Unit1Unit3重点知识讲解知识清单高中英语北师大版

高中英语必修一重点知识讲解Unit1LIFECHOICES【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalk1.I’manewseniorsecondaryschoolstudent.Seniorsecondaryschool(英式英语)；seniorhighschool（美式英语）2.BeingadoctormeansIhavetomakecorrectdecisionsallthetime,whichputsalotofpressureonme.Putpressureonsb.给某人施加压力Eg：Mybossusuallyputsextrapressureonme.3.Althoughbeingadoctorkeepsmeverybusy,withlittletimeforpressure,IhavenoregretsasIlovesolvingproblemsandIgettohelppeoplerecoverfromillnessandinjuries.①Asprep.当作，以…….身份，如同；Eg：Shewasregardedasaherobymassesofpeople.conj.因为，依照，当……时，随着，虽然adv.同样地，和……一样的Eg:Theywereexactlythesameaseachother.他俩简直一模一样。②Recoverfrom恢复健康，康复Eg：Heisrecoveringfromaheartattack.4.Ontheplusside,Igettotravelalotofdifferentcountriesformatchesandofcourse,hearingpeoplecheeryouonisgreat.①Ontheplusside在有利的方面Eg：Ontheplusside，hiscouragehelpshimkeepwalkingtowardssuccess.②Cheeronsb.为某人加油Eg：Abigcrowdedhadgatheredaroundtocheerontheracers.5.Quietudepromoteslearning,frugalitycultivatesvirtue.Onecan’tshowhighidealswithoutsimpleliving;onecan’thaveloftyaspirationwithoutapeacefulstateofmind.静以修身，俭以养德。非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。诸葛亮《诫子书》Lessonl1.It’ssoconvenienttobeabletoparethequalityandpricesfromdifferentonlineshopsbeforeIbuy.It’ssoconvenienttodosth.做某事很方便Eg：Thenewtoolisconvenienttouse.2.MyparentsareworriedthatImaybeean“Internetaddict”.an“Internetaddict”对网络着迷的人；网迷3.Accordingtothem,thereisadangerthatImaynotbeabletotellwhetherthesefriendsarefriends.4.Mymomkeepstellingmetogooutwithmyschoolfriendsinstead.①Keepdoingsth.一直做某事Eg：Theykeptworkinguntilmidnight.②Insteadad.代替Eg：Igaveupmyepicandwrotethislittletaleinstead.Insteadof代替，不是……而是Eg：Hewaswearingascarfinsteadofatie.Hegrumblesathislostinsteadofresolutelyfacinghisdifficulties.，IdoknowIneedtodragmyselfawayfromtheonlineworldsometimes,especiallybecausereallifecanbejustasinteresting.dragmyselfawayfromsth.不做某事Eg:Canyoudragyourselfawayfromplayingthemobilephone?6.Asthepopularsayinggoes常言道/AsanoldsayinggoesLesson2Butmoreoftenthannot,it’sduetopressurefromworkorstudy.但是通常来讲，这是由于工作或者学习的压力。dueto由于，因为eg：Theaccidentwasduetocarelessdriving.Conceitesfromshallowness;arroganceisduetoignorance.骄傲来自浅薄，狂妄来自无知。Due:a.到期的，应得的，应付的，预期的n.应付款，应得之物eg：Jim‘sdueswerecheckedoffeveryweek.吉姆的工会会费每星期会从工资中扣除。Withallduerespect,that’sslightlymoreformal.恕我冒昧，这个说法比较正式一点。Lesson31.Afteralongday,ZhangTianfinallygotbacktohissmallroom,feelingtired.(伴随状语)2.ingtoGuizhouProvincetoteachhasbeenquiteanexperienceforhim.3.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhewasinspiredbythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.Beinspiredby被……鼓舞，被……激励beencouragedtodosth.Eg：Heisinspiredbytheauthor’senthusiasm.4.However,noteverythingliveduptoZhangTian’shope.但是，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。Liveuptosth.