形容词和副词的比较级及最高级

形容词和副词及其比较等级、否定句、省略句形容词和副词及其比较等级知识点:形容词的句法功能及其在句中的位置副词的句法功能及其在句中的位置形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法比较等级的一些特殊用法及固定句型

形容词的句法功能1.在句中作定语：E.g.Theyoungmanlikessingingverymuch.2.在句中作表语：E.g.Thestorywasveryinteresting.3.在句中作补：E.g.Ican’tdrinkithot（宾补)这东西热得我不能喝theroomwasfoundempty.(主补）4.在句中作状语：E.g.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.5.可用作副词，修饰另一形容词E.g.Darkred/deadtired/wideopen6.名词化的形容词：E.g.thebeautifulcanneverdie.形容词的位置1.形容词作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词之前。2.后置：表语形容词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。E.g.Thisistheonlybookavailable.当被修饰的词是以some,any,every,no等和别的词构成的不定代词时，形容词要后置。E.g.Ihavenevermetsomeone

famous.当形容词后面有不定式短语或介词短语时须后置。E.g.Hecameintotheoffice,fulloffear.amansodifficulttopleasemustbehardtoworkwith.前置形容词排列顺序多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，这些形容词的词序不能随意排列，需遵循一定的规则：限定词（冠词／物主/指示／不定代词)+序数词／基数词＋描绘性形容词（大小／形状／新旧/年龄)＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍、出处或来源的形容词＋表示材料、物质的形容词＋表示用途或类别的形容词。E.g.aprettypurplesilkdressatallintelligentyoungChineseofficerMaryhasjustboughtherself____dress.acotton,blue,expensiveablueexpensive,cottonanexpensive,blue,cottonacotton,expensive,blueAnswer:CIfthetaxiarrives___,weshallmissourflight.latelylatelatenessmorelaterAnswer:BOf+名词“Of+名词”相当于一个形容词，在句中可充当表语。E.g.Heisofhelptoourproject.Heis______tospeakthetruth.toomuchofacowardsomuchacowardtoomuchacowardsomuchofacowardAnswer:A副词的句法功能副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰动词，形容词，副词和全句。主要作状语，也可以定语、表语、宾语补足语。例：Thegirlmadeaverycarefulanswer.Theboythrewtheballquickly.Nearlyfivehundredpeoplewerepresentatthemeeting.Obviouslyheknewnothingaboutme.Themeetingtodayisveryimportant.What’sonthisevening?Wesawthemoffatthestationyesterday.副词的位置1.表示确定的时间副词、地点副词和一些方式副词一般放在句末。E.g.Heclosedthewindowquietly.2.频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词、系动词和情态动词后。E.g.Healwaysgetsupat6.Sheisalwayscomplainingthefoodinthecanteen.3.程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词、副词前。E.g.Thisisaverygoodbook.4.一些方式副词修饰不及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之后。E.g.Weshouldstudyhard.副词的位置5.副词修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后。E.g.Hewrotesomeletterscarefullyyesterday.

6.副词修饰名词时放在名词之后。E.g.TheyoungpeopletherearefromGuangzhou.7.修饰全句的副词常放在句首。E.g.Unfortunately,hefailedtheexam.副词Quite,rather,so,too上述几个副词可置于形容词、不定冠词等限定词之前修饰名词。E.g.She’squiteagirl. Heseemedtotakeratherafancytoher.Sheistooyoungagirltotravelalone. He’sneveragainwrittensogoodabooksince1980.注意区别：He’sneveragainwrittensuchagoodbooksince1980.注意：so在修饰名词时，顺序应为so+形容词+冠词+名词；而such在修饰名词时，顺序为such+冠词+形容词+名词.但如果名词前已有many/much和little/few来修饰，则用so.E.g.Sheatesomanychocolatesduringtheafternoonthathebegantofeelsick.With_______leftbeforeFriday,itdoesnoseemlikelythatwewillmakethedeadline.A.soshorttimeB.suchashorttimeC.soshorttimeD.suchshorttimeAnswer:B

形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则

英语中形容词和副词有三种等级：原级，比较级及最高级。规则形容词和副词变比较级和最高级的规则如下：单音节词末尾加-er和-est,如：great-greater-greatest单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-st,如：brave-braver-bravest闭单节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est，如：big-bigger-biggest少数以-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双单节词，末尾加-er和-est，如：clever-cleverer-cleverest;narrow-narrower-narrowest;以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅单字母，则变y为i，再加-er和-est,如：happy-happier-happiest.其他双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。如：difficult-moredifficult-mostdifficult.

