Unit+1+Language+Points1知识点讲义 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

第页XB1U1LanguagePoints1Period1ReadingandThinkingcrucial(adj.)至关重要的；关键性的extremelyimportant,becauseitwillaffectotherthings--crucially(adv.)Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦（得主之一），她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。acrucialfactor/issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定Oxygenandwaterarecrucialto/formostlifeonearth.对地球上大多数生物来说氧气和水至关重要。Parentsplayacrucialroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。Itiscrucialthatstudentskeepagoodstateofmindduringtheexamination.在考试期间学生保持一个良好的心态非常重要。becrucialfor/to对……至关重要 Itiscrucialthat...是至关重要的playcrucialpartin...对……起着至关重要的作用beofcrucialimportance=becruciallyimportant至关重要vital(adj.)必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。Asweallknow,waterisvitalfor/tothesurvivalofthelivingthings.众所周知，水对生物的生存至关重要。Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。Itisvitalthatweshouldtakeactiontostopthedestructionoftherainforest.我们应该采取行动来阻止对雨林的破坏，这是至关重要的。bevitalto/for...对...很重要 beofvitalimportance非常重要Itisvital(forsb)todosth（对某人来说）做某事很重要 Itisvitalthat...(should)dosth……很重要commit(vt.)承诺；保证(vi.)承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或安排等）--committed(n.)尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的--commitment(n.)承诺；投入TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京医学院（现北京大学医学部）。commitacrime犯罪Thepresidentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvestotakingoutaloan.借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。commitoneselftosth/todoingsth/todosthbecommittedtosth/doingsth（被动语态）makeacommitmenttodosth/doingsth承诺做某事objective(n.)目标；目的goal(adj.)客观的In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。TheysetupateamwiththeobjectiveoffindingthecureforCOVID-19.他们成立了一个团队，目的是寻找治疗新冠肺炎的方法。Itishardgiveanobjectiveopiniononthisnovel.很难对这本小说给出一个客观的看法。meet/achieveone’sobjectives达到/实现某人的目标withtheobjectiveof以……为目标Whatis...attitudeto/towards...?subjective主观的，objective客观的，positive表示赞同的，sympathetic赞同的，favourable赞同的，supportive支持的，appreciative欣赏的，disapproving不赞成的，doubtful怀疑的，skeptical怀疑的，critical批评的，tolerant宽容的，forgiving宽容的，conservative保守的，carefree无负责的，ambiguous模棱两可的，cautious小心的，谨慎的，uncaring冷漠的，neutral中立的，contradictory相互矛盾的evaluate(vt.)评价；评估assess--evaluation(n.)评估；评价Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的团队研读了2000多篇中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药物属性。Afterwards,theyevaluatedthedamagecausedbythefire.后来，他们评估了大火造成的损失。Theyareevaluatingwhetherthemethodwillbeeffective.他们正在评价这方法是否有效。evaluateone’sability评价某人的能力evaluatethecosts/value/qualityof评估...的费用/价值/质量distinct(adj.)清晰的；清楚的；有区别的--distinctly(adv.)清楚地；明显地Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。Thetoesoftheparrotareasdistinctfromeachotherasyourfingersare.鹦鹉的各个脚趾就像你的手指一样，是有区别的。“There’sone--theCruciatusCurse,”saidNevilleinasmallbutdistinctvoice.“有一个钻心咒。”纳威声音很轻但很清晰地说。Thereisadistinctsmellofcigaretteseverytimehecomesintotheroom.他每次进房间，都带着一股浓重的烟味。bedistinctfrom与...截然不同obtain(vt.)（尤指经努力）获得；赢得(vi.)（规章、习俗等）存在；流行Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。Hisgreatcontributionstoagricultureobtainedhimrespect.他对农业的巨大贡献给他赢得了尊重。Differentlawsobtainindifferentplaces.不同的法律适用于不同的地方。obtainadvice/information/permission得到忠告/信息/许可obtain...from/outof/through从……中得到……acknowledge(vt.)承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。agenerallyacknowledgedfact公认的事实Ididnotacknowledgethathehaddoneanythingwrong.我不认为他犯了什么错。MichealJordaniswidelyacknowledgedas/tobeoneofthebestplayersintheworld.=ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatMichealJordanisoneofthebestplayersintheworld.普遍认为迈克尔·乔丹是世界最佳球员之一。Mr.Leewrotealettertoacknowledgeourfinancialassistance.李先生写了一封信，感谢我们的财政援助。acknowledgedefeat/one’smistake承认失败/认错acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事acknowledge...tobe/as...承认……为……Itiswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...人们普遍认为defeat(n.)失败；挫败(vt.)击败；战胜Thepartyfacesdefeatintheelection.这个党面临选举失败。Ourteamdefeated/beatthevisitingteamandwonthefirstprize.我们队击败了客队，赢得了第一名。admit/acknowledgedefeat认输/acceptdefeat接受失败/facedefeat面临失败/sufferdefeat遭遇失败anarrow/heavydefeat惜败/惨败defeatateam/theenemy/one’sopponents打败一支队伍/敌人/对手apparently(adv.)显而易见；看来；显然--apparent(adj.)显而易见obvious；表面上的Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药物属性。Apparentlyhedoesn’tcaremuchaboutfameandmoney.很明显他并不在乎名声和钱。=Itisapparentthathedoesn’tcaremuchaboutfameandmoney.apparently/clearly/evidently/obviously显而易见Itisapparent/clear/evident/obviousthat...显而易见的是...insist(vi.&vt.)坚持；坚持要求insiston坚持要求TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。Theyinsistedon/uponbeinggiveneverydetailofthecase.他们坚持要求说明事情的来龙去脉。Theyinsistedonplayingtheirmusiclateatnight.已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。Sheinsistedthatthemanhadstolenherwalletandthathe(should)besenttothepolicestation.她坚持说那个人偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。insiston/upon(doing)sth坚决要求（做）某事insistondoingsth执意继续做某事insistthat...坚持要求（虚拟语气sb(should)dosth）;坚持认为（陈述语气）UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry”获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……”Ontheirarrivalatthestadium,theathletesbegantoworkout.一到体育场，运动员们就开始了训练。on/upon+n./v.-ing一……就……“一……就……”其他表达assoonas;themoment/minute/instant/second;immediately/instantly/directlyleadtothediscoveryof...导致……的发现savehundredsofthousandsoflives挽救了成千上万人的生命leadtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople改善了数百万人的健康状况diefrommalaria死于疟疾bethoughttodosth被认为做某事inthebeginning起初；开始becometheheadoftheproject成为项目的负责人showpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria有望战胜疟疾showpromisein在……方面显示出成功的迹象suggestdoingsth建议做某事acollectionof一批；一些getstuck进入僵局；陷入困境analysethemedicaltexts分析医学文献bychance/accident偶然；意外地drawouttheextract提炼提取物failmorethan190times经历了190多次的失败thegreatvalueoftraditionalChinesemedicine传统中医药的巨大价值ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChineseMedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。Itisanhonour(forsb)todosth（对某人来说）做……是一种荣幸scientificresearch科学研究/scientificdiscovery科学发现Period2LearningaboutLanguagetearandwear（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗...thenewmaterialstandsuptowearandtear...……新材料经得住磨损……Thecarpetisdesignedtostandupto/withstandalotofwearandtear.这种地毯设计得十分耐用。Itwasbraveofhertostanduptothosebullies.她不向那几个坏蛋屈服，真是勇敢。Hisargumentsimplydoesn’tstanduptoclosescrutiny.他的论点完全经不起仔细推敲。standuptosth经得起（检验、审查等）；（材料、产品等）能承受，经受得住，耐（……）standuptosb抵抗；勇敢反对；不甘忍受某人的欺负（或不公平对待）standupforsb/sth支持；拥护conclusion(n.)结论；推论--conclude(v.)断定；推断出；推论出；结束Didyoucometoanyconclusions？你得出了什么结论吗？ScientistsdrewtheconclusionfromthephotosthattherewaswateronMars.科学家们从这些照片得出了一个结论，即火星上曾经有水。Inconclusion/Bywayofconclusion/Toconclude,Iwouldliketothankthoseinvolvedintheproject.最后，我要感谢那些参与该项目的人。Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。Weconcludedtheconversationwithafiercequarrel.我们以一场激烈的争吵结束了谈话。cometo/leadto/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论bring...toaconclusion使……结束 inconclusion/toconclude总之；最后concludefromsththat...从……中推断出 Itcanbeconcludedthat...可以推断出……conclude...with以……结束circumstance(n.)[usu.pl.]条件；环境；状况Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.她的处境是我们无法控制的。changingsocialandpoliticalcircumstances正在变化的社会和政治环境financial/family/personalcircumstances经济/家庭/个人状况In/Underthecircumstances,itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。Under/InnocircumstancesdidIexpectthatIwouldmeetsomanyproblemswhenIdecidedtotakethejob.当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有预料到会遇到这么多问题。in/undernocircumstances决不 in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然如此in/underanycircumstances在任何情况下 in/underanycircumstances在某些情况下Itstruck