2023北京二中高一（下）期末英语

2023北京二中高一（下）期末第一部分：知识运用（30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Mymomisabouttohaveaspinal（脊柱的）operation.Theoperationis1minor,butdoescarryariskofparalysis（瘫痪）.FriendsandfamilyhavereactedtothisnewsbytalkinginsuchpessimistictermsthatMomhascometo2thiskindoftalkas"psychologicaltheft”.Itoccurswhenotherpeopleincreaseyouranxiety3providingcomfort.LastweekMomranintoGeoffwhoworksforthelocalschool."Howareyou?”heasked."NotgreatJshereplied,"IhavebeenhavingsometroublewithmybackandI'mgoingtoneedanoperation7-unusuallyB.labelB-infavorofB・dangerousB-assumptionB.asB-permanently-unusuallyB.labelB-infavorofB・dangerousB-assumptionB.asB-permanentlyB.deletedB,madeB.strengthsPeoplecouldhavealternativethingsthatwouldbeequallytrue,butmorefamiliartopatients."Thespecialistsinourhospitalsareamongthebestintheworld."That'sagoodone."You'regoingtofeelmuchbetter7 That'sanother.I'mnotsuggestingpatientsshouldbe8fromtherealityoftherisksthey'retaking.Butifthedecisiontohaveanoperationcan'treallybe9,what'sthepurposeofstressingthe10?Ifsjustcommonsensetosay,"Getwellsoon,andhowcanIhelp?”A.definitelyA.definitelyA.chooseA.inneedofA.secureA.intentionA.becauseA.occasionallyA.releasedA.acceptedA.drawbacksC.relativelyC.employC・insteadofC.commonC・emotionC.whenC.initiallyC・separatedC.avoidedC.dimensionsD.typicallyD.mistakeD.regardlessofD・apparentD.descriptionD.yetD.ultimatelyD.shelteredD.reachedD.procedures第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenyoureadthewritingsofConfucius,youwillseea11（constant）recurringword,aChinesecharacter

thatrepresentstheheartofConfucianthought:thecharacterren.Whatisren?Ifyoulookcloselyatthe12(write)character,youcanunderstandwhatitmeans.Theleft-handelementofthecharacterrepresentsaperson,ahumanbeing;theelementontherightstandsforthenumbertwo.Thetwoelements,whenjoined,indicate13(relationship)betweenindividuals,orwithallofsociety.BAnimportantsymbolofChinaistheChinesecharacters-hanzi.Whilethisuniquewritingsystemhasanancientorigin,itwasstandardisedandunifiedbyEmperorQinshihuang.Sincethen,it14(be)oneofthegreatthings15(bind)theChinesepeopletogether,andasymbolofChinesenationalpride.AnotherpopularsymbolofChinaaroundtheworldistheGreatWall.ItwasoriginallybuiltbyEmperorQinshihuang,and16(expand)afterwards.ThepartoftheGreatWallmostpeoplearefamiliarwithwasbuiltbytheMingDynastyinthe14thcentury,though.CChinahasmadesignificantprogressinspaceexploration17thepastfewyears.Thecountry'sspaceprogramhasachievedseveralmilestones,includingmultiplemissionslaunchedbytheChang'eLunarExplorationProgramChinahasalsolauncheditsownspacestation,theTiangong,whichisexpected18(complete)by2022andwillbeusedtoconductlong-termexperimentsinmicrogravityandhostinternationalcollaborations.Chineserocketmanufacturershavedevelopednewheavy-liftrockets,19(enable)more20(ambition)missions.Overall,China'sachievementsdemonstrateastrongcommitmenttoadvancingitsspaceprogramandmakingsignificantcontributionstotheglobalspacecommunity.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ArasNCTATHKrasNCTATHKTheNationalCouncilfortheTraditionalArts(NCTA)isaleadingnon-profitorganizationdedicatedtothepresentationanddocumentationoffolkandtraditionalartsintheUnitedStates.TheNCTApresentsthenation'sveryfinestartistsinfestivals,tours,internationalculturalexchanges,workshops,demonstrationsandexhibitions,mediaproductions,schoolprograms,andotheractivities.ItworksinpartnershipwithcommunitiesacrossAmericatoestablishnew,sustainabletraditionalartseventsthatdeliverlastingsocialandculturalbenefits.TheNCTAseeksFestivalSupportStaffforthe2020festivalseasontoprovideofficeandon-sitesupportforthreelarge-scalefestivals.Positionsavailableinclude:・ProgrammingAdministrationAssistantThisistheperfectpositionforsomeonewithaninterestinhistory,artsmanagement,culturalanthropology,andrelatedfields.Responsibilitiesincludeprogrammingresearch,marketingandpromotion,andeventorganization.Thepositionmayalsoberesponsibleforpressandphotodocumentmanagement,socialmediaupdates,andcustomerservice.Qualifiedapplicantswillbedetail-orientedandorganized,withexcellentpeopleskillsandageneralinterestinthetraditionalarts.Computerliteracyisessential.ThecontractrunsfromMay1toDecember15.FestivalAssistantThisistheperfectpositionforsomeonewithaninterestinarts,culture,andeventlogistics（后勤）whoenjoysoperatinginafast-paced,collegialsmall-officeenvironment.Thepositionprovidesfestivalstaffsupport.Responsibilitiesincludedocumentcreation,travelpurchase,logisticssupport,dataentry,anddatabasemaintenance.Qualifiedapplicantswillbeoutgoingandopen-minded,witheffectiveoralandwrittencommunicationskillsandcomputerliteracy.Priorexperiencewithfestivalplanningispreferred.ThecontractrunsfromMay18toOctober30.ProductionAssociateTheproductionassociateisakeymemberoftheproductionteamwhowillworkcloselywiththeproductionmanageronallfestivalaudio,backline,andlightingneeds,fromplanningthroughimplementation（实施）.Therolewillcontributetothefollowingkeytasks:advancingtechnicalneedswithartists,makingtechbooks,accuraterecord-keeping,andworkingwiththeNCTAandfestivalstafftoinsuresmoothon-siteoperations.Qualifiedapplicantswillberesponsibleandadaptable,withexcellentpeopleskills.Priorexperienceinconcertproductionispreferred.ThecontractrunsfromJune15toOctober30.AllPositions:Experiencewithdatabaseentry,MicrosoftOffice,andAdobeAcrobatisrequired.Musthaveacleandrivingrecord,orreliabletransportation.Someevenings,weekends,andtravelarerequired.Moredetailsandhowtoapplyat:http〃ncta-A.Accordingtothepassage,theNCTA.focusesonculturalandartseducationkeepsarecordofAmericantraditionalartsenjoyseconomicbenefitsfromcommunitiesaimstohelptheartistsinart-relatedactivitiesTheprogrammingadministrationassistantwillprobably.A. plananddesignprograms B. createsocialnetworkingwebsitesC. dealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers D. photographnewspapersanddocumentsWhatistherequirementforallthethreepositions?A. Drivingskills. B. Workingexperience.C. Communicationskills. D. Knowledgeontraditionalarts.BAblogpostedDec7,2018at12:17PMbyAlannaMallonAlannaMallonisaCambridgeCityCouncilor.EachyearinNovember,IreceiveaflurryofemailsandtextsfromfriendswhowanttovolunteerwiththeirfamiliesonThanksgivingasawaytogiveback.Ialsofieldphonecallsfromorganizationswhowanttodonateto

localprogramsthatprovideThanksgivingmeals.However,asanofficialwhostillworksinthenonprofitsector,IalsofeeldeeplyanxiousbecauseIknowtheother51weeksoftheyear,thesecriticalprogramsthatprovidefoodaccesstoresidentsinneedarestarvingforbothvolunteersanddonations.Hungerisayearroundproblem,andeachweekvolunteersarethenecessaryparttoensurethatprogramsareabletoservethecommunity.AtFoodForFree,werelyonabout100volunteersperweek,andeachofthosevolunteersisextremelyimportanttoprovidingfresh,healthyfoodtopeopleintheGreaterBostonareawhoneedit.SchoolchildrenwhotakebackpacksoffoodhomeonFridays,communitycollegestudentswhorelyonourFamilyMealsprogramtothriveinclass,elderlyanddisabledresidentswhoreceivetwicemonthlydeliveriesoffoodtotheirdoorsthroughourHomeDeliveryprogram,theyallrelyonusensuringenoughvolunteersshowuptodothework.Thesevolunteersdon'tshowupinyoursocialmediafeeds,theydon'twinawardsandnoonewritesabouttheminthelocalnewspapers.Buttheyareheroes.Andyoucanbetoo.Ifeveryonemadeapromisetovolunteeronceamonth,orevenonceaquarter,Iknowthatwecouldreducesomeoftheanxietytheseorganizationsfeel,asamorereliablevolunteernetworkallowsthemtofocusonhelpingpeople,notfillingvolunteerslots.HereisalistofafeworganizationswhoaredoingcriticalworkinCambridgetoaddressfoodinsecurity.Offeryourtimetoanorganization,theywillbedeeplygratefulandIamgoingtobetthatyouwillfeelprettygoodaboutyourselftoo.FoodForFree:/volunteer.CEOC:/food-pantry.HarvardSquareHomelessShelter:/volunteer.CommunityCooks:/join-us.MargaretFullerNeighborhoodHouse:Whatcanbelearntfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A・Thefoodsafetyworriestheauthor.Volunteersareneededallyearround.DonationscanbemadethroughtheInternet.PeoplelikegettingtogetheronThanksgiving.25.Paragraph3ismainlyaboutA,theneedforfreshfood25.Paragraph3ismainlyaboutA,theneedforfreshfoodthevalueofvoluntaryworkThepassageisto.A.callforactionC・advertiseprogramsB.thedutyofFoodForFreeD.thedifficultlifeoflocalpeopleB・expressthanksintroducewebsitesCAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly（苍蝇）.