形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则

以ly结尾的副词的比较级和最高级采用more和most形式。如：happily-morehappily-mosthappilyOften的比较等级通常采用more和most形式。如：often-moreoften-mostoften

形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则

不规则形容词和副词的比较级、最高级变化：Good/well---better---bestBad/badly---worse---worstMany/much---more---mostLittle---less---leastFar---farther/further---farthest/furthest(注：farther和farthest表具体概念，further和furthest表抽象概念。)Old---older/elder---oldest/eldest（注：elder和eldest可作定语，表示家庭中看见较大或最大。如：Myelderbrotheris3yearsolderthanI.）形容词和副词前如果加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”。形容词和副词比较级的用法原级As+原级+asHeisastallasI.Helikesherasmuchashelikeshissister.否定Notas…as/notso…asHedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisbrother.

注：as后面的形容词如作定语，而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时，冠词a须放在形容词之后，如GermanisasdifficultalanguageasEnglish.IhaveneverseensobeautifulaplaceasGuilin..

形容词和副词比较级的用法

比较级用于两者的比较，其结构是：含有比较级的主句+连词than引导的从句（从句中常省去意义上和主句相同的部分）如：Therearemorechildreninthisschoolthaninthatone.TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanthatofLanzhou.MaryislesscleverthanJane.DaviddrivesfasterthananyoneIknow.Theyspeaklessfrequentlybutmorecorrectlythanwedo.

形容词和副词最高级的用法

最高级用于两者以上的比较，其结构是：定冠词the+最高级+表示范围的短语或从句（副词的最高级可以没有定冠词the）。如：Peteristheoldestboyofthemall.LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.HeswimsthebestinClassOne.

形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法

1.用twice,threetimes等加as…as结构表示倍“几倍数于”。例：NewYorkistentimesasbigasmyhometown.表示“几倍于”还有下面的说法：NewYorkistentimesthesizeofmyhometown.NewYorkistentimesbiggerthanmyhometown.2.可以用much,far,still,even,alittle,no,any,agreatdeal,(by)far(显然；…得多)等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级.如：Shesingsfarbetterthanothers.Thisisbyfarthemostdifficult.

形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法

3.来自拉丁语的一些形容词如senior,junior,prior,superior,inferior等本身就有比较含义，因此形式不变，后面跟to,不跟than：Heisseveralyearsseniortome.Ihavenotmetthismanpriortotoday.Theyaresuperiorinnumberstous.形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法4.在比较等级中还有以下一些固定句型：Morethan非常，不仅是，超过E.g.Theyaremorethangladtohelp.Hisflattery(奉承)ismorethanyoucanbear.More…than与其说，不如说E.g.He’smoremadthanstupid.Nomorethan只有，只不过E.g.Hehasnomorethantwentyyuaninhispocket.

themore…themore(less)越…越（不）E.g.Themoreknowledgeableamanis,themoremodesthewillbe.Themorehaste,thelessspeed.Moreandmore越来越…E.g.Igetmoreandmoreabsorbedintheworkhere.Allthebetter更好E.g.Ifyoucanfulfillthetasktwodaysaheadoftime,allthebetter.形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法Somuchthebetter(worse)当然更好（更糟）E.g.Ifyoucanmakefriendswithher,somuchthebetter.Forbetteror(for)worse好歹，不管怎样E.g.You’llringusupifthere’sanychange,forbetterorworse.As…as…canbe极其E.g.Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.asgoodas几乎已经，实际已经E.g.Everythingwasasgoodassettled.So(such)…asto如此…已致于E.g.Hestudiessohardastopassthefinalexamination.So(such)…that如此…已致于E.g.Itrainedsoheavilythatwecan’tgoclimbing.So/asfaras就...而言E.g.AsfarasIamconcerned,theycangowhentheylike.

