本科毕业论文英文版

本科毕业论文英文版毕业论文一般是一篇较长的有文献资料佐证的学术研究论文;重要目的是探索、讨论或分析一种实际的或带有理论性的问题。下文是店铺为大家整顿的有关本科毕业论文英文版的范文，欢迎大家阅读参照!本科毕业论文英文版篇1人与自然环境AbstractThefirstIndustrialRevolutionhappenedin1760s.Sincethattime,humanhavebegantoexploreandconquernature.Duetoexcessivedevelopment,andhuntingfornaturalresources,whichleadtoaseriesofenvironmentalproblems.Menhavetoletthemselvestoreflectandrepositiontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Marxistviewofnaturestudyingthisworkhasgreattheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalsignificancefortherelationshipbetweenhumanandnature.Marxismstressedthatpeoplewholiveinthenaturemustrespectthedevelopmentofobjectivelawofnature.Mencanplaytheirownsubjectiveinitiativetotransformnature,butthetransformationisbasedonrespectnaturefortheobjectivelawofthepremise.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnatureisobjectiveexistence.Itcannotbetranscended.Nowadaystheecologicalenvironmentiscruellydestroyedbypeople,whichpromotetheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnaturehasbecomemoreandmoreconcerned.JackLondonisafamousAmericanrealismwriter.Allhislife,hetotallycreatedabout50works,mostfamousworksareTheCallOftheWild,TheSeaWolf,TheWhiteFang.AndthemostfamousoneshouldbeTheCalloftheWild,whichisbasedonhispersonalexperienceinthebigsocialbackgroundandcreationofdognovels.Marxistviewofnatureinthenovelistheavoidingofthecrisisofhumanspiritual,human’sresponsibilitytonature,returningtotheharmonyofmanandnature.，andhowtocreateaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Thedevelopmentofhumancivilizationshouldneverdehumanizeallkindsofanimals.Peopleshouldnotbebeyondallthelawsofnature,andshouldrespectanimals,respectnature.JackLondoncondemnspeoplewhorecklesslyconsumeanddespoilthenature,manshouldbuildaharmonious,equal,healthy,enduringrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Keywords:manandnature;Marxism;TheCalloftheWild;JackLondon摘要：从十八世纪六十年代第一次工业革命开始，人类为了自己的利益开始探寻自然，征服自然。由于过度的开发和猎取自然资源，导致一系列环境问题，不得不让我们重新思索和重新定位人与自然的关系。而马克思主义自然观研读这部作品对于研究人与自然的关系具有很大的理论意义和现实意义。马克思主义强调，人生活在自然界之中，必须尊重自然界的客观发展规律。人能发挥自己的主观能动性去改造自然，但这种改造是以尊重自然界的客观规律为前提的。对于如今生态环境遭到人们无情破坏，增进人与自然友好发展越来越成为现代人们关注的问题。杰克·伦敦是美国著名的现实主义作家。他毕生共创作了约50卷作品，其中最为著名的有《野性的呼唤》、《海狼》和《白牙》。而最具代表性的则是他根据自己的经历和所见所闻为素材并结合自身所处的社会大背景而创作的狗小说——《野性的呼唤》。本文论述了人类和自然之间的关系，包括小说中马克思主义自然观的体现，人类精神危机的防止，人类对自然的责任，回归人类与自然的友好，以及怎样构建人与自然友好关系。人类文明的发展绝对不应当残害多种动物，人也不应当凌驾于一切自然法则之上的，而应是尊重动物，尊重自然。杰克·伦敦呼吁人类停止对自然的破坏，应当建立一种友好，平等，健康，持久的人与自然的关系。关键字：人与自然;马克思主义;野性的呼唤;杰克·伦敦1Introduction1.1TheBriefIntroductionofMarxistViewofNatureThecoreofMarxistviewofnatureistherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Marxistviewofnatureisforthediscussionoftheecologicalcrisisandthereconstructionoftheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Theseallreflectthenaturetoformanewviewofnature.BaseonMarxistviewofnature,andthenewviewofnaturecanachieveintegratedinstructions.MarxandEngelsintheirwritingexplainedtherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.InTheEconomicandPhilosophicalManuscriptsof1844,Marxisagainstusingtheabstractconceptiontotalkaboutnature,butpeopleshouldputnatureintoSociety,andputtheessentialrelationshipofnatureintopeopletounderstand."Onlyinsociety,naturebasedonman,istheexistenceofthereallifeelements"(马克思，)Therefore,inMarx'sopinion.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturemainlydisplays:Humanisanaturalproduct,atthesametime,itispartofthenature;Humanisthroughlabortocontactnature.Ingeneral,itisharmoniouscoexistenceforpeopleandnature.(陈爱娟，)1.2TheBriefintroductionofJackLondonJackLondonwasafamouswriterintheearly20thcenturyinAmerica.Hisstoriesweredrawnmainlyfromhisownexperience.Inhiswholelife,hewrote19novelsinhislife,manyshortstoriesandarticles.3playsand8autobiographicalandissociologicalbooks.AndLondonwasespeciallyfamousforhisnorthtalesandanimaltales.ThepublicationthatfirstbroughtJackLondonworldwidefameandcontinuestobehisbest-knownworkisashortnovelwhosemaincharacterisaYukonsleddognamedbuck.Thatwork,beguninDecember1902andpublishedin1903,wasentitledTheCalloftheWild.Inthenovel,theprotagonistisadog;itissometimesclassifiedasajuvenilenovel,suitableforchildren,butitisdarkintoneandcontainsmanyscenesofcrueltyandviolence,although,inthebook,ithasbeenconsideredchildren'sbooks.Somanyliteraryscholarshavearguedthatthenovel'scomplexitieswarrantcloseanalysis.Asweknown,thechiefonesamongthetopicsofinteresttoliterarycriticsarethenovel'srelationshipstothephilosophyofthe"survivalofthefittest",whichwasinvogueattheturnofthe20thcentury.Weknow,"Londonwasnotonlytreatinganimalslikehumanbeings,buttreatinghumanbeingslikeanimals,recognizingnoessentialdifferencebetweenmanandanimal."(AbrahamRothberg,1984)1,London'spurposeonfindinggoldwasunsuccessful,andhecamebackintohishome.Buthefoundthatsomethingwasmoreimportantthangold.Whichiswhatwewillstudyinthelatter?AsWalkerpointedoutthat"Talkhedid.Butthemostimportantofall,helistenedandobservedduringthosetimesinthedraughtycabins.Hestoredmemoriesandfeltthestirringofthecreativeartist."BecauseofhisexperienceinKlondike,hegainedtremendous.Amountofinsightandperspectiveandgotanabundanceofnotesandmemoriesofthenorthland.Therefore,LondonwrotehisfamousnovelNorthTalesandAnimalTalesonthebasisofhisexperienceduringthattime.1.3ResearchPurposesandSignificanceWiththeeconomicandpopulation'sgrowth,theearthisfacingthegreatestproblem,theareawilldisappearasaconsequencemanyspeciesdie.Waterpollutionhasbeencausedbyhuman;industrieshasdischargedavarietyofpollutantsintheirwastewaterincludingheavymetals,chemicalandtoxicsubstancescausediseaseineitherhumanoranimal.Massivedestructiontotheforestwillboostwarmtemperatureandaccelerateglobalwarming.Humanactivitiesiscausingabigextinctionsandthreatsthecontinuityoflife.Aclearenvironmentisessentialforhumanhealthandwell-being,however,theinteractionbetweenmanandnaturehealtharehighlycomplexanddifficulttoassess.Peoplehavegottostarttreatingthemthatway.Peoplemaynothaveeasysolutions,butthefactis,peoplesimplycan’tcontinuelivingourlivesasifeverythingispeachy.Theseproblemsaren’tgoingtomagicallysolvethemselves.Peopleshouldhavebegunactinggenerationsago,buttheycan’tgobackintime,andthatmeanspeoplehavetostepupourefforts.Ifpeoplewanttokeepthisplanetahealthyplaceforhumanstolive–forourgrandchildrentoenjoy–it’stimetobuckledownanddoeverythinginourpowertoreversethedamagepeoplehavedone.Inthethesis,usingMarxistviewofnaturetoexplaintherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasgreattheoreticalandrealisticsignificance.2LiteratureReviewTherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasbeenresearchedbymanyfamousecologists,geographers,philosopherswhocomefromdifferenttimesandarea.Aboutpeoplehowtocreateandbuildaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureexertslotsofgreatcontributions.Amongthem,thestudiesofsomewesternandChinesescholarsdeserveourspecialattention.2.1TheStudyofContextintheWesternBacon'sloganisknowledgeispower.Itseemstoshowthatwesternershadbeenmasterthecoreoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureinthattime.However,thisisactuallyanillusion.TheancientGreekandmedievalculturehasnotgiventhepracticalspiritwiththecorestatus.Asthegrowthintheculturalbackgroundofthemodernwestern,althoughthereisdemandandutilizationoftheimpulseinthedeepheartofnature,butalsogiveitmorefundamentalpositioninscientifictheory.Bacon's"Tocontrolnaturewillberequiredtoobeythenaturallaws"(F·培根,1986)declaredthatmodernwesternpeopleaboutthethoughtoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Fromtheinterpretationofthephilosophytreemetaphor(笛卡尔,1959),tousethenaturalinterpretationofresultsforknowledge,fortheabovestatement,DescartesforBaconprovidedafoundationofthescientifictheory.Atthistime,thenatureoftherelationshipbetweenknowledgeishighlightedbypeople.Abouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,Marxmadeclearandscientificanswer.Theanswerisapartoftheimportantthoughtsoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturethatisustoanalysistheimportanttheorybasisoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.AndMarxinTheEconomicandPhilosophicalManuscriptsof1844pointouttheperson'sdevelopmentisinseparablefromtheobjectofhisworld(nature),man'sall-rounddevelopmentisinseparablefromthepractice,theyareamutualrestraintandpromotionrelation.(马克思，)Marxiststressedthatpeoplelivinginnature,mustrespecttheobjectivelawofthenaturaldevelopment.Onecanplaytheirownsubjectiveinitiativetotransformnature,butthetransformationisbasedonrespectingnaturefortheobjectivelawofthepremise.Engelshadpointedout:"Don'ttoointoxicatewithourmasteryofvictory.Foreachsuchvictory,naturewillrevengeonus."(恩格斯,1984)2.2TheStudyofContextintheChineseTheSpring-AutumnandtheWarringStatesperiodsweremarkedbytheemancipation,thegreatleapforwardthecreativeexplorationoftheancientChinesephilosophies.Intherelationshipbetweennatureandmanthereexistedthreeschoolsofphilosophy,thenatureandmaninunity‖school,interrelated,the―mandistinguishedfromnature‖schoolandthe―joininginthenature‖school.Thefirstschoolstressedthatthelawofhumanandthelawofnaturewereinterrelatedandsowerethebehaviorsofthehumanandthebehaviorsofthenature.ThemainexponentsofthisschoolwereMacliusandMasterZhuang.Menciusproposedthetheoryof―exertingthemindtounderstandthebehaviorsofmanandnature‖.Headvocatedthathumaninstinctsandnaturallawswereinterrelated,andthatthemindwasthesubjecttobeaffected.Ifmanexertedfullyhismind,hecouldunderstandhisinstincts,whichwasendowedbynature.So,tounderstandinstinctswastounderstandnature.Naturewastheultimatedictatorandtheinexorablelaws.MasterZhuangwasanotherexponentofthe―unityofnatureandman‖school.Hesaid,―Naturegrowwithme,‖and―AllthingsandIblendingintoone,representtheloftiestidealstate.‖(庄子,)Thesecondphilosophicalschooladvocating―distinguishingmanfromnature‖wasrepresentedbyMasterXun.Heemphasizedthedistinctionbetweennatureandman,andstatedthatpositivehumanbehaviorsshouldbedirectedtochangenature.Hedefiedthatnaturehadconsciousnessandcouldexertpowerovertheauspiciousnessandominousness,thedisastersandfortunesofman.Instead,hearguedthatnaturewasmaterialandanobjectiveexistence.Hewrote,―Natureisprogressing;earthhasresources;andmanshouldmanage.‖(荀子，)Thethirdphilosophicalschooladvocating―manjoininginnature‖pointedoutthatmancouldparticipateinthechangesofnaturesincemanandnaturearebothdistinguishableandunited.Inthe―BookofgoldenMean‖itwasstated:―Exertingfullythemindleadstousingfullyallthethings.Usingfullyallthethingsleadstocontributiontotheprogressofnature.Contributingtotheprogressofnatureisjoininginthenature‖.Thisstatementwasaclearandsystematicrepresentationofthephilosophyofthisschool.2.3CommentsonViewsofContextSofarwehavegotalloverviewofthestudyofcontextinbothwesternandChineserelationshipbetweenmanandnaturefields.Fromtheaboveexplanations,itcouldbenotedthatcontextisofgreatsignificanceintherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturestudies.Inthisthesis,wemainlydiscussedfromtheMarxistviewofnaturetoanalysistherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.3AnalysisMarxistNaturalViewinTheCalloftheWildMarxismbelievesthattherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasestablishedwithunityandconsistency:oneistheresultofthelong-termdevelopmentofthenature,humanistheproductofnature."Humanisapartofnature",Marxsaid,"thepersondirectlyisnaturalbeings,isstandinginthesmoothsolidonearthandbreatheoutbreathenaturalforceallthepeople"(马克思，1979)Engelssaid:"Withourfleshandbloodandmindallbelongtonature."(恩格斯,1984).Marxistviewofnatureisbasedonmaterialism,andhisviewofpracticeispredictedontheviewofnature.Marxisagainsttheanthropocentrism.3.1UnhealthyRelationshipbetweenManandNatureinTheCalloftheWildInprimitivesociety,humanbeingsrespectfornatureandliveharmoniouslywithnature.However,withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasdeteriorated.Inordertosatisfytheirownneedsandtopossessmorewealth,humanbeingsbegintoexploitnature,conquernatureandconsidernatureasbelongingofmankind.Theirmistreatmentofanimalsandunlimitedexploitationofnaturalresourcesaresuggestinghuman'sunhealthyrelationshipwithnature.ThisrelationshipisstronglyloathedbyJackLondoninthecallofthewild.InTheCalloftheWild,JackLondonnotonlycriticizestheunhealthyrelationshipbetweenhumanandnature,butalsodisclosessomeuglyandevilsidesofhumanbeingswhicharealsomanifestationsofanthropocentrism.3.1.1HumanDesireToConquerNatureMarxstressesthatmenshouldrespectnaturallaws,ormenwillbepublishedbynature.Butmenarejusttemerariousenoughtobreaktherulesofnaturefortheirownsake.TheYukongoldrushof1897isapartandparcelofBuck'sstory.Thesecondsentenceofthenovelreferstothe"Arcticdarkness,"wheremenlookfor"ayellowmetal."By1840,afewminershadcometotheYukonlookingforgold,Graduallythesearchformetalsbegantoreplacethehuntforfursinthisarearichwithnaturalresources.In1886,apromisinglodeofgoldwasdiscoveredintheFortyMileGreekarea.Tenyearslatter,thousandsofminerscametotheYukonatthattime,hopingtostrikeitrich.JackLondonhimselfwasalsooneofthem.AlthoughthegoldrushdidnotmakeLondonrich,hewitnessedthatthegreatKlondikegoldrushbroughtunrestrainedexploitationofnatureandexpansionofterritory.HordesofgoldminerscametotheoriginallypeacefulandpureKlondikeareainswarms.Thegoldrushledtonature"cruellymisusedbymanathismostrapacious"(Johnson,)Gradually,naturehasbeguntobedestroyedbyhumanbeingsfortheirowninterest.3.1.2TheUglyandEvilSideoftheHumanityInTheCalloftheWild,JackLondondisclosessomeuglyandevilsidesofthehumanity.OneuglysidewhichLondoncondemnsishumanbeings'greed.Greedinpsychologyisanexcessivedesiretoacquireorpossessmorethanwhatoneneedsordeserves,especiallywithrespecttomaterialwealth.Throughoutthewholenovel,greed,tosomeextent,determinesthelivesofbothmenandanimals(nature).Themaniaforgoldinapartoftheworldwheretravelisfeasibleonlybydogsledplacesapremiumonallrobustdogs:theyhaveanincrediblecommercialvalue;theycanbestolen,tradedandcarriedoffupthere.Buck,becauseheisbigandthickcoatoffurisanaturaltarget.Manuel,oneofthegardener'shelpersonJudgeMiller'sestatewhereBucklivescozily,stealsBuckandsellshimtodogtradersformoneytopayhisdebts:Manuelhadonebesettingsin.HelovedtoplayChineselottery.Also,inhisgambling,hehadonebesettingweakness--faithinasystem;andthismadehisdamnationcertain.Fortoplayasystemrequiresmoney,whilethewagesofagardener'shelperdonotlapovertheneedsofawifeandnumerousprogeny.(JackLondon，1992:5)Manuel'sgreedforprofitfromthesaleofanexceptionaldoghurlsBuckoutofparadiseandtakeshimsofarfromhomethathecanneverreturn.ThroughthecharacterManul,Londontriestotellusthathumanbeingsareevenmoregreedyandcunningthananimals.(姜成鹤，)Mercedes,theonlyfemalecharacterinthenovel,hasakindheartatthebeginning,butgreedfinallymakeshervirtuevanish.ShefeelssympathyforBuckwhentheyareinmiserableconditions.WhenHalLashesoutatthedogswiththewhip,Mercedesinterferes,crying,"Oh,Hal,youmustn't,"asshecatchesholdofthewhipandwrenchesitfromhim.Thepoordears!Nowyoumustpromiseyouwon’tbeharshwiththemfortherestofthetrip,orIwon'tgoastep"(JackLondon,1992:54).Sometimes,MercedesseesBuckbeingbeatenbyHal,andshedropsonherkneesbeforeBuck,withtearsinhereyes,andputsherarmsaroundhisneck.Inthetimewhenthedogsareunderfed,Mercedes,"withtearsinherprettyeyesandaquaverinherthroat,couldnotcajolehimintogivingthedogsstillmore,shestolefromthefish-sacksandfedthemslyly"(JackLondon，1992:57).However,Mercedesdoesnotcryforthedogsanymore.Onthecontrary,shecrieswhenherclothes-bagsarethrownoutbecausethesledistooheavyforthedogstopull.Mercedesbecomesmoreandmorecapricious.Theworstofall,Mercedespersistsinridingonthesled,addingherown120poundstothealreadyheavyloadbecausesheistired:Shewasprettyandsoft,butsheweighedonehundredandtwentypounds--alustylaststrawtotheloaddraggedbytheweakandstarvinganimals.Sherodefordays,tilltheyfellinthetracesandthesledstoodstill.CharlesandHalbeggedhertogetoffandwalk,pleadedwithher,entreated,thewhilesheweptandimportunedHeavenwitharecitaloftheirbrutality.(Jack·London,1992:59)Onthewayofpursuinggoldanddesire,Mercedes'attitudetoanimalschangesfromkindnesstotorment.Itindicatesthatgreedcontrolsherandsmothershervirtue.Thenovelsuggeststhatitisimportanttounderstandandabidebytheruleswhichnatureorthewildhassetup,nditisonlywhenthoserulesarebrokenthatweseethesavageryanddisrespectforlife.Mercedes,Charles,andHalenterthewildwithlittleunderstandingoftherulesonemustfollowtobecomeintegratedandsurvive.Asaresult,thewildnessinstitutesanaturalconsequencefortheiractions.Thenovelseemstosaythatthewilddoesnotallowchaosorwantonbehaviorbutinsteadconstitutesastrictsocialandnaturallawforeveryonetoobey.3.2HarmoniousRelationshipbetweenManandNatureinTheCallofTheWildJackLondonwasagainstnotonlyman'shegemonyoverman,butalsoman'shegemonyoveranimals.Mostofhisnovelsandshortstoriesdisplayedtruehumanitarianismcontainingthedeeplovebetweenmenandanimals.InLondon'sopinion,animalswerenotman'sassistants,butman'sclosefriendsandfellows.Man'skindandjustqualitieswoulddevelopanimals'goodnature,whileman'smaltreatmentwouldmakeanimalsbecomevileandviciousandevenman'sfoe.Inthisstory,theauthordepictedtwokindsofrelationbetweenmananddog.OneisrepresentedbytheJudgeMiller'sandJohnThornton,wholookedafterBuckandwonBuck'strust;andtheotherisrepresentedbyManuelandtheHal's,whobroughtmisfortunetoBuck.Bycomparison,theauthorpraisedtheformeronewhiledeniedthelatteroneandadvocatedtheequalandharmoniousrelationbetweenmenandanimals.Meanwhile,JackLondonvividlyportrayedBuck'sbravery,wisdomgratitude,whichletreadersseeanimal'sinnervalue.3.2.1Man'sAffectionforDogsTheauthorportrayedsuchanimalrightsactivistsastheJudgeMiller'sandJohnThornton.TheybuiltaharmoniousrelationanddeepemotionswithBuck.TheycouldequallytreatBuck,andgotBuck'sdependenceandtrust,alsoBuck'sloyaltyandgratitude.IntheJudgeMiller's,Buckreceivedloveandrespect."Buckwasneitherhouse-dognorkennel-dog.Thewholerealmwashis.HeplungedintotheswimmingtankorwenthuntingwiththeJudge'ssons;heescortedMollieandAlice,theJudge'sdaughters,onlongtwilightorearlymorningrambles;onwintrynightshelayattheJudge'sfeetbeforetheroaringlibraryfire;hecarriedtheJudge'sgrandsononhisback,orrolledtheminthegrass,andguardedtheirfootstepsthroughwildadventuresdowntothefountaininthestableyard,andevenbeyond,wherethepaddockswere,andtheberrypatches."(JackLondon，1992:4)ThisisafinepicturewhereBucklivedhappilywiththemeninthecivilizedworld.HerehefelttheJudgeMillers'loveforhim.Hewasn'tthehuntingtool,orchildren'stoy.Hewaschildren'sfellow.Heexperiencedhappythingsandadventurewithchildren.ThisnicelifeplayedavitalroleinBuck'slife.Buckknewman,humannature,civilizationandrulesofcommunicationinthehumanworld,andbuiltmoralconsideration.Buck'sheartwasplantedwithcivilization.TheseexperiencesleftadeepimpressionuponBuck'smind.Thoughsufferedfromthelawofclubandfang,Buckstillcouldthinkofmen'sloveforhim,butthismemorywasvague."SometimeshethoughtofJudgeMiller'sbighouseinthesun-kissedSantaClaraValley,andofthecementswimming-tank,andYsabel,theMexicanhairless,andToots,theJapanesepug..."(JackLondon，1992:31)ThisnicememorywassounforgettablebecauseBuckstillpinnedhishopeonman'sloveforhim.CanadiancouriersPerraultandFrancoistreatedBucknottoobad."Theywerefairmen,calmandimpartialinadministeringjustice,andtoowiseinthewayofdogstobefooledbydogs."(JackLondon，1992:9)Menanddogswentthroughthickandthintogether.ThesepeopleunderstoodandrespectedBuck,butweredifferentfromthatoftheJudgeMiller's.ThesepeopletreatedBuckfriendlyonlyforthesakeofinterests.Intheiropinion,Buckwasonlyadog,theirtravelingtool.Thustherelationbetweenthemjustlikestherelationbetweenslaveandmasterwithouttoomuchemotion.JohnThornton'sappearancelightenedagainBuck'strustandloveforman.HerescuedBuckfromtherainofheavylashesandblows.WhenhewitnessedthesceneofHalmisusingBuck,hecriedinachokingvoice"Ifyoustrikethatdogagain,I'llkillyou."(JackLondon，1992:44)Thornton'sangerindicatedhiscareandloveforanimals.HesavedBuck,andthenhesatdownbesideBuckandtenderlytouchedBuckforbrokenboneswithroughhands.Hewasaperfectanimalrightsactivist.Facingastrangedog,Thorntonshowedabroadandunselfishlove.Hisloveforanimalsalsoembodiedauthor'sloveforanimals.DuringthedaysstayingwithThornton,Buck'slovewasexpressedinadoration."Lovethatwasfeverishandburning,thatwasadoration,thatwasmadness,ithadtakenJohnThorntontoarouse."