符合(标准)；Liveuptoone’sexpectation不辜负某人的期望Eg：Ourchildrendotrytoliveuptoourexpectation.5.Thethoughtofleavingonceflashedthroughhismind,buthequicklygaveupontheideaandfoundwaystodealwiththechallenges.flashedthroughone’smind闪过某人的脑海eg:Aterriblethoughtflashedthroughmymind.Giveup放弃givein屈服，让步giveout分发Dealwithhandlewith处理madehimfeelsatisfiedwasthathisstudentswereabletoread,speakandwriteinEnglish,andtheybecamemoreconfidentinlearning.句式结构分析：S(what从句（was）+P（that从句）+S+L.V+P【GRAMMAR】一、不定式Infinitives1.结构：todo；否定形式：nottodo2.句法功能：在句子中可用作主语（S），宾语(O)，表语(P)，宾语补足语(O.C)，定语(A)以及状语(Adverbial)。Eg：It‘simportanttomeetfriendsinpersonfromtimetotime,notjustonsocialmedia.(S)It’s+a.+todosth.不定式todo是句子真正的主语。Mytargetistopreparemyselfformydegreeinbiologyatuniversity.(P)Itrytokeepthereadinglistupdated.(O)IhavemorefreetimetodootherthingsthatI’minterestedinafterschool.(Attributive)Ihavedoneenoughtoencouragepeopletobelievewecouldwinthegamenexttime.(O.C)Toobtainthedegree,shewillneedtopassalloftheexaminations.(Adverbial)在特定的动词后，不定式可以和疑问词连用：[Verb+who/which/what/how/when…+todo]Eg:Couldyoutellmehowtogettotheairport?Haveyoudecidedwhattoweartotheinterview?IknowwhototurntoforhelpwhenI’mintrouble.二．ed/ing形容词动词ed形式作形容词描述人的情感Eg：Afteralongday,ZhangTianfinallygotbacktohissmallroom,feelingtired.Everyonewasexcitedabouttheconcert.动词ed形式作形容词描述情境、人或事物Eg：Heimaginedallsortsofexcitingthingsaboutlivingandteachinginavillage.Livinginthevillagewaschallenging.Unit2SPORTSANDFITNESS【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalk1.Aplayerfromoneteambeginsthegamebyservingtheballoverthenetintotheothercourt.比赛开始，一个队的球员把球发过网，打到对方场地。servingtheball发球ther’shealthandwellnessaredependentnotonlyondiet,butalsoonsportandexercise.人的健全，不但靠饮食尤靠运动。蔡元培《运动会的需要》Lesson1ogueswasonlymeterstall，whichmadehimtheshortestplayerintheNBA.非限制性定语从句2.Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.tryoutforsth.试图赢得；争取eg：TheseteamsaregoingtotryoutfortheOlympicGames.这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔。on’tletusdown，Paul.It’syourtimetoshine.letsb.down让某人失望eg：I‘llworkhard.Idon’twanttolethimdown.4.“Well,”saidthecoachashehitPaulontheshoulder,“you’vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam,bigguy!”earnedone’splace获得一席之地eg：Heearnedhisplaceinthepanybyworkinghard.Lesson2mouthguards护齿WritingWorkshopheFinalSprint最后的冲刺2.bronzemedal铜牌hetwocyclistsmadeamazingsportinggestures—NavarroforrefusingtotakeadvantageofEsteban’stroubles…两位自行车手展现出了高度的体育精神纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……takeadvantageof利用makethebestuseof充分利用Eg：Youshouldn’ttakeadvantageofhiskindnessbydemandingtoomuch.你不应该利用他的善良，予取予求。【GRAMMAR】定语从句（1）1.定语从句的概念及作用：在复合从句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句，一般译为“......的”；2.关系代词及其用法：【Who/whom的用法】两者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，但从句中的介词提前时不能用who；whom在定语从句中作宾语。Eg：Adoctorisaperson{wholooksafterpeople’shealth.}Sheisthegirl{whomImetattheparty.}Heisthemanwho/whomItalkedtoyouabout.===HeisthemanaboutwhomItalkedtoyou.【which的用法】Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语。Eg：Thisisanoldputer{whichworksmuchslower.}【that的用法】That一般指人或者指物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或者表语。当that在定语从句中作宾语或者表语时，that可以省略。但是作介词宾语时，介词不可以提到that前面。Eg：Thisisanoldputer{thatworksmuchslower.}Itisthemostimportanttask{thatshouldbefinishedsoon.}【that/which用法辨析】①使用that的情况：1.当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.在therebe句型中,只用that。Heaskedforthelatestbook(that)thereisonthesubject.8.当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.9.当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.②使用which的情况1.非限制性定语从句中。e.g.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2.在介词之后。e.g.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3.当主句中的主语被that修饰时。e.g.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.【as/whose的用法】As引导定语从句时常出现于thesame…as,such…as,as…as…,以及so…as结构里，在从句中可充当主，宾以及表语，既可指人，指物，也可指整个句子。Eg：Theexploretookonlysuchmenandthingsashereallyneededintothejungle.Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributiontotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.As与that的区别。①such…as引导定语从句；such…that引导结果状语从句；Eg：Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.②thesame…as,表示两物类似;thesame…that表示两物为同一物；Eg：Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.As引导非限制性定语从句时一般指代整个主句或主句的一部分，此时该从句可以位于主句之前，之后或者主句的中间。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.Grammarisnotasetofdeadrule,ashasbeensaidabove.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.【as引导的非限制性定语从句固定表达有】asweallknow/aseveryoneknows/asisknowntoall/asiswellknown(众所周知)asIcanremember(正如我所记得的)/asweexpect/aswasexpected(正如预料的那样)asoftenhappens/asweallcansee/ascanbeseen/ashasbeensaidbefore(如前所述)Whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语，修饰从句中的某一词。Eg：Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.Unit3CELEBRATIONS【NOTESONTHETEXTS】TopicTalkAmidtheboomoffirecrackersayearhasetoanend,andthespringwindhaswaftedwarmbreathtothewine.爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。王安石《元日》Lesson11.Firstthehousewascleanedfromtoptobottom.MyhostmotherMrsChensaidthiswastosweepawaythedirtyofthepastyearandgetreadyforthenewyear.①sweepaway清除，扫走Eg：Afeelingofhappinesssweptmyangerawayhearingthenews.②get/bereadyfor为......做准备Eg：Allyoucandoisbereadyforthegood.唯一能做的就是为美好的明天做好准备。2.Everyyear,themomentIgetonthetrain,IamsurroundedbyShanxiaccentsIknowthatIamheadinghometomyfamily.①themoment“当......时候”，“一......就”，立刻，马上。引导时间状语atthemoment此刻，当时bythemoment到......时forthemoment暂时，暂且，目前manofthemoment当前的风云人物Eg：Themomenttheclownappearedonstage,theaudiencefoldedup.小丑一出现在舞台上，观众们个个笑得前俯后仰。②besurroundedby被......包围Eg：Thehouseissurroundedbyflowersandtrees.③headto朝某地走去；前往fromheadtotoe遍布全身，从头到脚etoaheadv.到达紧急关头，成熟goheadtoheadwith齐头并进，不相上下Eg：sowedecidetoheadtotheUSmainland.所以我们决定前往美洲大陆。3.Idon‘tgetgettotravelbacktoShanxiveryoften,sowhenIgethome,myparentswillfillmeinonwhat’sbeenhappeningwhohasgotmarriedorhadchildorgoneawaytouniversity.我不经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母都会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地全告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了，等等。fillsb.inon告诉某人关于......的消息Eg：Letmefillyou