5.表示”因此而更加。。。“，用all,somuch,none等+the+比较级，这种结构后不可在接than从句Hetoldalieaboutit,andthatmakeshisfaultalltheworse.Shelooksnonethebetterforherholiday.(一点也不）Millionsofotherstarsareeven______(big)and________(bright)thanthesun.Theylooksmallonlybecausetheyaremuch________(far)away.Doyouthinkmathsisoneof_________________(interesting)subjects?Yourauntis_________(fat)womanIhaveeverseen.Hedanced__________(badly)thananyotherboyinthegroup.Hiseldersisterdanced_____(well)ofall.Theyallfinishedtheworktwohours______(early)thanusual.biggerbrighterfartherthemostinterestingthefattestmorebadlybestearlierThereareatleast____diamondsintheseaasonland.A.fivetimesmoreB.asmanyfivetimesC.FivetimesasmanyD.asfivetimesmoreAnswer:CItishottertodaythanyesterdayandIdrink_____waterthanyesterday.A.less B.manymoreC.fewer D.muchmoreBeethovenismyfavoritemusician.Iregardhimas________othermusicians.A.Superiorthan B.moresuperiorthanC.Superiorto D.moresuperiortoAnswer:DAnswer:C否定句直接否定储蓄否定部分否定全部否定转移否定双重否定局部否定延续否定不完全否定句知识点：直接否定特点：带有否定词not,no,none,never,nowhere,nobody,nothing,neither,nor等。E.g.Nostudentscamefromthesouth.带有半否定词hardly,scarcely,rarely,seldom,little,few等。E.g.Icouldhardlyhearawordatthattime.带有否定意义词缀(如前缀dis-,non-,un-,im-,in-,il-,ir-及后缀-less等)。如dislike,unhappy,impossible等。E.g.Itisimpossibleforhertotakehisadvice.含蓄否定特点：用名词absence,denial,failure,ignorance,lack,refusal,reluctance,want(缺少)等表示否定。E.g.Hewasafailureasadoctor.用形容词或形容词短语reluctant,absent,different,few,freefrom,ignorant,little等表示否定。E.g.Thearticleisfreefromseriouserrors.“形容词比较级+than”结构和最高级形式也可表示否定的含义，常见的有“er比较级+than”,“morethan…can”,“thelast/least”等形式。E.g.HeisthelastpersonIwanttoseeintheworld.含蓄否定用介词或介词短语表示否定，如off,till,against,behind,without,past,above,beyond,beneath,insteadof,except。E.g.Thecomputerispastrepair.Youhavetogetanewone.用动词defy,deny,escape,fail,ignore,lack,miss,refuse,overlook,neglect等表示否定。E.g.Healwaysfailstokeephispromise.虚拟语气的一些句子表示与现在或过去事实相反的愿望，这种肯定形式的句子所表示的意义往往是否定的。E.g.IwishIcouldsingbetter.肯定形式的修辞性疑问句可以表示否定的意义。E.g.Whocaresaboutyou?

部分否定表示“全体”和“绝对”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all,both,complete,whole,every,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely,wholly,usually,exactly,very,quite,totally等，它们与否定词not连用构成否定结构时，表示部分否定，谓语的形式采用“not+谓语动词”；有时也把否定词移至句首。部分否定表示的意义是“不都”、“并非都”。E.g.Yourwifeisn’twhollytoblame. Suchbeautifulmusicisnotheardquiteoften.Not用来否定名词、数词等构成部分否定。E.g.NotmanyofuswillgototheGreatWalltomorrow.由and连接两个对等的宾语、状语或表语时，如果只否定对等部分后者，可用not…and…结构表示部分否定。E.g.Thebookisnotinterestingandinstructive.这本书有趣，但无教育意义。全部否定如果要表示全部否定“都不”、“全不”等意思，通常要把这些具有总括意义的词(如:all,everything,everyone,both)改为相应的表示否定意义的词，如:none,nothing,nobody,neither等。E.g.Noneofthesemagazinesareyours.表示全称意义的代词、形容词或副词与带有否定词缀的词连用表示完全否定。E.g.Alltheworkersareunkindtothenewone.虚拟语气所表示的与事实相反，因此也可看作是完全否定式。E.g.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavearrivedontime.Not…or结构和not…nor结构也表示全部否定。E.g.Hecannotsingordance./Hecannotsing,nordance.

He________inhissavingaccount.hasscarcelynotanymoneylefthasscarcelyanymoneylefthasscarcelynomoneyleftscarcelyhasnomoneyleftAnswer:B_____hewroteontheblackboardwerecorrect.NonesentenceNoneofthesentencesNonesentencesNoonesentenceAnswer:B转移否定从句中的否定词转移到主句谓语动词。1.主句谓语动词为think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,fancy表示“相信”或“臆测”的动词和表示“感知”的动词appear,seem,feel(asif),look(asif)等时，从句的否定词转移到主句谓语动词。E.g.Hedidn’tfeelasifhewashurt.2.否定原因状语从句的not常常转移到主句的谓语动词。E.g.Ididn’tgobecauseIwanttoborrowthings.

(注：这种情况下的not否定到底是否定主句还是原因状语从句须根据上下文判断。)对句子其它成分的否定转移到谓语动词。1.否定宾语。E.g.Idon’tlikebothofthebooks.2.否定状语。E.g.Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.3.否定主语。E.g.Allbooksarenothelpful.4.否定表语。E.g.Iamnotfeelingverywelltoday.

I________passtheexam.don’tbelievehecan