浙江专用2022版高考英语一轮复习阅读七选五专练四含解析新人教版

阅读七选五专练(四)(限时25分钟)ASomepeoplecansitoutsideallsummerlongandnotsufferfrommosquitobites.Othersgetalotofbites.Whatgives?1.Mosquitoesusespecializedbehaviorsandsensoryorganstofindvictimsbyfollowingthesubtle(微妙的)chemicaltracestheirbodiesleavebehind.Inparticular,mosquitoesrelyoncarbondioxidetofindtheirhosts.Mosquitoesstartflyingupwindtowardsthecarbondioxideastheysenseit.2.

Thingsstartgettingpersonalwhenmosquitoesgetabout3feetawayfromagroupofpotentialtargets.Inclosequarters,mosquitoestakeintoaccountalotoffactorsthatvaryfrompersontoperson,includingskintemperature,thepresenceofwatervaporandcolor.Scientistsbelievethatmosquitoesrelyonthechemicalcompoundsproducedbythebacterialivingonourskintochoosevictims.3.

Ifyoucompareafatheranddaughterinthesamehousehold,therecanbedifferencesintheamountsofthechemicalsthebacteriaaremaking.Researchersfoundthatmenwithagreaterdiversityofskinbacteriatendedtogetfewermosquitobitesthanmenwithlessdiverseskinbacteriadid.4.Thecompositionofthosebacteriacanalsovaryovertimeinthesameindividual,particularlyifthatpersonissick.

Wedon’thavemuchcontroloverthebacteriaonourskin,butscientistsdidoffersomeadvicebasedontheirresearch.5,soconsiderwearingsomethinglighteratyournextcookout.

A.MosquitoeslovethecolorblackB.MosquitoeshaveagoodsenseofsmellC.ThesechemicalcompoundsvaryfrompersonD.SomechemicalcompoundsattractmosquitoesE.It’smostlyabouttheinvisiblechemicalsaroundusF.Usingcarbondioxide,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfrom50metersawayG.Thesedifferencescanaccountforbigdifferencesinhowmanybitesapersongets【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,解释了为什么有些人容易被蚊子咬,而有些人则不被蚊子咬。1.【解析】选E。下句提到“byfollowingthesubtlechemicaltraces”,E选项中出现chemicals一词,与之呼应,同时也是对上段末尾Whatgives的回答。故选E。2.【解析】选F。F项中的carbondioxide与上句中该词属“词汇复现”。是对上句的进一步解释。3.【解析】选C。C项中出现了上句中的chemicalcompounds,与上句谈论的是同一个话题,衔接合理。4.【解析】选G。G项中的Thesedifferences与本段第一句中“differences”指的是同一种“不同”。G项中的“howmanybitesapersongets”与上句语义一致。5.【解析】选A。根据空格后的“somethinglighter”可知,此句谈论的是服装颜色,所以A项“蚊子喜欢黑色”符合语境。【知识拓展】词汇积累specializedadj.专业的;专门的particular adj.特别的;详细的;独有的personal adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的potential adj.潜在的,可能的diversity n.多样性;差异individual adj.个人的;个别的BThehumanbodycan’thandleextremeheat.Theprocessesthatkeepusaliveworkbestwithinacertaintemperaturewindow.That’sgenerallybetweenabout36°and37°Celsius,dependingontheperson.Ifsomeone’sbodytemperaturegoeshigher,thebody’sprimaryresponsetoheatistotryandgetridofit.Togetridoftheheat,bloodvessels(血管)intheskinexpand.1Thatpushesbloodflowtotheskin.There,thebloodcanreleaseheattocooldown.Meanwhile,sweatingkicksintocooltheskin.

2Thatlimitdependsonanindividual’shealth,aswellasthetemperatureandhumidity(湿度)outside.Iftheoutsidetemperaturesarehotterthanthebody,bloodattheskinwon’treleaseheat.Andwherehumidityishigh,sweatingwon’tcooltheskin.