(JackLondon，1992:46)Theharmoniousrelationbetweenmenandanimalsweresublimated.ThereaderswouldexclaimthatwhatanintelligentandemotionalanimalBuckis.Dowehaveanyreasontouseclubandwhiptodealwithsuchcuteanimal?JohnThornton,whostimulatedBuck'slove,wasquitedifferentfromotherso-calledcivilizedmen:"Othermensawtothewelfareoftheirdogsfromasenseofdutyandbusinessexpediency;he(Thornton)sawtothewelfareofhisasiftheywerehisownchildren,becausehecouldnothelpit."(JackLondon，1992:46)Hetalkedwithdogsforalongtime,andherespectedthem.Hemarveledatthestrength,wisdomandwildbeautyofBuck.Hewastheidealmaster.JohnThorntoncouldlightenBuck'sinnerstronglovebecausehedidn'tdemandmuchfromnaturelikeothercivilizedmen.He"askedlittleofmanornature...Withahandfulofsaltandariflehecouldplungeintothewildernessandfarewhereverhepleasedandaslongashepleased."(JackLondon，1992:56)Heknewnature,respectedthelawsofnature,andlearnedallskillsforlivinginnature.He,bringingwithBuck,ledanunrestrainedlifeinthenature.Andinthekingdomofnature,Buckfeltboundlesshappy,heretheharmonybetweenmenandanimalsmountedtoaclimax.Heretheanimalrightsactivistswiththeiractionstellthereadersthatharmoniouscoexistencebetweenmenandanimalsisbuiltonthebasisofloveandunderstanding.3.2.2Dog'sLoveforManMarxistecologicalthoughtreflectedonnotonlyharmoniousman-dogrelation,butalsoonhispraiseforBuck.Inthenovel,theauthorincisivelyandvividlydepicteddog'sthoughtandemotionfromseveralangles,andeulogizeddog'sintelligenceandvirtue.Thecute,sensibleimageofBuckappearedglaringly.TheauthoruncoveredthemysteryofBuck'sintelligencefromdog'sperceptualworld:animalshavetheabilitytochallengeagony,longforhappinessandyearnforlife.TheauthoralsoaffirmedBuck'sinnervalue:hewascourageous,intelligentandgrateful.Virtueisnotonlyownedbyman,itisalsoaqualityofanimal.TheCalloftheWildstressedBuck'strustandloyaltytoman,moreimportantly,itdisplayedthatBucklearned"howtolove".WhenstayingwiththeJudgeMiller's,Buckwastreatedcordially,hencehereciprocatedwithhisdocilityandloyalty:heprotectedJudgeMiller'schildren,andplayedwiththem,hetrustedinmenheknewandgavethemcredit.Intheamicablecircumstance,thehumannatureinBuckoverweighsthewildnatureinhim.InthefierceNorthland,underthesupervisionofcalmandimpartialPerraultandFrancois,thoughthelifeontrailwasveryrough,andtaskwasarduous,menanddogssharedjoyandsorrowtogether.Tomakethesnowtraileasierfordogteam,Perraulttraveledaheadoftheteam,packingthesnowwithwebbedshoes.ToprotectBuck'ssoftfeet,FrancoisrubbedBuck'sfeetforhalfanhouraftersupper,andsacrificedoneofhisownmoccasinstomakefourlittlemoccasinsforBuck.Inreciprocation,BuckledtheteamworkinghardandmadetherecordtripoftheyearinYukon.Thepridehadgrippeddog-drivers."ForthreedaysPerraultandFrancoisthrewchestsupanddownthemainstreetofSkagwayandweredelugedwithinvitationstodrink."(JackLondon,1992:65)4UsetheMarxistViewofNaturetoSolvetheProblemsofRelationshipbetweenManandNatureMarxconsidersthatthemodeofcapitalistproductioncausedthesharpoppositionbetweenmanandnature,andthesourceofecologicalcrisis.Tobasicallysolvetheproblemofthecomprehensiveandcoordinateddevelopmentbetweenhumanandthenature,onlydestroycapitalistsystem,establishthesocialistsociety.Marxpointso