新概念英语第三册Lesson+4学习笔记

新概念英语第三册第四课学习笔记Thesedays,peoplewhodomanualworkoftenreceivefarmoremoneythanpeoplewhoworkinoffices.Peoplewhoworkinofficesarefrequentlyreferredtoas"white-collarworkers'forthesimplereasonthattheyusuallywearacollarandtietogotowork.Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.Thiscangiverisetocurioussituations,asitdidinthecaseofAlfredBloggswhoworkedasadustmanfortheEllesmereCorporation.Whenhegotmarried,Alfwastooembarrassedtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob.HesimplytoldherthatheworkedfortheCorporation.Everymorning,helefthomedressedinasmartblacksuit.Hethenchangedintooverallsandspentthenexteighthoursasadustman.Beforereturninghomeatnight.Hetookashowerandchangedbackintohissuit.AlfdidthisforovertwoyearsandhisfellowdustmenkepthissecretAlf'swifehasneverdiscoveredthatshemarriedadustmanandsheneverwill,forAlfhasjustfoundanotherjob.Hewillsoonbeworkinginanoffice.Hewillbeearningonlyhalfasmuchasheusedto,buthefeelsthathisriseinstatusiswellworththelossofmoney.Fromnowon,hewillwearasuitalldayandotherswillcallhim'Mr.Bloggs',not'Alf'.Part1:Lead-inquestion:Q:WhydidAlfwantawhite-collarjob?A:Itwashigherinstatusthanthedustman.Part2:WordsandExpressions1.double:双的doubleroom/bed双人房/床441322（doublefouronethreeanddoubletwo）问题来了：双下巴怎么说？double-chin双下巴双重的：doublestandard/doublelife:双重标准/双重生活2.manual:体力的体力劳动者：manualwork/labour脑力劳动者：mentalwork/labour知识工作者：knowledgeworker3.white-collar:白领（脑力劳动者）blue-collar:蓝领（体力劳动者）pink-collar:粉领(指由妇女所从事的工作，如护士，秘书等)gold-collar:金领（具备独特或专门才能,在公司中起关键作用的雇员）4.sacrifice:v.牺牲，献出(giveup)sacrificeone'slifeforthecountry.sacrificesth.forsth.许多女性为了家庭牺牲了工作。Manywomensacrificetheircareersfortheirfamily.Sacrificesthtosb/sthShesacrificedherfamilytomarryhim.5.curious奇怪的Shewaswearingacurioussmileonherface.她脸上挂着奇怪的笑容好奇的Babiesarecuriousabouteverythingaroundthem.6.smart聪明的；好看的，精致的。asmartrestaurant.Smart+Artisan组合创意词，意为智能机时代的工匠Part3:SentenceStructureSuchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.这句话为倒装句，正常语序为Humannatureissuchthat....Suchislife.（这就是生活）。such放句首要倒装。Part3:Culture社会一般分为三个阶层，upperclass(上层社会)，middleclass（中层社会），和lowerclass（底层社会）如何区分一个人处于社会哪个阶层呢？可以从以下三点来区分。1、clothes.一个人的穿着打扮往往可以看出来他是属于社会哪个阶层的。比如白领一般整天西装革履(Wearacollarandtieeveryday),而蓝领穿工服（inoveralls）Youarewhatyouwear.2、称谓。文中最后一句也可以看到Alf社会阶层的变化会带来称呼上的变化。如做清洁工的时候，别人会直呼其名Alf，变成白领以后，别人会叫他Mr.Bloggs.3、accent.口音。Assoonasyouopenyourmouth,peoplewillknowwhichclassareyoufrom你一开口,就暴露了等级和阶层.剧作家萧伯纳的《卖花女》改编成电影后由赫本主演，讲一个卖花的底层少女通过学习贵族的口音伪装进入上流社会。这本书的序言中写道，“英国人一开口说话，就会激起另一个英国人的妒恨或鄙夷之情。”ReceivedPronunci