3Inthatcase,peoplecanexperienceheatexhaustion,whichcausesweakness,dizzinessandsickness.Ifapersonstilldoesn’tcooloff,heatstroke(中暑)mayoccur.4Thiscanallowthebodytemperaturetoclimbashighas40°C.Thatishighfever.Withouttreatment,deathmayfollow.

Nooneisimmunetoheat.Butithitssomegroupsharderthanothers.Theelderlyareconsideredthemosteasytobeattacked.Onereason:Theyhavefewersweatglands.Buttheirbodiesalsorespondmoreslowlytorisingtemperatures.5

Manypeopleseeheatasmoreofanannoyancethanathreat.Butclimatechange,extremeheatandhumanhealthareallconnected.AsEarth’stemperaturesclimb,extremeheatwaveswillprobablybecomemorecommon,endangeringmorepeople.A.Thebodycan’tenduretoomuchheat.B.Atthesametime,theheartbeginsbeatingfaster.C.Butthereisalimittohowmuchthebodycanadjust.D.Thissignalsthatthebody’sabilitytoregulateheathasbrokendown.E.Ifthebodytemperaturestayshighforlong,someorganscanbedamaged.F.Ifthebodyhastokeepdealingwithheatwithoutabreak,itgetswornout.G.Children,too,areatriskbecausetheyhaven’tfullydevelopedtheabilitytoregulateheat.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了过高的温度对人生命的影响。1.【解析】选B。根据空格后的句子“Thatpushesbloodflowtotheskin.”可知,上句应该涉及心脏的内容。故选B。2.【解析】选C。空格位于段首,一般起到上下段之间逻辑联系的作用。上段提到血液和汗液对降温的作用。本段下文提到个体情况以及外部温度对体温调剂的影响。上下段之间为转折关系,C项符合语境。3.【解析】选F。根据下句中的Inthatcase,可知空格处与下句之间为因果关系。再根据下句中exhaustion与F项中的同义转换词wornout可知,F项正确。4.【解析】选D。根据前面的“heatstrokemayoccur”可知,D项(这表明身体调节热量的能力已经崩溃)语意连贯,符合语境。5.【解析】选G。本段先提出“ithitssomegroupsharderthanothers”,然后举例说明这一现象,第一个例子为“Theelderly...”;G项,“Children,too,areatrisk”与第一个例子并列,逻辑合理。CHowtheInternetWorksTheInternetConnectsSmallerNetworksInaverysimplecomputernetwork,twocomputersarelinkedtogetherinordertocommunicate.1.Youcanexpandthatnetworktoincludemorecomputerseasilywitharouter.Whenonerouterisconnectedtoanother,thenetworkisabletoscalewithoutlimit.

CommunicatingovertheInternetOntheInternet,datafromindividualcomputersandnetworksissenttotheuser’sInternetserviceprovider(ISP).2.UserscancommunicatewithaspecificcomputerontheInterneteitherbytypinginthecomputer’sInternetprotocol(IP)addressorbyusingitsdomainname(域名).

TraditionalInternetInfrastructure(基础设施)3.Modemschangethedatafrombusinessandhomenetworksintoinformationthatcanbemanagedoverthetelephoneinfrastructure.Insteadofthepoint-to-pointcircuitswitchingusedintraditionalvoicecalling,theInternetusespacketswitchingforsendingdataamongcountlesscomputers.

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Whilethetwowordsaresometimesusedalmostinterchangeably,theInternetisnotthesamethingastheWeb.TheWebisaservicebuiltontopoftheInternet.Fortypingindomainnamesandbrowsingwebsites,end-usersrelyonWebbrowsersoftware.Webbrowserssendmessagestocertaincomputersonthenetwork,whichareknownasWebservers.RiseoftheMobileInternetWiththepopularityofmobilesmartphonesandtabletscomputers,amobileInternethasarisenthatusestowerstopassinformationtoandfromsatellites.Thephonesusetheirbuilt-inantennas(天线)tosendinformationtothetowersandfetchdata.5.

