中国能源状况

中国能源状况(中英文比照)ThePromisingFutureofChina”sNewEnergy一、中国的能源状况中国的能源隐藏量位居世界前列，同时也是世界其次大能源生产国与消费国。中国远景一次能源资源总储量估量为4Chinaleadstheworldinitsenergyreservationandisthesecondlargestenergyproducerandconsumerintheworld.ItisestimatedthatChinahas4000billiontonsofpotentialprimaryenergyreservation.However,percapitaenergyresourcequantityandconsumingquantityisfarsmallerthantheworldaveragelevel.ThemaincharacteristicsofChina’senergyexplorationandutilizationareasfollows.产与消费中占支配地位。Coalistheprimaryenergy;explorationandutilizationofrenewableresourcesissupplementary.China’sexploredreservesofcoalresourceaccountsforover90%oftheprimaryenergytotal,suchascoal,oil,naturalgas,waterenergyandnuclearenergy.CoalisdominantidChina’senergyproductionandconsumption.50%左右。Energyconsumptionvolumeisincreasingwhileenergyutilizationefficiencyiscomparativelylow.Astheeconomicscaleexpands,China’senergyconsumptionisontheconstantincrease.Undertheinfluencesofcapital,technology,energyprice,etc,China’senergyutilizationefficiencyisfarlowerthanthatofthedevelopedcountries.Energycomprehensiveutilizationefficiencyis32%andtheoverallenergysystematicefficiency9.3%.Thesenumbersareonlyhalfofthedevelopedcountrylevel.三是随着能源消费量的持续上升，以煤炭为主的能源构造造成城市大气污3%~8%。Withthesustainedincreaseofenergyconsumption,thecoal-dominantenergystructurehascausedurbanairpollutionwhilewiththeexcessiveconsumptionofbio-massenergygivingrisetoecologicaldestruction,thepressureonecologicalenvironmentismoreandmoresevere.AccordingtotheWorldBank,theeconomiclosscausedbyairandwaterpollutioninChina,approximatelyaccountsfor3%--8%ofGNP.四是能源构造正在向多元化转变，上世纪90年月中期以前还是能源自给率Theenergystructureisgettingmoreandmorepluralized.Bythemiddleofthe1990’s,energyself-sufficiencyratewas98%,whileatpresentChinaisthesecondlargestcrudeoilimporteronlyafterUSA.原油价格和中国日益增加的能源需求将成为摆在中国进展道路上的严峻课题。TherapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomyisbasedonthesufficientsupplyofenergy,however,thehigher-than-normaloilpriceontheinternationalmarkettogetherwithChina’sever-increasingenergydemandwillbeaserioussubjectfacedwithChina’sdevelopmentroad.中国的能源战略期可持续进展能源战略。China’sEnergyStrategyInordertoachievethegoalofbuildingawell-offsocietyandfacetheseverechallengeofthelong-termenergydevelopment,itisofoverridingsignificanceforChinatoadopttherightenergydevelopmentstrategy.Drawinguponthesuccessfulexperiencesofthedevelopedcountriesandalsoproceedingfromitsnationalcondition,Chinawillestablishalongandmiddletermsustainableenergystrategythatisinaccordancewithincreasingenergyefficiencyandprotectingtheenvironment.将来20年中国将实行“节能优先、构造多元、环境友好”的可持续能源进展战略。将依靠体制创和技术进步，实行能源国际化战略，力争实现GDP翻两“十五”202020年一258亿吨标准煤；煤炭消费比例掌握在5.25亿标准煤(1亿千6045％—60％。Chinawilladoptthesustainableenergydevelopmentstrategyofan“energysavingprioritized,pluralstructured,andenvironmentfriendly”natureinthecoming20years.WewilladopttheinternationalenergystrategyandstrivetoquadrupleGDPwithdoubleenergyconsumptionwiththehelpofmechanisminnovationandtechnologicaladvancement.Thefollowingspecificgoalsareexpectedtoreachunderthesustainedenergydevelopmentstrategy:energyconsumptionofperunitGNPwillbereducedby20%ontheleveloftheendofthe10thfive-yearplan;primaryenergydemandwillbelessthan2.5billiontonsofstandardcoalby2020,saving0.8billiontons;coalconsumptionratioiscontrolledunder60%,renewableenergyutilizationreaches525millionstandardcoal(powergenerationbyrenewableenergystandsat100millionkilowatt);oilimportingrelianceiscontrolledunderaround60%;thereductionrateofmainpollutantsis45%--60%.型能源在中国的进展型能源及可再生能源在中国方兴未艾。2007年1月公布的《中国能源个能源消费中的比例。报告指出，第一步，在2020年到达能源进展装机1.2亿千瓦，占全国发电装机总容量的12%，大力推动风力发电、生物质发电、太阳2050年实现30%-40%的战略目标。以下就中国在风能、生物质能、太阳能、地热能等领域的进展作简要介绍。TheDevelopmentofNewEnergyinChinaNewenergyandrenewableenergyonlystartedtodevelopinChina.AspointedoutintheAnnualReportofChina’sNewEnergylinJanuary,2007,Chinawilllargelyincreasetherateofnewenergysuchaswindpower,solarpower,andbiomasspowerintheoverallenergyconsumption.Thereportsays,ourfirststepis;thenewenergyinstalledcapacitywillbe120millionkwby2020,thatis12%ofChina’stotalinstalledpowercapacity.Wewillhaveaboostofpowergenerationbyusingwind,bio-energyandsolarenergy.Thesecondstepis;thepercentageofnewenergyconsumptionwillincreaseddramaticallycomparingtootherkindofenergies.By2050,thenewenergywillaccountfor30%--40%ofthetotalenergydemandofChina.Nowlwouldliketogiveyouabriefintroductiononwindpower,biomassenergy,solarenergyandterrestrialenergyinChina.风能国900多个气象站的测量结果计算出中国陆地10m高度层实际可开发的风能储量为2.53亿kw。另外，中国东部沿海地区水深2～15m的海疆面积格外巨大，中国海上风电开发前景更加宽阔。WindPowerThereareabundantwindpowerwithinourhugeterritoryandalongourlongcoastline.AccordingtothesurveyofChinameteorologicalAcademy,basedontheresultsof900weatherstations,thereis253millionkwofwindpowerreserve10mbelowourearth.ThereisagreatpotentialofwindpowerinthecoastalareaofeasternChina2---15metersbelowsealevel.Therefor,wehaveapromisingfutureinwindpowergenerationthere.12在中国》的报告指出，假设充分开发，中国有力量在80004800万吨二氧化碳排放量。CompiledbyChinaEnergyComprehensiveUseAssociationandEuropeanWindPowerSociety,inaReportnamedWindForce12inCh,tisexpectedthatChinawillhave40millionkwofwindpowercapacityin2020,ifiscoulddevelopfully.Then,thewindpowerwillgobeyondnuclearpowerandbecomethethirdlargestpowersourceinChina.Ifthatistrue,China’sannualwindpowergenerationwouldgoupto80billionkwh,itcouldbeenoughfor80millionpeople.Meantime,itwouldreduce48milliontonsofCO2emission.报告说，到2020年中国市场将需要超过2.5万台大容量风机，风电业销售155年里，20％，是可再生能源技术中本钱降低最快的技术之一。ThereportalsosaysthatChinawillneedover25thousandoflargewindgeneratorsbytheyear2020,windpowersalewillincreasetomorethan300billionyuan,thatwillcreateatleast150thousandofjobopportunities.Itindicatesthatinthepast5years,thecostofwindpowerwillreduceby20%,itstechnologycostisoneofthelowestwhichcanbedecreasedamongtherenewableenergies.生物质能我国在《可再生能源中长期进展规划》中，提出了将来15年可再生能源进展的目标：到2020年可再生能源在能源构造中的比例争取到达16％，其中燃料乙醇的年生产力量到达1000万吨，生物柴油的年生产力量到达200万吨。依据15年我国生物质能进展的重点是生物质发电、沼气工程、生物液体但从总体上看，大多数生物质能技术尚处于初期进展阶段。我国促进生物质能替代石油将主要通过进展燃料乙醇、生物柴油、生物材料三个方面来实现。BiomassenergyAccordingtotheOutlineforMid--longTermDevelopmentofRenewableEnergyinChina,thegoalofrenewableenergydevelopmentinthenext15yearsis;by2020,therenewableenergywilloccupy16%intheenergystructureofChina.Amongthem,theproductionofethanolisgoingupto10milliontons;bio-dieselfuel2milliontons;andthemajorpartofthebiomassenergydevelopmenttargetarebio-energypowergeneration,FiredampprojectsbiomassliquidfuelandBiomasssolidfuel.ThebiomassprojectinChinahasmadegreatprogressnow,butitisstillinaninitialstages.财政部、进展改革委、农业部、税务总局、国家林业局近日联合印发《关于扶持生物质能源的进展。一是建立风险基金制度、实施弹性亏损补贴。二是原200年以前将走上一条高速进展的快车道。AccordingtotheSupportingPolicyofBio-energyandBio-chemistrydevelopmentjointlypromulgatedbyseveralministries,Chinawillgivefavorabletreatmentstosupportbiomassenergydevelopmentinthefollowingaspects:settingupriskfundsystem,providingflexiblelosssubsidy;subsidiesforrawmaterialbasesanddemonstrationprojects;taxreductionisincluded.WecanpredictthatthebiomassenergyinChinawillbedevelopedrapidlyin yearstocome.地热能 TerrestrialEnergy3200255处。初步估量，我国地热可采储量约相当于4626.5亿吨标准煤。近几年我国地热开200512604.6GWH3687MWT，分别居世界第一和第三位。Morethan3200placesofterrestrialheathavebeendiscoveredinChina,225ofthemcouldbeusedforpowergeneration.ItisestimatedthattheexploitablereserveofterrestrialheatinChinaisequaltothepowerof462.65billiontonsofstandardcoal.Inrecentyears,theuseofterrestrialheatinourcountryhasincreasedby7%.Wehaveused12604.6GWHofterrestrialheattill2005withaninstalledcapacityof3687MWT,whichranknumber1andnumber3intheworldrespectively.3座地热电站，全国总装机容量29MW。在华北、东北、西北地区，北京天津西安鞍山等大中城市的地热采暖已取得良好的经济效益和环境效热资源还普遍应用于医疗保健、消遣和旅游。Weusethehighheattogeneratepowerandlowmiddleheattodailypurposes.threethermo-powerplantshavebeenbuildinTibetnow,thetotalinstalledcapacityinChinais29mw.TerrestrialheatFloorshaveseenbotheconomicalandenvironmentalbenefitinthenorthernpartofChinaaswellasinbigormediumcitiessuchas:Beijing,Tianjin