisapoeticalparadoxSuchas“o,lovinghate!”100/1161

10.Pun---aplayontwowordspronouncedsomewhatalikebutdifferinginmeaning.101/116OtherdevicesImagesalsocanbecreatedbyotherdevices.

1)

SymbolismTheuseofanobject,person,reason,animalorotherconcreteitemtorepresentanabstractideaoranemotion.102/1162)

AllusionAreferencetoanoutsideevent,person,orfact.Mostallusioninpre-twentiethcenturypoetryreferredtoeventsinpeoplefromclassicalGreekmythologyortheBible.Moreofteninthetwentiethcenturypoetsonefindsallusionstocurrenteventsorpersonage.103/116Ⅳ.TypesofPoetry11.TheLyricpoem