A.TheInternetisdifferentfromtheWebB.WeusetwowordstodescribetheInternetC.Typically,thisisdoneeitherphysicallyorwirelesslyD.Traditionally,thedatatraffichasrunovercablenetworksE.Generally,wecancommunicatewitheachotherviathesatelliteF.EachISPrunsspecialrouterscapableofcommunicatingwithothersG.Thus,cellphonescanbeusedwhereveryoucanconnectwithatowerstation【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了网络的运行方式。1.【解析】选C。考查上下文联系。本段解释什么是电脑网络,C项中的this指代上文中的“simplecomputernetwork”,C项符合语境。2.【解析】选F。考查上下文语义的连续性。根据关联信息ISP可知,F项与上句涉及的内容一致。符合语境。3.【解析】选D。考查上下文语义的连续性。根据D项中Traditionally可知,此选项与标题语义一致,cablenetworks与标题中的Infrastructure语义有关联。故选D。4.【解析】选A。考查段落标题。本段主要讲述Internet与Web两个词的不同。故选A。5.【解析】选G。考查总结与归纳。本段主要讲述移动网络,以及手机接收信息的原理,故G项顺承上句,符合语境。【知识拓展】长难句分析Modemschangethedatafrombusinessandhomenetworksintoinformationthatcanbemanagedoverthetelephoneinfrastructure.分析:modems调制解调器;change...into...把……转换成……;telephoneinfrastructure电话基础设施;that引导定语从句,修饰information。译文:调制解调器将来自商业和家庭网络的数据转换成可以通过电话基础设施进行管理的信息。DPushyourselfandyou’llfindhowstrongyouareHowstrongareyou?Thatisatoughquestiontoanswerbothtoamanandawoman.Buthowdoyoudefineyourstrength?Howdoyouknowyourlimits?1Whenpushcomestopress,weoftendiscoverthatwearemuchstrongerthanwethink.

2Strengthisnotalwaysaboutpurephysicalstrength.Rather,itisaboutwillpower.Itisaboutthecapacitytogetthingsdone.

Iknowsomepeoplewhoareintellectuallystrong,buttheygetverylittledoneintheirjobs.AndIknowotherswhofindworkextremelychallenging,butareabletomovemountainsbytheirfulldriveandhardwork.Theypossessinnerstrength.Moreinterestingisthattheseproductivehard-workersoftendon’tevennoticetheload.Bystandersarenotonlyamazedbutoftenask,“Howdoyoudoit?”Theanswerusuallycomesback,“Ijustworkharderthantheothers.”So,whyaresomepeopleabletodomore?Whatgivesthemaddeddrive?Whatgivesthemextrastrength?Coulditbe,theyhavesimplygiventhemselvespermissiontodomore?Self-setlimits.3Sometimestheseboundariesarebasedonpastexperiences.Sometimestheyarebasedonsensedcapacities.Sometimestheselimitsarebasedonnothing.So,howdowebreakthroughtheselimits?Howdowegetstronger?

Pushingit.Manypeoplearegoingthroughthemotions,butarenowhereneartheirlimits.4Pushingitiswhatittakestoincreaseyourlimits.

Inthegym,bodybuildersdiscoveredthislongago.But,thesameprincipleistruewhenitcomestoinnerstrength.Disciplineanddrive.Wanttotestyourlimits?Pushyourself.Testyourself-awarelimitationtoseehowaccuratetheyare.Makesureyourgoalsareslightlybeyondwhatyouthinkcanbeachieved.Youarestrongerthanyouthink.Mostpeopleunderestimatetheirstrength.Asyougothroughyourday,challengeyourcapacity.Testyourlimits.Pushyourselftofindyourtrueboundariesanddefineyourstrength.5

A.WhatisStrength?B.Canyoubesureifyouhaven’ttried?C.Howdoyouknowjusthowmuchyou’vegot?D.WhatIhaveobservedisthatmostpeoplesettheirownlimits.E.Ifyouwanttobestronger,youhavetopushyourboundaries.F.Whenyoudiscoverhowmuchyou’vereallygot,youmaysurpriseevenyourself.G.Theylimittheiroutput