北京市东城区2015高考英语完形填空和阅读理解四月自练及答案-11

阅读理解（2014•合肥模拟）Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweight.Andlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage."Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn'twellappreciated,"saidRebeccaG.Adams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro."Therearealotofthingsonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell-beingthanfamilyrelationships.”BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorafamilymember.Itisn'tentirelyclearwhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffect.Itmaybebecausepeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthemtothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavelowerestimatesofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknowneachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared."Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto,"saidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontology（老年医学）atVirginiaTech."Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.””【文章大意】如何保持身心健康？相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的，很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素一一友谊。What'sthemainideaofthepassage?Peopleshouldmakefriendsasmanyaspossible.Friendshipsdogreatgoodtohumanhealth.Peoplewithfriendshaveanoptimisticattitude.Severalstudieshavebeendoneonfriendships.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Peoplehaven'tattachedimportancetofriendships.Afriendcanreplacedoctorsandself-helpbooks.Peoplewithmanyfriendsmayhavehigherstresslevels.Peoplewhohavefriendstendtobefat.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从文章第三段可矩人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。Theauthormentionedthestudyinthelastthreeparagraphstoindicatethat.studentsshouldclimbthesteephillwithfriendsittakesalongtimetomakefriendsafriendinneedisafriendindeedpeopleaccompaniedbyfriendsremainoptimisticinthefaceofdifficulty【解析】选D。推理判断题。倒数第二段中"Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavelowerestimatesofthesteepnessofthehill."表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小，这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐观的心态。InParagraph2theauthoraimstotellus.friendshiphasastrongphysicaleffectonpeople'shealthwecannotbetoocarefulwhenmakingfriendsolderpeoplearelikelytohavefewerfriends60percentofthepeoplewithoutfriendswillbecomefatwhentheygetold【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据本段开头（主题句）可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与"友谊影响身体健康”有关。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Forty-threeyearsseemslikealongtimetorememberthenameofamereacquaintance.Ihaveforgottenthenameofanoldlady,whowasacustomeronthepaperrouteinmyhometownwhenIwasatwelve-year-oldboy.Yetitstaysinmymemory,forshetaughtmealessonofforgivenessthatIshallneverforget.Onawinterafternoon,afriendandIwerethrowingstonesontotheleaningroofoftheoldlady'shousefromaspotnearherbackyard.Theobjectofourplaywastoobservehowthestoneschangedtomissilesastheyrolledtotheroof'sedgeandshotoutintotheyard.Ifoundmyselfaperfectlysmoothrockandthrewitout.Thestone,however,slippedfrommyhandandheadedstraightforasmallwindowontheoldlady'sbackporch.Atthesoundoffracturedglass,weknewwewereintrouble.Weranasfastaspossible.Iwastooscaredaboutgettingcaughttobeconcernedabouttheoldladywiththebrokenwindowinwinter.However,afewdayslater,whenIwassurethatIhadn'tbeendiscovered,Istartedtofeelguiltyforhermisfortune.ShestillgreetedmewithasmileeachdaywhenIgaveherthepaper,butIwasnolongerabletoactcomfortablyinherpresence.ImadeupmymindthatIwouldsavemypaperdeliverymoney,andafterthreeweeksIhadthesevendollarsthatIthoughtwouldcoverthecostofherwindow.IputthemoneyinanenvelopewithanoteexplainingthatIwassorryforbreakingherwindowandhopedthatthesevendollarswouldcoverthecost.Iputtheletterthroughtheletterslotinherdoor.MysoulfeltredeemedandIcouldhavethefreedomof,onceagain,lookingstraightintotheoldlady'skindeyes.Thenextday,IhandedtheoldladyherpaperandwasabletoreturnthewarmsmilethatIwasreceivingfromher.Shegavemeabagofcookies.Ithankedherandfeltanenvelopeinit.WhenIopenedtheenvelope,insideitwerethesevendollarsandashortnotereading,"I'mproudofyou."