(5)-2020通则的变化国际贸易实务

2020国际贸易术语解释通则1.2020国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS2020)主要变化(1)ICCRULESFORUSEOFDOMESTICANDINTERNATIONALTRADETERMS1/OINTERPRETATION(2)DPU1/0DAT(3)CIP术语:CLAUSEAVOCLAUSEC(4)明确费用:卖方负责直至交货时为止所发生的费用注:看似明确实际也不明确(5)FCA:出具已装舶提单(看似用确，实际缺乏可操作)(6)安全问题(7)其他修改

Incoterms2020:修改原因与过程ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.主要原因

对货物运输中的安全问题的日益关注

根据货物的性质和运输灵活安排保险的需要

FCA规则下银行在特定货物销售融资中对已装船提单的要求2.修改过程

2016年10月14日在巴黎总部召开的商法与惯例委员会会议上决定修改。之后通过各种途径广泛征求意见，先后形成三个征求意见稿，收到评论意见3000多份。

国际商会商法与惯例委员会(CLPCommission)与海关与贸易便利委员会(CustomsandTradeFacillitationCommission)、国际商公各国家委员会(NCs)、其他各专门组织(InternationalFederationofFreightForwardersAssociations，InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance,EuropeanShippersCouncil,SenegaleseShippersCouncil)合作2019年9月10日公布，作为向国际商公成立100周年的献礼，将于2020年1月1日生效。Incoterms2020:修改内容ICCrulesfortheuseofdomesticandinternationaltradeterms1.沿用Incoterms⑧2010的标题，以ICCPublicationNo723E出版2.与Incoterms2010相比，IncotermsR2020的实质性变化并不大，术语总数仍为13个，只是比以往的版本更精细化，以更加简明的方式星现所有的规则，包括对语言的修改3.最重要的是聚焦在如何改善呈现方式，以便引导用户针对他们的合同正确地选择Incoterms规则。主要是对引言和解释的扩充、对条款顺序的重新编排，以更好地反映销售交易的逻辑。是国际商会Incoterms规则的第一个包含“横向”展示的版本，即将所有类似条款集中在一起，使用户清楚地看到11个Incotermso规则在处理特定问题上的差异，使用户使用起来更方便。ChangesfromIncoterms®2010toIncoterms®2020TheIncoterms®2020focusingonhowthepresentationcouldbeenhancedtosteeruserstowardstherightIncoterms®rulefortheirsalecontract.ThusThreegeneralchanges:1.MoredetailedIntroductiononmakingtherightchoice;2.Re-orderingwithintheIncoterms®rulesgivingdeliveryandriskmoreprominence;and3.UpgradedfromGuidanceNotesinIncoterms2010toExplanatoryNotestoeachIncoterms®rule.Furthertechnicalchanges1.FCA&BLwithanon-boardnotation2.Thewaycostsarelisted3

DifferentlevelsofinsurancecoverinCIFandCIP4.Arrangingforcarriagewithseller'sorbuyer'sownmeansoftransportinFCA,DAP,DPUandDDP5.Changeinthethree-letterinitialsforDATtoDPU6.Inclusionofsecurity-relatedrequirementswithincarriageobligations&costsRe-orderingwithintheIncoterms®RulesIncoterms2020A1/B1

GeneralObligationsA2/B2

Delivery/TakingDeliveryАЗ/ВЗ

TransferofRisksA4/B4

CarriageAS/B5

InsuranceA6/B6

Delivery/TransportDocumentA7/B7

Export/ImportClearanceA8/B8

PackagingA9/B9

AllocationofCostsA10/B10Noticesincoterms2010GeneralobligationsLicences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalitiesContractsofcarrlageandinsuranceDeliveryTransferofrisksAllocationofcostsNoticesDeliverydocumentCheckingpackagingmarkingAssistancewithinformationandrelatedcostsFCA&BLwithanon-boardnotation1.WheregoodssoldFCAforcarriagebysea,sellersorbuyers(ormorelikelytheirbankswhereaLCinplace)mightwantaBLwithanon-boardnotation.2.However,deliveryunderFCAruleiscompletedbeforetheloadingofthegoodsonboardthevessel.Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesellercanobtainanon-boardBLfromthecarrier.Thatcarrierislikely,underitscontractofcarriage,tobeboundandentitledtoissueanon-boardBLonlyoncethegoodsareactuallyonboard.3.Tocaterforthissituation,FCAA6/B6ofIncoterms®2020providesforanadditionaloption.Thebuyerandthesellercanagreethatthebuyerwillinstructitscarriertoissueanon-boardBLtotheselleraftertheloadingofthegoods,thesellerthenbeingobligedtotenderthatBLtothebuyer,typicallythroughthebanks.4.ICCrecognisesthat,despitethissomewhatunhappyunionbetweenanon-boardBLandFCAdelivery,thiscatersforademonstratedneedinthemarketplace.TheWayCostsAreListed1.IntheIncoterms®2020,costsappearatA9/B9ofeachIncoterms®rule.A9/B9intheIncoterms®2020rulesareconsequentlylongerthanA6/B6intheIncoterms®2010rules.2.Thepurposeistoprovideuserswithaone-stoplistofcosts,sothatthesellerorbuyercanfindinoneplaceallthecostsforwhichitwouldberesponsibleunderthatparticularIncoterms®rule.3.However,itemsofcostarealsomentionedintheirhomearticle:thus,e.g.,thecostsinvolvedinobtainingdocumentsinFOBstillalsoappearatA6/B6aswellasatA9/B9.Thethinkingherewasthatusersinterestedindiscoveringthespecificallocationofdocumentarycostsmightbemoreinclinedtogotothespecificarticledealingwithdeliverydocumentsratherthantothegeneralarticlelistingallthecosts.

ArrangingforCarriagewithSeller'sorBuyer'sOwnMeansofTransportinFCA,DAP,DPU&DDP

IntheIncoterms2010rules,itwasassumedthroughoutthatwherethegoodsweretobecarriedfromthesellertothebuyer,theywouldbecarriedbyathird-partycarrierengagedforthepurposeeitherbythesellerorthebuyer,dependingonwhichIncoterms

rulewasused.

However,thereweresomesituationswhere,althoughthegoodsweretobecarriedfromthesellertothebuyer,theycouldbeSOcarriedwithoutanythird-partycarrierbeingengagedatall.Thus,forexample,therewasnothingstoppingaselleronaDrulefromarrangingforsuchcarriagewithoutoutsourcingthatfunctiontoathirdparty,namelybyusingitsownmeansoftransportation.Likewise,withanFCApurchase,therewasnothingtostopthebuyerfromusingitsownvehicleforthecollectionofthegoodsandfortheirtransporttothebuyer'spremises.

TheIncoterms@2020rulesbyexpresslyallowingnotonlyforthemakingofacontractofcarriage,butalsoforsimplyarrangingforthenecessarycarriage.ChangetheinitialsforDATtoDPU

1.TheonlydifferencebetweenDATandDAPinIncoterms®2010was

thatinDATthesellerdeliveredthegoodsonceunloadedfromthearrivingmeansoftransportintoaterminal";whereasinDAP,thesellerdeliveredthegoodswhenthegoodswereplacedatthe

disposalofthebuyeronthearrivingmeansoftransportforunloading.

2.TheGuidanceNoteforDATinIncoterms®2010definedtheword"terminal"broadlytoincludeanyplace,whethercoveredornot..."

3.ICCdecidedtomaketwochangestoDATandDAP.First,theorderinwhichthetwoIncoterms®2020rulesarepresentedhasbeeninverted,andDAP,wheredeliveryhappensbeforeunloading,nowappearsbeforeDAT.Secondly,thenameoftheruleDAThasbeenchangedtoDPU(DeliveredatPlaceUnloaded),emphasisingtherealitythatthepla