Python程序设计岑远红课后参考答案

Python程序设计自我检测题参考答案项目一初识Python程序一、选择题1-5BCDAD二、填空题1.https://www.P/2.打印输出3.开发版社区版4.Ctrl+Shift+F105.Pycharm、IDLE等三、阅读程序，写出程序的运行结果name=input("请输入你的姓名：")age=input("请输入你的年龄：")print("大家好，我叫",name,"今年",age,"岁")输出结果：请输入你的姓名：张三请输入你的年龄：18大家好，我叫张三今年18岁四、编写程序1.print("*")print("***")print("*****")print("***")print("*")2.print("*")print("***")print("*****")print("***")print("*")项目二操作基本类型数据一、选择题1-5DDBDB6-9CBBD二、填空题1.type()2.%3.整型、实型4.5235.round()6.7.2529//47.28.="helloPython"9."a234b123c"10."123123123"三、阅读程序，写出程序的运行结果1.welcometoPythonandPythonisfun2.hloPtonhyle四、编写程序1.F=float(input("请输入华氏温度:\n"))C=5/9*(F-32)print(f"相应的摄氏温度为{C:.1f}度")2.n=int(input("请输入一个四位正整数:\n"))a,b,c,d=n//1000,n//100%10,n//10%10,n%10print(f"{n}的各位数字之和为{a+b+c+d}")3.s="Python"print(s[1::2])项目三控制程序执行流程一、选择题1-5ABBCD6-8DCB二、填空题1.for循环while循环2.breakcontinue3.continuebreak4.会5.random.random()*5三、阅读程序，写出程序的运行结果1.和为62.*************************3.redappleredbananabigapplebigbananatastyappletastybanana4.1247810四、编写程序1.c=input("请输入一个字符:\n")ifc.isupper():print(f"{c}是大写字母")elifc.islower():print(f"{c}是小写字母")elifc.isdigit():print(f"{c}是数字字符")else:print(f"{c}是其他字符")2.n=int(input("请输入一个正整数:\n"))s=0foriinrange(n,0,-2):print(i)s+=1/iprint(s)3.foriinrange(5,0,-1):print("*"*i)4.n=int(input("请输入一个正整数:\n"))f=Trueforjinrange(2,n//2+1):ifn%j==0:f=False;breakiff:print(f"{n}是质数")else:print(f"{n}不是质数")项目四操作组合类型数据一、选择题1-5CADCB6-10ABA(选项更正为ifa[::]==a[::-1])AA二、填空题1.[aforainrange(10,101)ifa%3==0]2.元组3.项键值4.项无序且不重复5.a^b6.[0,1,8,27,64]7.num.split(",")8.[3,7,7]9.['茶艺','舞蹈','绘画']10.{3,5}三、阅读程序，写出程序的运行结果1.9F2.lijuan四、编写程序1.arr=[3,8,7,2,11,5]n=len(arr)res=sorted(arr)res=[(res[i-1],res[i])foriinrange(1,n)]m=min(s[1]-s[0]forsinres)foriinres:ifi[1]-i[0]==m:print(i)2.s=input("请输入一个整数:\n")n=len(s)t=s[::-1]res=[t[i:i+3]foriinrange(0,n,3)]print(",".join(res)[::-1])项目五使用函数实施模块化程序设计一、选择题1-3CAD4①C②A5①C②A二、填空题1.实际参数(或简称实参)2.位置参数关键字参数3.局部函数4.递归函数5.名称三、阅读程序，写出程序的运行结果1.282.[1,3,5,7]3.[1,2]四、编写程序1.defreverse(lst):returnlst[::-1]if__name__=="__main__":s=input("请输入字符串:\n")print(reverse(s))2.defonly(s):forcins:ifs.count(c)==1:returncif__name__=="__main__":s=input("请输入字符串:\n")print(only(s))3.defWordNum(s):w=s.split()d={}foriinw:ifiind:d[i]+=1else:d[i]=1returndif__name__=="__main__":s=input("请输入字符串:\n")print(WordNum(s))项目六应用面向对象思想设计程序一、选择题1-5DDACD二、填空题1.classboss(employee):2.方法def2.将类的方法指定为属性将方法指定为name属性的修改器3.类名.方法名(实际参数)4.初始化类对象三、阅读程序，写出程序运行结果973355292325537.69911184307752四、编写程序1.classStudent:def__init__(self,sno,name,sex,clsname):self.sno=snoself.__name=nameself.sex=sexself.clsname=clsnamedefshow(self):print(f"{self.sno:^10s}{self.__name:^5s}{self.sex:^3s}{self.clsname:^20s}")classStudent_Grade(Student):def__init__(self,sno,name,sex,clsname):super().__init__(sno,name,sex,clsname)self.__grade={}defAddGrade(self,course,grade):self.__grade[course]=gradedefAverage(self):iflen(self.__grade)==0:return0returnsum(self.__grade.values())/len(self.__grade.values())if__name__=="__main__":s=input("请输入成绩，格式为：课程名称成绩，直接换行结束输入:\n")stu=Student_Grade("0001","张三","男","2020级大数据1班")whileTrue:data=s.split()iflen(data)!=2:print("输入结束\n");breaktry:grade=float(data[1])except:print("成绩格式错\n");breakstu.AddGrade(data[0],grade)s=input("请输入成绩，格式为：课程名称成绩，直接换行结束输入:\n")print("平均分",stu.Average())2.fromdatetimeimportdateclassMonthError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'月份错误'classDayError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'日期错误'classDateFormatError(Exception):def__str__(self):return'日期格式错误'classMyDate3:@staticmethoddefstr2date(sdate):try:year,month,day=[int(d)fordinsdate.split("/")]except:raiseDateFormatErrordnums=[0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]ifnot1<=month<=12:raiseMonthErrorelse:ifyear%400==0oryear%100!=0andyear%4==0:dnums[2]+=1ifnot1<=day<=dnums[month]:raiseDayErrorreturndate(year,month,day)if__name__=="__main__":s=input("请输入日期(yyyy/mm/dd):\n")try:date=MyDate3.str2date(s)exceptExceptionase:print(e)else:print(date)项目七操作文件一、选择题1-5BABAB6-10BCCBA二、填空题1.os.path.isdir("d:\\a")2.os.makedirs(r"D:\a\b\c")3.os.listdir(r"D:\a")4.os.path.join(r"D:\a\b\c","d.xlsx")5.('D:\\a\\b\\c和文件名d','.xlsx')6.rmtree("D:\\a")7.copytree("D:\\a","D:\\d")8.withopen("D:\\a.json","w")asf:json.dump(列表名称,f)9.load_workbook(f"d:\\a.xlsx")["sheet1"]10.withopen("D:\\a.pkl","wb")asf:pickle.dump([1,2,3,4],f)三、编写程序1.importosfromshutilimportcopytreeforiinrange(1,11):os.makedirs("D:\\自己的姓名\\"+str(i))copytree("d:\\自己的姓名","c:\\自己的姓名")2.importosfromopenpyxlimportWorkbookfiles=os.listdir("C:\\windows")wb=Workbook()sheet=wb.create_sheet("windows")i=1forfinfiles:sheet.cell(i,1).value=fi+=1wb.active=1wb.save("d:\\files.xlsx")#有些系统限制存到C盘项目八使用进程和线程并行执行一、填空题1.requests.get(url)2.元素后代3.当前节点4.选择body元素下class属性值为main的div元素5.tree.xpath(‘//td[@class=”sname”]’)6.是被调用函数被调用函数的参数构成的列表item_list7.t.start()8.p.join()9.逻辑CPU数量二、简答题1.所有任务排成一列依次执行的方式称为串行。多个程序任务同时执行的方式称为并行。两者的区别在于同时执行的任务数量，串行同一时刻只有一个任务在执行，并行同一时刻有多个任务在执行。2.Python中的多个线程其实是交替在CPU上执行的，适用于IO密集型任务，即输入输出操作多的程序，多个线程并发执行能让计算和输入输出操作同时执行，进而提高运行速度。多进程并行执行是多个进程同时在多核CPU上运行，是真正的同时运行，适用于计算密集型程序。3.在主进程中依次调用子进程对象的join()方法可以等待所有子进程执行结束。4.在Python中使用进程间的同步机制，如锁、队列和管道等控制进程的执行顺序。三、编程题1.fromlxmlimportetreeimportrequestsfroma5_3_2检测函数运行时间importtimeitdeftoFloat(s):base=10000ifs.find('万')>=0else1s=s.replace('万','').replace(',','')try:returnfloat(s)*baseexcept:return0defget_inventory(company_code):content=requests.get(f'/share,{company_code},zcfzb.shtml').contenttree=etree.HTML(content)company_name=tree.xpath('//div[@class="sname"]/h3/a/text()')[0]inventory=toFloat(tree.xpath("//td[contains(text(),'存货')]/following-sibling::td[1]")[0].text)return[company_code,company_name,inventory]@timeit(1)defget_all(stock_list):returnsorted([get_inventory(company_code)forcompany_codeinstock_list],key=lambdaa:a[2],reverse=True)if__name__=="__main__":res=get_all(['300505','300477','300958','300779','300354','300079','300899','300193','300317','300568','300480','300212','300445','300367','300769','300422','300278','300103','300438','300543'])print(f"{'代码':^10s}{'名称':^10s}{'存货':^20s}")forsinres:print("{s[0]:^10s}{s[1]:{ch}^10s}{s[2]:<20.2f}".format(s=s,ch=chr(12288)))2.frommultiprocessingimportPool,cpu_countdefIsPrime(num):forjinrange(2,int(num**0.5)+1):ifnum%j==0:return0returnnumif__name__=="__main__":withPool(cpu_count())aspool:res=pool.map(IsPrime,range(2,10000))print([iforiinresifi!=0])项目九访问数据库一、选择题1-5DCBAD二、填空题1.excecute2.字段3.insert4.delete三、编写程序1.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute('''CREATETABLEstudents_Infor(idintegerprimarykey,nametext,sextext,ageinteger)''')cur.execute('''CREATETABLEcourse(idintegerprimarykey,course_nametext)''')cur.execute('''CREATETABLEgrade(stud_idinteger,course_idinteger,gradereal,primarykey(stud_id,course_id))''')mit()con.close()2.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(1,'张三','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(2,'李四','女',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(3,'王五','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(4,'韩六','女',15)")cur.execute("insertintostudents_inforvalues(5,'赵七','男',15)")cur.execute("insertintocoursevalues(1,'语文'),(2,'数学'),(3,'英语'),(4,'Python'),(5,'Pandas')")mit()con.close()3.importsqlite3con=sqlite3.connect('students.db')cur=con.cursor()cur.execute("deletefromstudents_inforwheresex='男'")mit()con.close()项目十使用正则表达式处理文字一、选择题1-5BCADB二、填空题1."[1-9]\d{4,10}"2.正前瞻负前瞻正回顾负回顾3."[\u4e00-\u9fa5][A-Z][A-Z0-9]{5}"4."\d{3}-\d{8}"5.数字非数字单词字符非单词字符三、阅读程序，写出程序运行结果1.matchObj.group():Onaverage,EuropeansaretallerthanAsiansmatchObj.group(1):Onaverage,EuropeansmatchObj.group(2):taller2.电话号码话号