外研版高中英语必修三 （Knowing meknowing you）PartⅡ 新课件

Unit1

Knowingme，knowingyou

PartⅡ

Usinglanguage——动词-ed形式作状语【思维导图】名师提醒动词－ed形式属于非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词，就是指在句子中不作谓语的动词。由于非谓语动词不能单独用作谓语，所以从理论上说，它也就没有实际意义上的主语。1.动词-ed形式是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成(规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。

2.动词-ed形式作状语，相当于状语从句或并列句；通常情况下，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，与主语间为被动关系；该动作表示被动、完成；分词可位于句首和句后；动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式在句中都可作状语，但有很大区别。一、基础特征感悟【感悟用法】1.Satisfiedwithwhathedid，theteacherpraisedhiminclass.2.Somemedicines，wronglytaken，cankillaperson.3paredwithyou，Istillhavealongwaytogo.4.Encouragedbyhisparents，hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties.5.Thepatientgotoffthebed，supportedbythenurse.6.Thecupfelldowntotheground，broken.【自我总结】1.所有句子中动词-ed形式都作状语，其逻辑主语都是句子的主语，与主语间为被动含义。2.动词-ed形式的位置可以在句子开头、中间和末尾。3.以上句子中的动词-ed形式分别作____________、____________、____________、____________、____________、____________状语。原因时间条件让步方式结果二、主要用法精讲【重点归纳】1.动词-ed形式作状语的意义动词-ed形式作状语来源于状语从句或并列句。可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。表示时间、原因、条件、让步时，动词-ed形式可以拓展成相应的状语从句，表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。(1)作时间状语时，相当于when或while等引导的从句。Seenfromthetopofthehill(＝Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill)，theschoollookslikeabiggarden.(2)作条件状语时，可转换为once，if或unless等引导的从句。Givenmoreattention(＝Ifitwasgivenmoreattention)，thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.(3)作原因状语时，可转换为because，as或since等引导的从句。Encouraged(＝Asshewasencouraged)bytheteacher，thegirlwasveryhappy.(4)作让步状语时，可转换为though，although或evenif引导的从句。Left(＝Althoughshewasleft)aloneathome，Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.(5)作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。Surroundedbyhisstudents，theteacherwentintothelab.(＝Theteacherwassurroundedbyhisstudentsandhewentintothelab.)2.动词-ed形式与主语间的关系通常情况下，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，也就是说，动词-ed形式与句子的主语之间是动宾关系，主语与动词间是被动含义。Encouragedbytheirteacher，thestudentsworkedevenharder.受老师的鼓励，学生们学习更努力了。由句子含义可看出，句子主语thestudents是动词encourage的宾语，即动作的承受者，encouragethestudents鼓励学生，故主语thestudents与encourage之间为被动含义。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。同样，句子主语I和分词动作give间为被动关系。3.动词-ed形式作状语表示被动、完成的动作(1)及物动词的动词-ed形式既表被动，也表完成。Writteninahurry，thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(2)不及物动词的动词-ed形式只表完成，不表被动。Theboyisgatheringfallenleaves(＝leavesthathavefallen).小男孩正在收集落叶。4.动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语的区别动词-ing形式作状语与动词-ed形式作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系不同。(1)动词-ing形式作状语时，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Hewentout，shuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后将门随手关上。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)动词-ed形式作状语时，动词-ed形式所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Givenmoreencouragement，theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多给这个男孩一些鼓励，他可能会表现得更好。Askedwhyhedidit，themonitorsaiditwashisduty.当被问及为什么做这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。比较：Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。【名师提醒】选择动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式，关键看主句的主语。如果分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用动词-ing形式，反之就用动词-ed形式。即学即练1用状语从句替换句中黑体部分①Askedwhyhewaslate，hewentred.________________________________________________________________________②United，westand；divided，wefall.________________________________________________________________________③Inspiredbywhathesaid，wearedeterminedtostudyhard.________________________________________________________________________WhenhewasaskedwhyhewaslateIfweareunited；ifwearedividedSince/Becauseweareinspiredbywhathesaid④Anoldmanentered，supportedbyagirl.________________________________________________________________________⑤Wounded，thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.________________________________________________________________________⑥Givenanotherchance，I’lldoitmuchbetter.________________________________________________________________________andhewassupportedbyagirlThoughhewaswoundedIfIamgivenanotherchance名师提醒部分动词－ed形式来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这类动词－ed形式及短语常见的有：lostin(陷入某种状态)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着)，stationed(驻扎)，lost/absorbedin(沉溺于，专心于)，bornin(出身于)，dressedin(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦了)，facedwith(面对……)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，hedidn’thearthesound.因为专心于思考，所以他没有听到那个声音。Borninthisbeautifultown，hehatestoleaveit.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。名师提醒动词－ed形式作状语的位置动词－ed形式可放在主句前作状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。Hestoodtheresilently，movedtotears.＝Movedtotears，hestoodtheresilently.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。即学即练2单句语法填空①____________(catch)inaheavyrain，hewasallwet.②____________(fright)bythenoiseinthenight，thegirldidn’tdaretosleepinherroom.③Thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforest，____________(follow)byhiswolfdog.④____________(read)carefully，hefoundsomethinghehadn’tknownbefore.⑤Not____________(know)howtooperatethemachine，theywenttotheexpertforhelp.⑥____________(print)white，thehouselooksbigger.⑦____________(lie)stillinthegrass，heheardthesoundofthewild.⑧____________(behave)yourself，youwillgetaniceaward.CaughtFrightenedfollowedReadingknowingPrintedLyingBehavingUnit1