|.Howoldisthewriternow?.Fortythree.B.Fortyfive.C.Fiftyfive.D.Fiftysix.2.Howdidthewriter呂亡ttoknowth^oldlady?.Theywereneighbors.Theladywasthewriter^customer.Theygottoknoweachotherbychance.Thewriteroftenplayednearthelady?shouse.§.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?.Thewriterbrokethewindowonpurpose.Theincidenthappened43yearsago.Thewriterfeltguiltyafewdayslater.Theoldladydidn?ttakethewriter?smoney.Theunderlinedword"redeemed”isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.excitedB.relievedC.disappointedD.delightedWhat'sthebesttitleforthispassage?.A.AnoldladyB.MyfirstjobC.MychildhoodD.Anunforgettableincident【参考答案】(A)本文作者从发生在自己身上的事情中深深地体会到诚实，知错能改的重要性。1、C事实细节题。第一段'Forty-threeyearsseems...”和"whenIwasatwelve-year-oldboy”两处数字相加即可。2、B事实细节题。根据第一段第二句内容可知。3、A推理判断题。根据第二段：当时才12岁的作者和他的一个朋友玩扔石子，其目的只是为了看到石头从老太太的屋顶滚下来象导弹一样射到院子里，至于打破老太太的窗户当然不是故意的，所以选A。4、B词义猜测题。跟据本句的"...andIcouldhavethefreedomof,onceagain,lookingstraightintotheoldlady'skindeyes”可知作者此时应该是感到心中的一块石头落了地。5、D主旨大意题。本文作者主要向我们讲述了小时候的一件小事对他的深远影响。完形填空。Itwasthelastdayofthefinalexaminationinalargeeasternuniversity.Onthestepsofonebuilding,agroupofengineeringseniorsgathered,discussingtheexamduetobegininafew一1__.Ontheirfaceswasconfidence(自信).Thiswastheirlastexam—thenonto2andjobs.Sometalkedofjobstheyalreadyhad;otherstalkedofjobsthey___3_get.Withthecertaintyoffouryearsofcollege,theyfeltreadyandabletotake_4—oftheworld.Theapproachingexam,theyknew,wouldbea(n)__5_task.Theprofessorhadsaidtheycouldbring6booksornotestheywanted,requestingonlythattheydidnot_二_eachotherduringthetest.8theyenteredtheclassroom.Theprofessorpassedoutthepapers.Andsmiles_9_onthestudents'facesastheynoticedtherewereonlyfiveessay-typequestions.Threehourshadpassed__10_theprofessorbegantocollectthepapers.Thestudentsnolongerlookedconfident.Ontheirfaceswasafrightenedexpression.Paperinhand,noonespokeastheprofessorfacedtheclass.Helookedatthe11_facesbeforehim,andthenasked,“Howmanycompletedallfivequestions?"_12_ahandwasraised.“Howmanyansweredfour?"stillnohands.“Three?Two?"Thestudentsmovedrestlesslyintheirseats.“One,then?Certainlysomebodyfinished13_.”Buttheclassremainedsilent.Theprofessorputdownthepapers.“ThatisexactlywhatI14_，'‘hesaid.“Ijustwanttoimpressuponyouthat,15_youhavecompletedfouryearsofengineering,therearestillmanythingsaboutthe__16_youdon'tknow.Thesequestionsyoucouldnotanswerarerelatively17ineverydaypractice."Then,smiling,headded,"Youwillall一18_thiscourse,butremember—eventhoughyouarenowcollegegraduates,youreducationhasjust_19_."Theyearshave_20_thenameofthisprofessor,butnotthelessonhetaught.A.secondsB.minutesC.hoursD.days答案B这是期末考试的最后一天，学生聚集在楼梯上，这些信息可断定此处用minutesoA.interviewB.discussionC.educationD.graduation答案：D学生通过了考试，面临的就是毕业及就业了。A.wouldB.mustC.hadtoD.usedto答案：A此处表明的是他们中的一些人谈及他们已经得到的工作，还有些谈及他们将要得到的工作，故应用过去将来时。A.holdB.controlC.chargeD.place答案：B这些大学生对四年的大学生活充满了自信，就认为已经准备好，能够在社会上

有一定的控制力了。5.A.interestingC.easyB.necessaryD.unusual答案：C根据下文信息，教授曾说过他们可以带所需的书或笔记进考场，可以断定这场考试很容易。6.A.noB.eitherC.anyD.all答案：C学生们可以带他们所需的任何书或笔记进考场。7.A.listentoB.lookatC.refertoD.talkto答案：D教授只是要求他们在考试期间不可彼此交谈。8.A.NervouslyB.JoyfullyC.QuicklyD.Curiously答案：B根据上文中的相关信息我们可以断定学生进入考场是非常