新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4课时作业Unit5SectionⅡUsinglanguage

课时作业(十四)Unit5SectionⅡUsinglanguageⅠ.阅读理解ATheUKphysicistIsaacNewtononcesaid,“Natureispleasedwithsimplicityandnatureisnodummy(傻子)．”Indeed,MotherNaturecanprovidealmosteverythinghumanbeingsneedifwefollowherrules.Butifwebreaktherules,sheislikelytobecruelandlashoutat(抨击)us.TheoutbreakofCOVID­19inChinaandsomeothercountriesatthebeginningofthisyearisanexample.Accordingtosomeexperts,thenovelcoronavirusissimilartoavirusfoundinabatin2017andprobablyhasanintermediatehost(中间宿主)．It'soncebelievedthatthevirusoriginatedfromtheHuananSeafoodMarketinWuhan,HubeiProvince,wherelivewildanimalsweresold.TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatDr.PeterDaszak,presidentoftheUS­basedhealthorganizationEcoHealthAlliance,said，“Thisoutbreakisalessontous.Onaglobalscale(规模),humanpopulationdensity(密度),wildlifediversity,andlandusechangearewhatdrivenewpandemics(流行病)．”Inancienttimes,peopleneededtorelyonnaturetosurvivesotheyhelditinawe(敬畏).Forexample,theAmericanIndiansbelievedthathumansareapartofnatureandnatureisapartofhumans.AncientChinesepeoplealwayspursuedtheharmonybetweennatureandhumanbeings.However,ashumanbeingsmastermoreknowledgeandmakemoreadvancedtools,peopletrytochangeandevenconquernature.Theyusemorelandtomakebuildings,geneticallymodify(改变)plants,capturesomewildandrareanimalstosuittheirownneeds.Inthisprocess,humansgraduallylosecontactwithnatureandeventhrowitoutofbalance.Forexample,cuttingalargenumberofforestsmeanscarbondioxidemustbuildupintheatmosphereanditcontributestoglobalwarming.Althoughwedon'tknowforsurewhatfirstcausedtheCOVID­19outbreak,BrianLamacraftsaidit'stimeto“reflectonourrelationshipwithourplanet”and“reconnectwiththisworldandeverythingthatwe'vebeengiven”.Afterall,accordingtotheUSpoetGarySnyder,“Natureisnottheplacetovisit.It'sourhome.”1．WhatlessondidDaszakthinkhumanbeingsshouldlearnfromtheCOVID­19outbreak?A．Batsareoneofthemostdangerouswildanimals.B．It'simpossibletopreventnewpandemicsglobally.C．Weshouldstopthewildlifetradearoundtheworld.D．Humansshouldlivepeacefullywithnature.2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?A．Howhumanbeingsbeetheirownmasters.B．Howhumanactivitiescauseglobalwarming.C．Howhumanbeingsbreakthebalanceofnature.D．Howhumansusetechnologytoimprovetheirlives.3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．ToreflectontheCOVID­19outbreak.B．ToexplainwhatledtotheCOVID­19outbreak.C．Todescribeexperts'predictionsonnewpandemics.D．Topareancientandmodernattitudestowardsnature.BItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration.We'veseenallwecanseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Whenweareheadingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.Atadepthof200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇)wouldimplode(内爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.Atadepthof3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest­divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.TwelvehumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheChallengerDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,adeep­watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers71%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrockonMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction.Theadventureinthedeepseaisasciencefact.4．WhatdotheexamplesinParagraph2suggest?A．Seaexplorationisnoeasytask.B．Nuclearsubmarinesneedtobeimproved.C．Theoceanisfardeeperthanpeopleexpected.D．TheconditionundertheseaissimilartothatontheMoon.5．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedatthesightofit.D．Itisthedeepestknownlocationintheocean.6．