Knowingme，knowingyou

PartⅢ

DevelopingideasLittleWhiteLies(1)Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago，theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell-knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry：Oh，what

a

tangledweb

we

weave，When

first

we

practise

to

deceive!(2)Weallknowthathonestyisanimportantvalueandthatlyingiswrong，butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledge(3)thatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”：littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.We’veallsurelyhadtheexperienceofsomeone(4)cookingamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofusofcoursedon’ttellthetruth—welieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut，wesay“It’sgreat！”，evenifwethinkit’sawful.But(5)towhatextentcanwejustifytellingwhitelieslikethese?Oneofthemainreasonsfortellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.However，(6)whenwelieandsaythatsomeone’shaircutlooksgood，orwhenwesaythatweloveamealthatwesecretlyhate，arewereallyhopingtoimprovethesituationforsomeoneelse?Perhapsweareinfactlyingtoprotectourselvesfromthedisappointmentandangerofothers.Anotherreasonfortellingawhitelieistogiveencouragement.Sayforexamplethatyourfriendasksyouwhatyouthinkofhissinging.Youofcoursesaythatit’swonderful，despitesecretlythinkingthatyourcatcansingbetter.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps，theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.Finally，wemayalsotellawhiteliewhenwewanttoprotectothersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday，doyoutellyourparentsaboutit，ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”？(7)Ifthelatter，don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings？Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines，wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.Perhaps(8)themealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Wouldyourfriendtrustyouropinionagainifhefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover，howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?(1)Written过去分词短语作状语，byWalterScott介词短语作定语。(2)but连接前后两个并列句，前一分句中and连接两个that...引导的并列宾语从句，且第二个引导词that不省略；后一分句中that引导的从句作say的宾语。(3)that引导同位语从句，解释说明knowledge的内容，从句中wetell是定语从句，省略了关系代词that或which，先行词是thelies；第二个wetell也是定语从句，省略了关系代词thatwhich，先行词是thelies。(4)cookingameal为现在分词短语作定语修饰someone，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ameal。(5)towhatextent到什么程度。(6)or连接两个并列句when和when，第一个从句中that引导宾语从句，第二个从句中第二个that引导定语从句在定语从句中作宾语，修饰先行词ameal。(7)Ifthelatter为省略句，完整的句子为Ifitisthelatter。don’tyouthink...是否定疑问句。(8)本句为主从复合句，主句中themeal是先行词，yousaid是定语从句，之前省略了关系代词that/which。everytime引导时间状语从句。①linen.诗行，句子②remainvi.保持，仍是③excerptn.摘录，节选④poetryn.诗歌，诗集⑤tangledadj.缠结的，复杂的⑥webn.网状物⑦practisevt.练习⑧honestyn.诚实⑨valuen.价值⑩honestlyadv.诚实地⑪tellalie说谎⑫comfort...with...用……宽慰……⑬protect...from...保护……免受……⑭surelyadv.一定⑮experiencen.经验⑯cookv.烹调；烧煮⑰majorityn.大多数⑱truthn.事实，真相⑲deliciousadj.美味的StepⅠ

FactualreadingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?A.Theauthorthinksperhapsthereissuchapersonwhonevertellsalie.B.Sometimeswetellawhitelieinordernottomakeothersgetangrywithus.C.Itisn’tbettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice.D.Wecanalwaysknowothersaretellingawhitelie.2.Whycanwetellawhitelie?①Tomakeothersfeelbetter②Nottoletothersknowsomethingbad③Togivecouragetoothers④ToavoidtroubleA.①②④ B.①③④C.①②③ D.②③④3.What’sthemeaningoftheword“awful”？A.beautiful B.terribleC.suitable D.curly4.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.Ifyoulie，youwilllieagainfortheformeroneB.AwhiteliecanbringmuchtroubletousandyouwilllieforformeronesC.NoonenevertellsalieD.Awhitelieissometimesgood.Butitcanbringmuchtroubletousandyouwilllieforformerones答案

1.A

2.C

3.B

4.DStepⅡ

ClozetestFillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.TheselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell-knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry：Oh，what

a

tangled

web

we

weave，When

first

we

practice

to

deceive!Mostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”andtheyarelittleliesthatwetelltoprotectothers1.____________thetruth.fromWe’veallsurelyhadtheexperience2.____________someonecooksamealforusthatwedon’tlike.Themajorityofuslieandsaythatthefoodis“delicious”.Orifafriendasksuswhatwethinkoftheirnewhaircut，wesay“It’sgreat！”Oneofthemainreasons3.____________tellingawhitelieistotrytomakeothersfeelbetter.Anotherreasonis4.____________(give)encouragement.5.____________，perhapsyourfriendswantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.Orperhaps，theyneedtoknowthattheyshouldlookforadifferenthobby.thatfortogiveHoweverFinally，wemayalsotellawhitelie6.____________(protect)othersfrombadnews.Ifyou’vehadabadday，doyoutellyourparentsaboutit，ordoyouhideyour7.____________(tear)andliethatyourdaywas“fine”？Wouldn’titbebettertorespecttheirconcernforyouandaskfortheiradvice?8.____________(go)backtoWalterScott’slines，wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknow9.____________advance.Yourfriendwillnottrustyouropinionagain10.____________hefoundoutyouhadliedabouthis“wonderful”singing?Howwouldyouexpectotherstotrulyunderstandyouremotionsifyouonlysharedgoodnewsinsteadofbad?Moreover，howwouldyoufeelifyoudiscoveredthatthepeopleclosesttoyouhadbeenhidingthetruthfromyou?toprotecttearsGoinginif1.tearn.眼泪·Ifyou’vehadabadday，doyoutellyourparentsaboutit，ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”？(教材P9)如果你有一天过得很糟糕，你会告诉你的父母吗？或者你会隐藏你的眼泪，谎称你过得很好吗？·Wefinallyforgavehimwhenheexpressedhisregretwithtears.当他含泪表达他的悔恨时，我们最终原谅了他。·Whydidyoutearoutthebackpagesofthenewbook?为什么你把这本新书的后面几页都撕掉了？·Helenranoutoftheclassroomintears，butnooneknewwhyshewassosad.海伦流着泪冲出了教室，但没人知道她为什么如此地伤心。►单句语法填空/补全句子①Theworkmentore____________theoldhouseandbuiltanewoneinitsplace.②WhenJamesheardofthenewsbytelegraph，hecriedLou’snamein____________.③Shewassoangrythatshetore____________theletterthemomentshehadreadit.④Thefirstpagesofthisbook___________________________bysomeone.这本书的前几页被人撕掉了。⑤Hewassoangrythathe____________thatcheck________________.他生气的把支票撕成碎片。downtearsupweretornouttoreintopieces单词一族tearv.撕裂；撕碎；撕开；扯破用法总结(1)intears流泪地withtears含泪地burstintotears突然哭起来(2)teardown拆毁tearup撕毁，撕碎，连根拔起tearout撕下，撕掉tearin/to/intopieces把……撕碎名师提醒tear作名词是可数名词，常用复数形式。2.independentadj.独立的·Themoreindependentyouare，thebetteryourlifewillbe.(教材P11)你越独立，你的生活会越好。·Youshouldlearntobeindependentofyourparents.你应该学习不要依赖父母。·Agoodeducationistheonlywaytosuccessandindependence.良好的教育是通往成功与自立的唯一道路。·Findajobandendyourdependenceonyourparents.找个工作，别再依赖你的父母了。·Successinstudymainlydependsonone’sownefforts.学习成功主要靠自己努力。►单句语法填空①Olderpeoplemayseektheirownfriendsratherthanbecometooemotionallydependent____________theirchildren.②Ialwaysplacedalotof____________(depend)onwhatshesays.③We’regoing____________(depend)fromtheuniversityandsettingupourowngroup.ondependenceindependent►一句多译④既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。→Nowthatyouareacollegestudent，youshouldlearn__________________________yourparents’help.→Nowthatyouareacollegestudent，youshouldlearn__________________________yourparents’help.tobeindependentofnottodependon单词一族independencen.独立dependentadj.依靠的；依赖的；从属的dependencen.依赖；信赖；上瘾dependvi.依赖；依靠；取决于用法总结beindependentof独立的，与……无关的bedependenton依靠，依赖；依赖dependon取决于，视……而定；依靠，依赖；信赖，相信3.apartadv.分离，分开·Assoonastheystartedtogetcloser，theyhurteachotherwiththeirquills，sotheyhadtomoveapart.(教材P11)它们一开始靠近就互相用羽毛刺伤了对方，所以不得不分开。·Ifyou’rereadytoforgiveme，thennothingcantearusapart，Ipromise.如果你已经准备原谅我了，那么没有任何东西可以将我们分开，我保证。·Hewasstandingabitapartfromtherestofus，watchingus.他正和我们其余人分开一点站着，看着我们。·ItwasthefirsttimeJaneandIhadbeenapartformorethanafewdays.这是我和简第一次分开超过了几天。►补全句子①Whentheclockstoppedhe________________________，foundwhatwaswrong，andputthewholethingtogetheragain.钟停了之后他把它拆开，找出了问题，然后又全部装好了。②________________________myacademicstudies，IalwaysmanagetofindtimeforwhatI’minterestedin.除了我的学科学习之外，我还总是设法找到时间学习我所感兴趣的。③Youcan____________________________bythismarkonmyface.你可以从我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄弟。tookitapartApartfromtellmytwinbrotherandmeapart单词一族apartadj.

