病原生物学（微生物部分）题库：060

1.引起菌群失调的原因是____a________。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.生态制剂的大量使用HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.正常菌群的遗传特性明显改变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.正常菌群的耐药性明显改变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.正常菌群的增殖方式明显改变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.正常菌群的组成和数量明显改变2.条件致病菌致病的条件_____d_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.正常菌群的耐药性改变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.正常菌群的遗传特性改变HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.肠蠕动减慢使细菌增多HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.长期使用广谱抗生素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.各种原因组成免疫功能亢进3.正常菌群的有益作用不包括______b_____。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.抗肿瘤作用HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.刺激机体的免疫应答HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.合成维生素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.与外来菌竞争营养物质HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.刺激补体的合成4.致病过程中引起两次菌血症的是______a______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.痢疾志贺菌HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.肉毒梭菌HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.白喉棒状杆菌HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.伤寒沙门菌HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.淋球菌5.病原菌在机体血液中大量繁殖产生毒性物质，并随血流到达其他器官，引起多发性脓肿，称为______b______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.bacteremiaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.pyemiaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.endotoxemiaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.toxemiaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.septicemia6.下列哪种结构与细菌侵袭力有关_____c_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.芽胞HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.荚膜HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.细胞壁HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.中介体HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.核糖体7.类毒素与外毒素的区别在于前者______a____。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.有抗原性，但无毒性HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.无抗原性，有毒性HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.无抗原性，也无毒性HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.有抗原性，也有毒性HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.仅有半抗原性，无毒性8.脑膜炎奈瑟菌侵入血流，大量繁殖产生内毒素，引起全身中毒症状，称为_____b_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.菌血症HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.败血症HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.毒血症HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.脓毒血症HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.以上都不是9.常用人工被动免疫的生物制品有_______e_____。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.菌苗HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.疫苗HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.BCGHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.类毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.抗毒素10.能引起内毒素休克的细菌成分是_______c_____。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.肽聚糖HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.磷壁酸HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.LPSHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.O抗原HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.荚膜多糖11.关于Shwartzman现象的叙述，下列哪项是正确的_____c_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.是DIC的局部表现HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.是一种免疫应答反应HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.两次注射革兰阴性菌可相同或不同HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.动物局部可出现出血或坏死，但不会死亡HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.两次注射间歇时间应超过24小时12.细菌代谢产物中，与致病性无关的是_____d_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.透明质酸酶HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.热原质HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.细菌素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.血浆凝固酶13.细菌致病力强弱主要取决于____c_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.基本结构HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.特殊结构HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.侵袭力和毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.分解代谢产物HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.侵入机体的途径14.内毒素不具有的毒性作用是______a______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.食物中毒HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.发热HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.休克HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.DICHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.白细胞反应15.关于内毒素的叙述，下列错误的是____b________。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.来源于革兰阴性菌HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.能用甲醛脱毒制成类毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.其化学成分是脂多糖HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.性质稳定，耐热HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.只有当菌体死亡裂解后才释放出来16.关于外毒素的叙述，下列错误的是_______c_____。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.多由革兰阳性菌产生HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.化学成分是蛋白质HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.耐热，使用高压蒸气灭菌法仍不能将其破坏HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.经甲醛处理可制类毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.可刺激机体产生抗毒素17.带菌者是指_____d_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.体内带有正常菌群者HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.病原菌潜伏在体内，不向外排菌者HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.体内带有条件致病菌者HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.感染后，临床症状消失，但体内病原菌为被彻底清除，又不断向外排菌者HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.感染后，临床症状明显，并可传染给他人者18.吞噬细胞吞噬细菌后，不可能出现的后果是______d______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.可引起组织损伤HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.细菌被杀死消化HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.细菌不被杀死，在细胞内仍可繁殖HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.可引起细菌在体内扩散HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.细菌不被杀死，但发生变异19.属于神经毒素的是____b________。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.霍乱肠毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.肉毒毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.产气荚膜梭菌α毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.白喉毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.葡萄球菌表皮剥脱毒素20.与细菌侵袭力有关的因素是_____a_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.某些胞外酶HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.内毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.外毒素HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.芽胞HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.热原质21.机体对结核分枝杆菌的免疫主要是______a______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.细胞免疫HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.体液免疫HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.溶菌酶的杀菌作用HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.补体的溶菌作用HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1e.中性粒细胞的吞噬作用22.WhichoneofthefollowingBESTdescribesthemodeofactionofendotoxin?______c______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.DegradeslecithinincellmembranesHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.Inactivateselongationfactor2HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.BlocksreleaseofacetylcholineHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.Causethereleaseoftumornecrosisfactor,IL-1,eral23.TheeffectsofendotoxinincludeeachofthefollowingEXCEPT:_____a_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.opsonizationHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.feverHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.activationofthecoagulationcascadeHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.hypotension24.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningexotoxinsiscorrectEXCEPT:_____d_______。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.Whentreatedchemically,someexotoxinslosetheirtoxicityandcanbeusedasimmunogensinvaccinesHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.Someexotoxinsarecapableofcausingdiseaseinpurifiedform,freeofanybacteriaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.SomeexotoxinsactinthegastrointestinaltracttocausediarrheaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.Someexotoxinscontainlipopolysaccharidesasthetoxiccomponent25.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningendotoxinsiscorrectEXCEPT____________。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.ThetoxicityofendotoxinsisduetothelipidportionofthemoleculeHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.Endotoxinsarefoundinmostgram-positivebacteriaHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.EndotoxinsarelocatedinthecellwallHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.Theantigenicityofsomatic(O)antigenisduetorepeatingoligosaccharides26.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningexotoxinsiscorrectEXCEPT:____________。HTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1a.ExotoxinsarepolypeptidesHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1b.ExotoxinsaremoreeasilyinactivatedbyheatthanendotoxinsHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1c.ExotoxinsarelesstoxicthanthesameamountofendotoxinsHTMLCONTROLForms.HTML:Option.1d.Exotoxinscanbeconvertedtotoxoids27.EachofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthenormalfloraiscorrectEXCEPT____________