语法复习-句子成分市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

语法复习----

句子成份1/36一、句子成份（一）句子成份定义：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份有主语和谓语；次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。2/36句子成份详解表句子成份意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联络动词连用，一起组成谓语，说明主语性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生时间，地点，原因，目标，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！3/36二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等表示。比如：4/361.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）5/367.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式）6/36（三）谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后。谓语组成以下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其它助动词加动词原形组成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语组成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。7/36（四）表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，它普通位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。比如：8/361.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）9/366.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）10/36注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，比如：Heisateacher.2）连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,比如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

11/36注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语状态，性质特征和身份等。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,比如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）改变系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如：

Hebecamemadafterthat.

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表示"证实"，"变成"之意，比如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

12/36（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）13/364.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）14/36宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，比如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，比如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.15/36以下动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.以下动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.以下动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不一样，如stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。16/36（六）宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），才能使句子意义完整。带有宾语补足语普通句型为：一些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。比如：17/361.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）18/36（七）定语

修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成份表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）19/365.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8.Farmerswhosawusstaredatusasifwearewalkingskeletons.(定语从句)20/36（八）状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）21/364.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）22/369种状语种类以下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）23/36Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）24/36

（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面名词或代词做深入解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.25/36练习（一）.指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成份：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial26/366.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.27/3614.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative28/36指出以下诸句中画线部分是什么成份：Ontheleftofmyhouseisanoldchurch.Whycouldtheboilingpointofwaterbeloweratthetopofamountain?3.Iamnotgoingtoworktoday.4.Thisthingisforpeelingpotatoes.5.Whattimewillyouarrive?6.TheGeniepromisedthatifanyoneshouldcomeandsethimfree,hewouldmakehim

veryrich.7.Whatnationalityareyou?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative29/368.Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.30/36(二)。划分句子成份1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.31/369.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.32/3617.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookint