初级中学高中动词详细讲解同步练习及答案

#/20例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.（主动语态）—Thenewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.（被动语态）3）谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。例如：宾语宾补Heleftthedooropen.（主动语态）他让门开着。—Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.（被动语态）门由他打开着。4）许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。例如：Wemusttakegoodcareofourbooks.（主动语态）—Ourbooksmustbetakengoodcareof.（被动语态）我们应该保管好我们的书本。我们的书本应保管好。（被动）5）谓语动词含有情态动词时，只变及物动词为被动语态，构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词（vt.）例如：Wemustfinishitatonce.（主动语态）我们必须马上做完这件事。—Itmustbefinishedatonce（被动语态）这件事必须马上做完。6）带有begoingto结构的被动语态，被动结构表现在不定式上。结构为：sthbegoingtobedone。例如：Iamgoingtoclosethedoor.（主动语态）我将去关门。—Thedoorisgoingtobeclosed.（被动语态）门将要关上。6．被动语态中应注意的几个问题1）在被动语态句子中要注意主语与谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。2）主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况：a.have（有）以及和have构成的短语动词不能用于被动语态b.不及物动词没有动作的承受者，不能用被动语态。c.主动句的宾语是eachother或反身代词时，不能变成被动句的主语。d.主动句的宾语是不定式或动词的-ing形式时，不能变成被动句的主语。3）注意有时用主动语态表示被动意义的情况。例如：Thiskindofclothwashesverywell.这种布很禁洗。ThemachinemadeinChinasellwellabroad.中国制造的机器在国外畅销。二、动词不定式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常前面带有小品词to,动词不定式的基本形式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时也可以省略to。不定式可以有自己的宾语或状语。带有宾语或状语的不定式叫不定式短语。1.不定式在句子中的作用1）作主语例如：Tolearnaaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.学好一门外语不容易。如果不定式（短语）过长，可用形式主语it,而将真正的主语不定式（短语）放在句末。例如：Itisbettertoseeoncethantohearahundredtimes.百闻不如一见。2）作宾语Theyallwantedtoseeyouyesterday.他们昨天都要来看你。3）作表语Toeatistolive，buttoliveisnottoeat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。4）作宾语补足语Hewantsyoutocallhimbackateleven.他要你在十一点给他回电话。Ihelpedhim（to）findhisthings.我帮他找到他的东西。（help后跟不定式作宾补，可省略to,也可以保留to）注意：在某些复合宾语中，由于谓语动词的要求，我们往往先用it代表示定式，作为形式宾语，而把真实宾语——不定式放在句子的后面。这类动词还有make,think等。例如：Theyfounditimportanttogeteverythingreadyintime.他们发现把一切事情及时准备好很重要。5）作定语作定语的不定式与经所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词,它后面就要有必要的介词。Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?你还有什么话要说吗？Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么值得发愁的。6）作状语Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.这个孩子还没到上学年龄。（结果状语）Theyranovertowelcomeus.他们跑过来欢迎我们。（目的状语）Tohearthenews,shecried.听到这个消息后,她哭起来了。（原因状语）7）有些动词，如want,like,wish,hope,try,ask,start,learn,agree,teach,decide,understand等，后面可以接连接代词或连接副词加不定式作宾语。例如：Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.没有人能告诉我哪里能找到这本书。Showuswhattodo.告诉我们应该做什么。Idon'tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.我不知道要不要给他回信。3．不定式的时态和语态不定式有一般式、完成式、进行式，主动式和被动式。见下表:主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing1）不定式动作和谓语动作同时发生,这时不定式用进行式。例如：Theyaresaidtobebuildingahouse.据说他们正在建房子。2）不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前,这时不定式用完成式。例如：Iamgoadtohaveseenyourmother.见到你的母亲我很高兴。3）不定式有主动式和被动式。不定式的被动式可以用来：a.作主语Itishappyformetobeaskedtospeakhere.被邀请在这里讲话我很高兴。b.作宾语Sheaskedtodosenttoworkinthewesternpartofthecountry.她请求派她去西部地区工作。c.作宾语补足语Hewantedthelettertobewrittenatonce.他让马上把信写好。d.作状语Shewastooyoungtobegivensomuchmoney.她太小，不能把许多钱给她。e.作定语Therearealotoftreestobeplanted.有很多树要种。4.不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构由“fOr/of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”构成。其中名词（或代词宾格）表示不定式动作的执行者，是不定式的逻辑主语。不定式的复合结构在句子中可以作用主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。例如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpus.非常感谢你帮助我们。（主语）Thisisforyoutodecide.这得由你来决定。（表语）IthinkitnecessaryforustostudyEnglishhard.我认为我们努力学英语是必要的。（宾语）Therearealotofdifficultiesforthemtoovercome.有许多困难要他们克服。（定语）Thetextistoolongforustolearnbyheart.课文太长，我们记不住。（状语）三、随堂监测A组A.hascome B.hasbeengoingC.goesD.isgoing2.Don'tusethatpen.It smoothly.A.didn'twrite B.don'twrite3.Ifit ,Iwon'tgoforawalk.C.doesn'twriteD.isn'twriteA.rains B.willrain4.Thechildisplayingwhilehismother dinner.C.rainedD.rainA.cooked B.cooks5.He inacottonfactorytheseday.C.wascookingD.iscookingA.isworking B.works6.Don'tturnoffthelightI areportnow.C.willbeworkingD.hasbeenworkingA.havebeenreading B.read7.John thefirstpartyinhislifetomorrownightC.amreading■D.havereadA.isgiven B.isgiving8.Myuncle toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.C.hasgivenD.hasbeengivingA.comes B.iscoming C.hadcome9.AtthismomentI wehaveagoodchanceofvictory.D.cameA.feel B.amfeeling10.Myunclenever ahateveninwinter.C.feltD.amfeltA.iswearing B.arebeingworn11.BynextDecember,I fifty-five.C.woreD.wearsA.willhavetobe B.willhavebeen12.Lookattheseblackclouds .C.willbebeingD.shallbeA.It'llrain B.It'sgoingtorain13.Lookout!Thattree falldown.C.It'llberainingD.Itistorain单项选择：1.Theno.12bus totheTownHallandnottothestation.A.isgoingto B.willbe14."HaveyoureadthebookIgaveyou?C.shallD.would

No,but goingtoreaditsoon.A.I'dbe B.I'llbeWe forShanghaitonight.A.arestarting B.startsIthinkshe rightnow.A.reading B.readsBeforelong,he allaboutthematter.A.willhaveforgottenB.willforgetWedon'tgounlessyou soon.A.hadcome B.cameDobequiet!I'mtryingtohearwhattheman A.says B.issayingSmith hisfriendsformoney.A.oftenask B.isoftenaskingTwelveinches onefoot.A.make B.makesC.I'vebeenD.I'mC.startedD.havestartedC.I'vebeenD.I'mC.startedD.havestartedC.isreadingD.readC.forgetsD.forgotC.hassaidD.hasbeensayingC.hassaidD.hasbeensayingC.oftenasksD.hasbeenaskedC.ismakingD.willmakeA.HaswatchedB.watches C.iswatchingwatchingJamesWatt thesteamengineA.wasinventingB.invented C.hadinvented"Thepossibilityofthefloodwasjustreportedovertheradio.""Iknow.Iheardabutit.Theriver thetopofitsbank."A.got B.get C.gets"Where'syouruncle'shome?" inBostoninthepastyears.A.He'slived B.He'sliving C.HelivesI himalotduringthepasttwoweeks.A.saw B.haveseen C.hadseenTheycan'tleaveuntilthey theirwork.A.did B.aredoing C.havedoneWillyoupleaselendmethebookwhenyou it?A.willfinish B.havefinished C.willhavefinishedIsthatthefirsttimeyou Beijing?A.havevisited B.wouldvisited C.visitedvisitingTOC\o"1-5"\h\zShehasworkedinthisfactory .A.after1968 B.in1968 C.since1968D.hasbeenD.hasinventedD.hasgotD.hasbeenD.hasinventedD.hasgotD.HelivedD.amseeingD.haddoneD.finishingD.havebeenD.for1968A.Itwas B.Ithavebeen C.ItisMyparentshavelivedhere .A.since1952 B.formanyyearsago C.manyyeasagoagoMyparentshavelivedhere .A.Ithavebeen B.Itis C.ItwasSofar,she herholidayverymuch.A.hasn'tenjoyedB.didn'tenjoy C.doesn'tenjoyenjoy"Yourarmisbleeding！""