分开的；分离的用法总结apartfrom除……之外；除了……之外(还有)……take...apart将……拆卸开，拆分tell...apart分辨出，辨别tearapart撕开，拆散名师提醒apartfrom表示“除此之外都”时，相当于except，exceptfor；表示“除了……之外(还有)……”时，相当于besides，inadditionto。1.protect...from...保护……不受……(危害)·Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”：littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.(教材P8)也许我们会用这种认知安慰自己，我们说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”：为了保护他人不受真相伤害而说的小谎言。·Waysmustbefoundtopreventthepoisonousgasesfrompollutingtheair.一定要找到办法阻止有毒气体污染空气。·Theyhavedonemuchtoprotectthedamagainstthepossibleflood.他们花费了很大精力以防大坝受可能的洪水的袭击。►单句语法填空/补全句子①Troopshavebeensenttoprotectaidworkers____________attack.②Asisknowntousall，shoesplayanimportantroleinourlife，fortheycanprotectourfeetfrom____________(hurt).③Noonecan_________________________leavingoncewehavemadeupourminds.一旦我们拿定主意，没人能够阻止我们离开。againstbeinghurtstop/keep/preventusfrom2.inadvance提前，预先·GoingbacktoWalterScott’slines，wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.(教材P9)回到沃尔特·斯科特的台词，我们可能会发现，善意的谎言有我们无法事先知道的结果。·It’scheaperifyoubooktheticketsinadvance.预定票要便宜一些。►补全句子①Galileo’sideaswerewell______________________inwhichhelived.伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。②______________，thisproblemshouldnotoccur，but_________________itdoes.从理论上讲，这个问题不应该发生，但实际它却发生了。inadvanceoftheageIntheoryinreality短语记牢intheory理论上inreality事实上inbrief简而言之inorder有序地inpublic公开地insilence沉默地inreturn作为报答1.Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendswantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.(教材P9)停下来想一想，也许你的朋友想从你这里得到一些坦率的意见，这样他们就可以改进。【分析】

sothat“为了，以便”，

在句中引导目的状语从句。【拓展】

引导目的状语从句的从属连词(1)inorderthat为了，以便(2)incase以防(3)forfearthat以免，惟恐·Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。·Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习以便能考试及格。·Shutthewindowforfea