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.Ⅱ.七选五TheGoodandBadofOnlinemunicationOurneedtomunicatewitheachotherisaconstantdrivingforcefornewinventions.Onlineservicesandproductsarewheremostdevelopmentinmunicationishappening.Nowthereareincreasingoptionsforwhen,whereandhowtomunicate,andperhapsmostimportantly,withwhom.__1__Nobodycanseewhotheyareorwhattheylooklike.Manypeoplewhoareshyfeelconfidentonline.Oneusernotedthateveryoneisequalonlineandthiscannotbefoundinface­to­facemeetings.Whenyoumeetsomeoneinperson,youimmediatelymakejudgmentsbasedonappearance.__2__Online,however,appearance,ageandstatusallbeeunimportant,andthisencouragesuserstobeopenandhonest,whichmakesitaloteasierforpeopletomakefriends.Apartfrommakingfriendsonline,theInternetcanbringtogetherlike­mindedpeoplewhowanttodiscussfavouritetopics.Thereareforumsandchatroomsforjustaboutanyhobby,interest,specialabilityorunusualtasteyoucanimagine.__3__SomepeoplespendsomuchtimeontheInternetthattheybeetotallydependentonit.Psychologistsandsocialscientistsworrythatifpeoplespendmoretimewithputersthanwithotherpeople,theywillforgethowtogetonwithpeopleface­to­face.Apartfromdependency,thereareotherobjectionsandworriesabouttheInternet.__4__Beingopenandhonestwithpletestrangers,thenarrangingtomeetthemwithoutfriendsorfamilyknowingaboutitisverydangerousbehaviour.Evenwhentheworstdangersdonothappen,simpleliescanleavepeopledisappointed.Thenthereistheproblemofinformationbeingstolen.TheInternethasledtoanewtypeofcriminal,cyber­criminals,whocouldeasilytakeyourinformationandcouldevenbeusingyouridentityandpassword.__5__Mostusersseemtothinkitis.A．WheneverorhoweveryouusetheInternet,hackerswillbeaconstantthreat.B．Withallthesedangers,isgoingonlinetomunicatereallyworthwhile?C．PeoplelovethefreedomoftheInternet.D．However,goingonlinealsohasadarkside.E．Evenaperson'saccentorthechoiceofshoesformsacertainimpression.F．Mostuserssaidthatgoingonlinehadimprovedtheirlives.G．Notallpeopleseekingrelationshipsonlinehaveinnocentintentions.课时作业(十四)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。开头讲到如果人类违反自然规则，自然会给人类带来惩罚。接着利用新冠肺炎的爆发作为论据，阐述了违反自然规则带来的后果，最后引用美国诗人加里·斯奈德的说法结尾“大自然不是游览的地方，而是我们的家”。从而得出结论，人类要与自然和谐共处。1．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段中Thisoutbreakisalesson...pandemics(流行病)．可知这次疫情的爆发给了我们一个教训。在全球范围内，人口密度、野生动物多样性以及土地利用的变化，是导致新的流行病的原因；以及第一段中Butifwebreaktherules,sheislikelytobecruelandlashoutat(抨击)us.可知如果我们违反了规则，自然可能会残忍地惩罚我们。由此可见，Daszak认为新冠肺炎爆发带给我们的教训是：人类应该和自然和平共处。2．答案与解析：C段落大意题。根据第五段中ashumanbeingsmastermoreknowledgeandmakemoreadvancedtools,peopletrytochangeandevenconquernature可知随着人类掌握更多的知识，制造更先进的工具，人们试图改变甚至征服自然；以及Inthisprocess,humansgraduallylosecontactwithnatureandeventhrowitoutofbalance.可知在这个过程中，人类逐渐失去与自然的联系，甚至使自然失去平衡。由此可见，本段主旨是人类怎样打破了自然的平衡。3．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反思新冠肺炎疫情的爆发。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。地球表面71%的面积是海洋，而我们已探索的区域却不足其5%，比起对太空的探索，或许探索深海更具现实意义。4．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的TwelvehumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheChallengerDeepwiththeirowneyes.可知，已有12个人在月球上行走过，但是目睹过马里亚纳海沟的最深处，即挑战者深渊的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空，人类对于深海的探索更为艰难。故选A项。5．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Attheverybottom，about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.可知，挑战者深渊位于海底大概11千米的位置，是马里亚纳海沟最深的部分，即已知的海洋最深处。故选D项。6．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段中的itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit和Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers71%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.可知，对于在南冰洋的发现，作者认为不足为奇，因为地球表面71%的面积被海洋覆盖，人类已研究的区域却不到5%。故选B项。7．答案与解析