Yes,I itwithaknife."A.hurt B.washurting C.havejusthurtHisgrandfather forthirtyyears.A.died B.wasdead C.hasbeendeadMybrother theYouthLeaguefortwoyears.A.hasbeenin B.hasentered C.hastakenpartTheywillbeastallasyousoon,itthey .A.wouldhelpgrowinglikethat B.keeptogrowlikeitC.keepgrowinglikethat D.willkeepgrowinglikethatWeusedtogoskiingintheMichiganeverywinter,but forthepastfiveseasons.A.Idon'tgo B.Ihaven'tgone C.I'mnotgoing"HaveyoureadthebookIgaveyou?""No,But goingtoreaditsoon."A.I'dbe B.I'llbe C.I'vebeenA.willbe B.shallbeC.wasD.IthadbeenD.since1952D.ThatisD.wasnotA.willbe B.shallbeC.wasD.IthadbeenD.since1952D.ThatisD.wasnotD.hadhurtD.hasdiedD.hasjoinedD.Ididn'tgoD.I'mD.amWhenIarrivedinBirminghamthesun A.hasbeenshiningB.shone C.hasshone D.wasshiningJameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe untilyesterday.D.comesA.willcome B.wascoming C.hasbeencomingD.comes"Iheardyoutalkingtosomebodyjustnow.""Oh,I tomyself."B.onlytalkA.haveonlytalkedB.onlytalkC.wasonlytalkingD.haveonlybeentalkingC.wasonlytalkingTheteacher itwasimportanttoknowEnglishgrammar.B.wasalwayssayingD.wasalwayssaidhavealreadyleftB.wasalwayssayingD.wasalwayssaidhavealreadyleftD.alreadyleaveshasbeenlearnedD.learnedC.hadalwayshadsaidAshe Icouldn'taskhimanything.A.willalreadyleftC.hadalreadyleftBytheendoflastterm,We 2,500words.A.hadlearned B.haslearnedWhenwegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane .A.hadalreadytakenoff B.alreadytookoffC.wasalreadytakenoff D.wasalreadytakingoffAssoonasJohn'smother out,hestolesomefood.A.goes B.hadgone C.wasgoing D.weregoingThesingerhadlivedinCaliforniabeforehe university.A.hadbeensent B.hadbeensending C.wassending D.wassentThesingerhadlivedinCaliforniabeforehe university.A.wouldreturn B.hadreturn C.willreturn D.shouldreturnItwasDecember20.InfivedaysitwouldbeChristmasDay.TheLordMayor,togetherwithoverseasstudents, tocelebrateit.D.wentD.hadD.wentD.had beenD.havehadD.arriveD.haveD.comesD.beenD.hasbornD.isn'tWhenIreachedthestation,thetrain already .A.had...left B.were...leaving C.was...leftleftWhileI mybreakfastthemorningpostcame.A.hadhad B.hadbeenhaving C.washavingByeleveno'clockyesterday,we attheairport.A.hadarrived B.havearrived C.shallarriveIwashungry.I nothingallday.A.ate B.hadeaten C.hadbeeneatingeaten"Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow."—"Oh,Ithoughtthathe today."A.wascoming B.iscoming C.willcomeIthoughtthathonesty thebestpolicy.A.was B.is C.wereWhenIwasatmiddleschool,IknewthatWilliamShakespeare in1564.A.wasborn B.hadbeenborn C.isbornHeissorichthatbe towork.A.hasn'tbeen B.haven't C.doesn'thavebeing四、随堂监测B组用所给动词的正确形式填空：LiPingoften (read)Englishinthemorning. he (clean)thewindowsonceaweek.Theworkers (have)sportsontheplaygroundnow.Howlong you (stay)therethedaybeforeyesterday.Who (listen)tothemusic?WhenI (be)amiddleschoolstudent,Ioften (sing).Hisparents (go)totheGreatWalltomorrowmorning. they (study)Japanesenextterm?Whattime you (do)yourhomeworkeveryday.Look!Thestudents (clean)theclassroom.What yourafter (do)yesterday?—He (write)twoletters.There (be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.Myfather (leave)forJapantomorrowmorning.Tom (notlisten)totheradioeverymorning. (be)thereanyhospitalsheretwentyyearsago?I (come)toseeyouagainbeforelong. there (be)anEnglisheveningnextSaturday? youruncle (have)ameetinglastFriday?What theyoungPioneers (do)onthehillnow?They (notgo)fishingonSunday.Howmanyclasses you (have)everyday.It'ssevenintheevening,Tom'sfamily (watch)TV.He (join)thearmyin1985.He (be)stillinthearmyhow.I (visit)myfriendnextSunday.Ifitsnowstomorrow,we (play)withsnow.I (make)alotofmistakesinmytestyesterday. it (snow)outsidenow?—No,it .Where they (live)?They (live)inShanghai.Ifit (rain)thismorning,wewon'tgoshopping.Listen!Who (sing)inthenextroom?Theteacher (notteach)usaChinesesong，he (teach)usanEnglishsongtwodaysago.IfIamfreethisevening，I (help)youwithyourmaths. you (be)theretomorrow?No，I .Where (be)yourparentslastyear?They (be)inXi'an.Why they (go)tothelibraryafterschoolyesterday?Becausethey (want)toborrowsomebooks.What you (do)thesedays?Don'tmakeanoise.Grandma (sleep).Sometimeshe (help)hismotherwiththehousework.Pleasewritetousassoonasyou (get)there.We (show)theforeignfriendsaroundBeijingwhentheygethere.We'llwaittillyou (make)upyourmind.They just (talk)aboutyou.Where he (be)?He (be)tothebank. you (visit)theScienceMuseum?Yes，I . she (tell)youthegoodnews?No，she .Howlong yourmother (teach)Englishinthisschool?Fortenyears.We already (draw)fivepictures.Mygrandson (be)illforaweek. thetrain (arrive)?No，notyet.Ourphysicsteacher (notcome)toworktoday，becauseheisill.Mybrother (make)somanyAmericanfriendssincehewenttheretwoyearsago.She (work)inafactoryforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttocollege.Mr.Brown (live)inLondonfortenyearsbytheendoflastmonth.HowmanyEnglishwords you (learn)bytheendoflastterm? they (pick)alltheapplesbeforethefarmergotthere?Ididn'treturnthebooktothelibrary，becauseI (notfinish)readingit.Theboysaidthathe (notbreak)thewindow.Jacksaidthathe (notgo)overhislessonsyet.Johntoldmethathe (fly)toJapannextWednesday.Didshesaywhenshe (be)backtomorrow?Theheadmastersaidhe (meet)someforeignersatthestationsoon.Iwonderedifourteam (win)thisevening.Hesaidhe (notmake)thesamemistakesagain.Hesaidhe (notmake)thesamemistakesagain.We (have)ameetingatthattime.Tom (nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.Didheknowhe (have)anEnglishlestthenextday? yourfather (go)toworkbybikeeveryday?MrWang (teach)usmathssince1990TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit (notrain)nextSunday.WhenIgothomemygrandmother (make)cakesI (give)thenotetohimassoonasschoolisover.TheEnglishsong (teach)nowovertheradio.English (speak)allovertheworld.TheGreatGreenWallmust (build)intheworld.Canthereport (write)inEnglish?Themountainwill (cover)withthetreesinafewyears.Theyoungtreesmust (tie)tothesticktokeepitstraight.Sofar,manyman-madesatelliteshave (send)upintospace.English (speak)inCanada.Tennis (invent)ahundredyearsago.It (snow)hardnow.We'dbetter (notgo)homerightnow.Theseexercisesmust (do)byyourself.Ourteachertoldustime (be)life.We (notsee)eachothersincehe (leave)here. youever (ride)ahorsebefore?MissGreen (be)inChinafor6years.We never (be)toHawaii.You'dbettertrytogiveup (smoke).It'stoobadtoyourhealth.Whoisdoingwellin (describe)things?Haveyoufinished (read)thebook?Haveyousawsomeone (ski)before?Canasharkstop (swim)?—No,Itcan'tYou'dbettertry (do)itbyyourself.Thestudentskept (talk)aboutthefootballmatch.Ihadacomputerlessonsfirst.ThenIwenton (have)tennislessons.Hehopes (see)thefamousfootballplayerassoonaspossible.Theboykept (ask)strangequestionstohisteacher,itmadetheteacherunhappy.Edisonenjoyed (try)hisnewideas.Heaskedme (speak)loudly.Studentsmuststudyhard (make)ourcountrystrong.Thepolicemanmadehim (stand)intherainforhalfanhour.Wouldyoulikesomethingnice (eat)Ican'tdecidewhichsweater (choose)Hehasn'tdecidedwhetherchoose(tell)thetruth.Hetoldmewhere (buy)acomputer.Willyouplease (nottalk)inthereadingroom.Ihavealotofwork (do).Whynot (come)alittleearlier?I'msorry (hear)that.Whendidyoufinish (pack)? (talk)withherisagreatpleasure.Englishisnotsoeasy (learn)well.Whenmakeshim (think)Iamascientist.Iforgot (bring)mytextbookwithme.LastnightIheardMike (cry)intheroom.Myideais (have)ameetingatonce.Atnight,therobotwatchedhim (sleep).ItkneweverythingaboutMr.Mott.Inthecountry,hecanhearbirds (sing)andsheep (bleat)Myjobis (feed)theanimals.Inabout600years,wewillhardlyhaveenoughspace (stand)inontheearth.Foresthelptokeepwaterfrom (run)away.Heprinterisusedfor (print)documents.Heisbusy (write)hiscomposition.Thefilmisworth (see).Theypreferto (stay)athomeratherthan (play)basketball.Youropinionisworth (consider).Edstarts (carry)thebag,buttripsoverhisshoes.Wearegoingtohavelotsoffun (hike)and (eat)anewkindfruit.Areyougoodat (read)maps?Maryheardherfather (say)hewouldsetoffthenextweek.Doyouenjoy (live)here?Myfatherlikes (read)newspaperintheevening.Thereisnothing (worry)about.Acomputertellstherobotwhat (do).Healwaystellsushow (learn)Englishwell.Ittookmeaboutanhour (go)toworkbybus.Theboxistooheavy (carry).Codyisagooddog.Helikes (follow)people.Theywant (take)somefruitwiththem.Myfatheroftentellsme (notswim)intheriverbecauseit'sover4metresdeep.Annhadnotime (open)thesepresents.Lettheboy (do)itbyhimself.WhenIsawhim,hewasbusy (read)anew动词⑴五、参考答案A组I．1-5CDAAA6-10DCDBB11-15ADCCD16-20CDCBC21-25CCDDD26-30CBBCB31-36CCACBCB组II．1.visited2.hasmade3.isgoing4.sleeps5.inraining6.does7.isleaving8.arrived9.weretalking10.havelearned11.had,started12.works13.isblowing14.haven'tfinished158.mustbesent16.hadplanted17.wasplaying18.see19.hasgoneDo,get21.hadbeenon22.travels23.has,learnedmoves25.wouldgive26.willplant/aregoingtoplantdon'tshout28.couldwork29.wouldn'tsingleaves31.areplanting32.didn'tgivewereplaying34.wouldclean35.havejoined37.comes38.thinks39.isvisitingwillbe41.hasbeen42.hadbegunwillcome44.is45.took46.hasgonedo48.doesn'train,willplanthadfinished50.areswimming51.attacked52.practices动词II五、参考答案A组1—5CCADA6—10CBBAD11—15DBADA16—20CBDBC21—25BCBDA26—30BCBCC31—35CABAC36—40CACBD41—45DDBCB46—50CAABD51—55AAACA56—60BABACB组reads2.Does,clean3.arehaving4.did,stay5.islisteningwas,sang7.willgo8.Will,study9.do,do10.arecleaningdid,do,wrote12.willbe13.isleaving14.doesn'tlisten15.Were16.willcome/iscoming17.Will,be18.Did,have19.are,doing20.don'tgo21.do,have22.arewatching23.joined,iswillvisit25.willplay26.made27.Is,snowing28.do,live,live