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofahousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents（元件）,“saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents."TheaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourownJhesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly."Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedtoJsaidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured（生产）.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers9fieldsoronthebattlefield."Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround/9hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications."Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinsteadJhesaid."Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat.A.theyhadnoready-madecomponents B.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnomodelintheirmind D.theycouldnotassemblethecomponentsItcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB・canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplicationWhichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C・Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyB・RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectInspirationfromEngineeringScienceHarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyTheaggressivespreadofmarketeconomicsandcommunicationtechnologiesoftenunderthecontrolofWesternmultinationalcompaniesbringsnewchallengestolocalculturesandvaluesinnon-Westernsocieties.SometimesitseemsasifatidalwaveoftheworstWesterncultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakespilloutandovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandapparentlyhomogeneous（同质的）.Forsome,especiallytheyoung,changemaymeanescapefromoppressivetraditions.Itmayalsobringnewopportunitiesforculturestobecombinedincreativeways.However,thereisgenuinecauseforconcernabouttherateatwhichculturesarebeingwornawayinsuchaglobalizedworld.Perhapsbyfarthemostimportantfar-reachingeffectofculturalglobalizationisthecommercializationofculture,whichhasadisturbingimpactonlocalpeople'sexistingvalues.Theyareincreasinglybombardedwithnewimages,newmusic,newclothesandnewvalues.Thefamiliarandoldaretobeabandoned.Whiletherewasculturalchangelongbeforeglobalization,thereisadangerthatmuchwillbelostsimplybecauseitisnotvaluedbyglobalmarkets.InWestAfricaforexample,traditionalvalueshavebeenovertakenbyCoca-Colaculturewhichthelocalpeopledon'tyethavethevaluestodealwithsuccessfully.Anothercommonaspectoftheglobalizedcultureisthatitpursues（追求）thesame"onesizefitsall”Americanideal.Theresultofthisculturalprocessofhomogenizationisthatalargesectionoftheworld'spopulationdreamsoflivinglikeCosby&Co.orlikethecharactersinanyotherstereotypeAmericansoapopera.Inaddition,thedreamoflivingabetterlifecausesthousandsofpeopletomovetoalreadyovercrowdedcitieswhosepopulationhasboomedbymillionswithinthelastdecades.Themajorityofthesenewimmigrantsendupinslumsleadingtopoverty,pollutionandmisery.Suchgradualaggressionagainstpeople'sexistingvaluesandcultureshasadestructiveimpactontheirsenseofwhotheyare,whattheywantandwhattheyrespect.Itattacksspiritualvaluesandfaithtraditions.Theaccumulative（累积的）effectinnon-Westernsocietiesisacrisisofculturalconfidence,combinedwiththeincreasedeconomicuncertaintyandcrimewhichglobalintegration（一体化）maybring.Thiscreatesrealproblemsforsocialstability,whetheritisatthelevelofnation,communityorfamily.Inconclusion,culturalglobalization,orworldwideMcDonaldization,destroysdiversityanddisplacestheopportunitytosustaindecentlifethroughamixtureofmanydifferentcultures.Itismoreaconsequenceofpowerconcentrationintheglobalmediaandmanufacturingcompaniesthanthepeople'sownwishtoabandontheirculturalidentityanddiversity.