Unit4WeletotheunitReading课件-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第一册

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scienceWlcm&reading1.Whataffectsthetravelofthestarlight?DiscussionThetravelofthestarlightisaffectedbytheair.Whenastarshinesitslightthroughouratmosphere,theairbendsthelight.Astheairmoves,itstemperatureanddensitychange,affectingthewaythelightbends.2.Whydothestarsclosertothehorizonappeartotwinklemorethanthosestarshigherinthesky?Becausebetweenusandthestarsclosertothehorizon,thereisalotmoreair,sotheyappeartotwinklemorethanthosestarshigherinthesky.Discussion3.Whyisaflower’sfragranceessentialfortheplant’ssurvival?

Eachflower’sfragranceisuniqueanditattractsparticularinsectstotheflower,whichhelpspreaditspollensothatseedscanbeproduced.Whatotherfunscientificfactsdoyouknow?Scienceisawayoflife.Scienceisaperspective.Scienceistheprocessthattakesusfromconfusiontounderstandinginamannerthat’sprecise,predictiveandreliable…—BrianGreene科学是一种生活方式。科学是一种观点。科学是以一种精确、前瞻、可靠的方式使我们从困惑走向理解的过程……——布赖恩·格林1.According

tothetitleandthepicturebesideit,whatdoyouthinktheblogpostismainlyabout?Theblogpostmightbemainlyaboutthemicroorganismsandhowtheyaffecthumanhealth.Theseinvisiblemicroorganismsliveinandonourbodyinmanydifferentkindsofforms.2.Wherecanyoufindmicroorganisms?Asmicroorganismsaresotinyandnumerous,Ithinktheycanbefoundeverywhere.Theyliveinwater,soilandair,andonallobjects.Theyarealsofoundonandinsideourbody.3.Howdoyouthinkmicroorganismsharmorbenefitus?

1.Whatistheoutlineoftheblogpost?—A1IntroductionMainbodyConclusionPara.1:Microorganismsinfluenceourbodyandmindinbigunexpectedways.Para.2:Paras3–4:Microorganismsinfluenceourphysicalhealthaswellascognitiveandpsychologicalwell-being.Para.5:Para.6:Microorganismscanbeusedtoimprovehumanhealth.Theworldofmicroorganismsisfilledwithpossibilitieswaitingtobeexplored.2.What’sthemainideaoftheblogpost?Summarizeitinonesentence.Microorganismsareaninseparablepartofourbody,whichaffectusphysically,cognitivelyandpsychologically.3.ReadtheblogpostagaincarefullyandanswerA2.-About39trillion.-Becauseweneedthemtosurviveandgrow.-Ithelpsdigestfoodandaffectsthewaywestorefatandrespondtochemicalsthatmakeusfeelhungryorfull.-Whenthebodyisstressed,illorold.-Theycouldgetridofcurrenthealthissueslikeobesityandmalnutrition.4.Writeasummaryoftheblogpostinnomorethan100words.5.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Eventhough…unexpectedways.”inLn4–6?Ithinkitisasmartchoicetousethewords“small”and“big”.“Small”meansthatthesemicroorganismsaresotinythattheyareinvisibletothenakedeye.And“big”meanstheyplayaveryimportantroleininfluencingusphysicallyandmentally.6.“Ourvery…areborn.”inLn8–9:Whyarethreequartersoftheessentialmicroorganismsconsideredtobeourveryfirstbirthdaygift?Becausehumanbeingsarebornwiththreequartersoftheessentialmicroorganisms,withoutwhichitwouldbedifficultforhumanstosurviveandgrow.Sotheyareofgreatimportancetousandthusareconsideredtobeourveryfirstbirthdaygiftgivenbyourmother.7.Whilescientists…“talk”toeachother.(Ln29–31):Whyarethequotationmarksused?Whatdoyouthinkoftheuseoftheword“talk”?Theauthorusesthequotationmarkstoemphasizetheword.Byusingtherhetoricaldeviceofpersonification(拟人),theauthorvividlydescribestheinteractionsbetweenthebrainandthegut.Ln8-9我们的第一份生日礼物-我们生存和成长所需的基本微生物的四分之三-在出生时从母亲那里获得。Ln16-18每天，我们体内的常驻微生物与入侵微生物竞争，阻止他们立足，从而有助于形成强大的免疫系统,让我们保持健康。Ln24-26如果熬夜或者快速跨越多个时区，体内微生物的生物钟会被打乱，进而有可能干扰我们正常的睡眠习惯。Ln20-21除了能帮助消化食物，有证据显示，肠道微生物还会影响我们储存脂肪的方式，以及让我们产生饥饿感和饱腹感的相关化学品的应答方式。1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthehumanmicrobiome?Giveevidencetosupportyouropinion.Theauthorhasanobjectiveattitudetowardsthehumanmicrobiome.Heusesnotpersuasivebutneutralwordstostateboththescientificfactsandopinions.Thefollowingsentences,especiallytheexpressionsinbold,aregoodexamples.(1)Eventhough…influenceourbody...(Ln4–6)(2)Believeitornot,gut....(Ln28–29)(3)Itisthereforeimportantthatwe...(Ln37–39)QuestionsinA3B1HowdidDutchmanAntonievanLeeuwenhoekdiscovermicroorganismsforthefirsttimeinhumanhistory?Heobserved“littleanimals”swimmingandjumpinginawaterdropletwhenstudyingitunderhismicroscope.2.HowdidRobertKochfindthatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenmicroorganismsanddisease?RobertKochgrewsomemicroorganismsinisolationfromalllivingthingsandtheninjectedthemintoamouse,whichdiedsoonafter.Thisconfirmedtherelationshipbetweenmicroorganismsanddisease.Appreciation1.Inexpositorywriting,theauthorusuallyexplainsordescribesatheoryoranobjectfromgeneraltospecific.Discusshowtheauthororganizestheblogpost.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorstatestheinfluenceofmicroorganismsonhumanbeingsinageneralwaybywriting“thesemicroorganismsinfluenceourbodyandmindinbigunexpectedways”.Thisisageneralstatementofthemainidea.Inthefollowingparagraphs,theauthormakesspecificpointsaboutthegeneralstatement.Inth