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.non-WesternsocietieswillinglyaccepteconomicglobalizationWesterncultureunitestheworld'seconomiesandtechnologiestheboomingofWesternculturedestroysnon-Westernsocietiesdespiteitsappeal,westernizationshowsanunpleasantuniformityWhichbestservesasanexampleofthe"onesizefitsall“principleinnon-Westernnations?McDonaldreceivesmorecriticismabroadthanathome.ChinesefoodwinsgreatapprovalintheUnitedKingdom.ManyAfricansdreamofamiddleclassAmericanlifestyle.SomewesternyoungpeoplefancyavisittoAfricancountries.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsculturalglobalization?A.Critical. B.Cautious. C.Positive. D.Neutral.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.culturaldiversityinglobalizationB,drawbacksofculturalglobalizationchallengestonon-Westernculturesdisappearanceofnon-Westerncultures第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Self-esteemistherulingviewyouhaveofyourself.Thisincludesyourbeliefsaboutyourinnerqualitiesandhowyouthinkothersseeyou.35Someonecandeveloplowself-esteemevenwhentheyarehighlyfunctionalandgreatlyskilled.Understandingthismysteriousemotionalcurrencymightbethekeytounlockingyourownselfworth.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemdon'tneedtoboastaboutthemselvestoothers.Peoplewithlowself-esteemmaytellyouhowmucheveryonelovesthem,whatagreatjobtheydoatwork,andhowamazingtheyareatprettyeverythingunderthesuneventhoughtheyreallywonderifit'strue.Peoplemayseethemasobnoxiousor“fullofthemselves”,36Theyarenotshyaboutsharingideas,includingconstructivecriticismsofothers.Theyalsotakecareofthemselveswithoutsecond-guessingorapologizing.Theyarethepeoplewhowesayseem“sureofthemselves^.Ifyouarestartingtothinkyoumayhavelowself-esteem,youcanworkonthewayyoutalktoyourself.Whenyouturnoffnegativeself-talk,youcanopenthefloortopositivereinforcementsandaccessthecouragetoshowdifferentsidesofyourself.Itisn'tgoingtofeelgoodatfirst,though.Keepgoinguntilitbecomeslessandlessandmaybeevenafewawkwardlaughsinthemirrormayhelp.37However,inseriouscasesofloworevennon-existentself-esteem,youmaywanttocallinaprofessionaloraspecialist.Goodmentalhealthisimportant,andprofessionalsdoingpsychotherapydonotpassjudgementorgivecorrections.38Itisthebestwaytogetattherootsofyourrealself-esteemproblems.39Itwilltakesomeworkbutyourentirelifefromyourrelationshipstoyourbodyimagetoyourworkhabitswillbetouchedwiththekindofpowerthatonlycomesfromsomeonebelievinginthemselves.Thisisthehardestpart,andthegreatestleap.Withsomechangesandsupport,youcanimproveyourself-esteemandseehoweverythingelsechangesasaresult.A.Self-esteemisnotalwaysrootedinreality,though.B.Youhavethepowertoshapeanewself-perception.Thisencouragesyoutospeakopenlywithoutworry.Therealtestofcharacteriswhethertheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.Self-esteemreferstoaperson'soverallsenseofhisorhervalueorworth.Peoplewithahealthylevelofself-esteempresentthemselveswithacasualconfidence.Withsomepracticeandpersistence,youwillwinthisinternalstruggletoseeyourself-worth.第三部分（32分）第一节（共3小题;40、41题每题2分,42题5分，共9分）阅读下面短文并按要求完成阅读任务。请将答案书写在答题纸相应位置。DiscoveredbyAmateursSomeastronomersspendtheirentirecareerslookingfornewdiscoveriesinspace,butalO-year-oIdCanadiangirlfoundoneonherfirsttry.InJanuary,2011,KathrynGray,whooftenstudiedstars,waslookingatrecentpicturesofouterspaceandcomparingthemtopicturestakenyearsearlier.Thepictureswerejustthousandsoftinyspotsoflight,butGrayspottedastarthatlookeddifferentintherecentpictures.Coulditpossiblybeasupernova（超新星）？Usuallyasupernovaisbrighter,anditbecomesvisiblethroughatelescopeduetothebrightness.LaterGray'sdiscoverywasconfirmed,andshebecametheyoungestpersontodiscoverasupernova.Throughouthistory,importantdiscoveriesinastronomyhavebeenmadebyamateurs.AnearlyexampleisWilliamHerschel,whodiscoveredUranusin1781.Uranushadbeenobservedbefore,butexpertastronomersthoughtitdidn'tbelongtooursolarsystem.WhenHerschelsawitwithatelescopehehaddesignedandbuilthimself,herealizedthatitwasorbitingthesun.ThismeantthatUranuswasaplanet.Andso,themapofournightskywaschangedforever.Thenin1930,amajordiscoverywasmadebya24-year-oldman,afarmer'sson,withnocollegeeducationorformaltraininginastronomy.ClydeTombaughhadbuilta