第三章阅读理解分类汇编人物传记类

第一部分五年高考题荟萃Passage(09FourpeopleinEnglandbackin1953,staredatPhoto51,Itwasn’tmuch—apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed–theshapeofDNAThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWilkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.HernamewasRosalindFranklin.”Sheshouldhavebeenupthere,”sayshistorianMaryBowden.”Ifherphotoshadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”OnereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitorsAtCambridgeUniversityinthe1950s,WatsonandClicktriedtomakemodelsbycuttingupshapesofDNA’spartsandthenputtingthemtogether.Inthemeantime,atKing’sCollegeinLondon,FranklinandWilkinsshoneX-raysatthemolecule(分子TheraysproducedreflectiontheButWilkinsandFranklin’srelationshipwasalotrockierthancelebratedteamworkofWatsonandCrick,WilkinsthoughtFranklinwashiredtobehisassistant.ButthecollegeactuallyemployedhertotakeovertheDNAproject.WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,“Mereinspectionsuggestedthatshewouldnoteasilybend.Clearlyshehadtotogoorbeputinherplace.”AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers,sayshistorianPninaAbir-Am.In1962attheNobelPrizeawardingceremony,Wilkinsthanked13colleaguesbynamebeforehementionedFranklin,Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinwasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”Abir-Amsays.ThiswasbackedupbyAaronKlug,whoworkedwithFranklinandlaterwonaNobelPrizehimself.Oncedescribedasthe“DarkLadyofDNA”,Franklinisfinallycomingintothelight.WhatisthetextmainlyTheunfairtreatmentofTheprocessofdiscoveringTheracebetweentwoteamsofWatsonwasangrywithFranklinbecause tooktheleadinthekeptherresultsfromprovedsomeofhisfindingssharedherdatawithotherWhyisFranklindescribed “DarkLadyofShedevelopedpicturesindark blackX-theshapeofHernamewasforgottenafterherHercontributionwasunknowntotheA. D. (09

PassageHowtoBeaSirStevenWinnerof5OlympicGold“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病Believingmycareer（职业生涯）wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewastonoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingcompeting.Thatwasit-theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”Karen“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess-youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingPoet&“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan’tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychological（心理的）WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkHeovercametheshadowofillnesstoWhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherHertrainingHerdailyHerHersportsWaysthathelponetoWordsthathelponetofeellessHabitsthatmakeithardforonetoAccordingtothepassage,whatdothethreepeoplehaveinHard 09宁夏、海南B篇

PassageComputerprogrammerDavidJonesearns$35.000ayeardesigningnewcomputergames.yethecannotfindabankreadytolethimhavecreditcard（信用卡）Insteadhehasbeentoldtowaitanothertwountilheis18.The16-year-oldworksforasmallfirminLiverpoolwheretheproblemofmostyoungpeopleofhisageisfindingajobDavid’sreleases（推出）twonewgamesforthefastgrowingcomputereachButDavid’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.thoughheearnsalothecannotdriveacartakeoutamortgage（抵押贷款）,orgetcreditcardsDavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basedcompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms”hesaidDavidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothesandgiveshismother50poundsaweekButmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.“Unfortunately,computingwasnotpartofourstudiesatschool“hesaid“ButIhadbeenstudyingitinbooksandmagazinesforfouryearsinmysparetimeIknewwhatIwantedtodoandneverconsideredstayingonatschoolMostpeopleinthisbusinessarefairlyyoung,anyway”Davidadded:”IwouldliketoearnamillionandIsupposeearlyInwhatwayisDaviddifferentfrompeopleofhisHeoftengoesoutwithHeliveswithhisHehasahandsomeHegraduatedwithsixO-WhatisoneoftheproblemsthatDavidisfacingHeistooyoungtogetacreditHehasnotimetolearnHehasverylittlespareHewillsoonlosehisWhywasDavidabletogetthejobintheHehaddonewellinallhisHehadwrittensomecomputerHehadlearnttousecomputersatWhydidDaviddecidetoleaveschoolandstartHereceivedlotsofjobHewaseagertohelphisHelostinterestinHewantedtoearnhisown (09

PassageWhenpeoplehearapresidentspeak,theyseldomthinkabouthelpingtoshapethepresentation（报告）.Today,however,presidentsdependonwriterssuchasJ.TerryEdmondstohelpthemcommunicate（交流）effectivelyEdmondsisthefirstAfricanAmericanevertoworkasafull-timespeechwriterforaU.S.president;heissothefirstAfricanAmericantoserveasdirectorofspeechwritingforWhiteHouse.Hisisanall-Americanstoryofsuccess.EdmondsgrewupinBaltimore,Maryland;hisfatherdroveaandhismotherworkedasawaitress.A.greatreader,EdmondsshowedagiftforwritingathishighSchool,BaltimoreCityCollegeAftergraduatingin1967wentontoMorganStateEdmondsbeganhiscareerinbusiness,withjobsinpublicrelationsandcommunications.Hejoinedtheworldofpoliticsasnewsforhiscongressman（国会议员）fromBaltimoreDuringBillpresidency,hewrotespeechesforHealthandHumanServicesSecretaryDonnaShalalaandworkedinanumberofjobintheWhiteHouseandingovernmentaldepartmentsPresidentClintonthenappointed（任命）himtotheofficeofdirectoryofspeechwritingFollowing2000electionsEdmondsreturnedtoMorganStateUniversityasWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheEdmondsprovedhimselftobegoodatwritingathighEdmondsenteredtheworldofpoliticsfirst newssecretaryforanewssecretaryintheWhiteaspeechwriterforSecretaryDonnaThetextismostlikelytobefoundinabook A.popular C. D,Political (08

PassageNapoleon,asacharacterinTolstoy’sWarandPeace,ismorethanoncedescribedashaving“fatlittlehands.”Nordoeshe“sitwellorfirmlyonthehorse.”Heissaidtobe“undersized,”with“shortlegs”anda“roundstomach”.TheissuehereisnottheaccuracyofTolstoy’sdescription—itseemsnotthatfarofffromhistoricalaccounts—buthischoiceoffacts:otherthingsthatcouldbesaidofthemanarenotsaid.WearemeanttounderstandthedifferenceofawarringcommanderinthebodyofafatlittleFrenchman.Tolstoy’sNapoleoncouldbeanymanwanderinginthestreetsandputtingalittleofpowderedtobaccouphisnose—andthatisthepoint.Itisawaythenovelistusestoshowthemoralnatureofacharacter.Anditturnsoutthat,asTolstoyhasit,Napoleonisacrazyman.InasceneinBookThreeofWarandPeace,thewarshavingreachedthecriticalyearof1812,NapoleonreceivesarepresentativefromtheTsar(沙皇),whohascomewithpeaceterms.Napoleonisveryhehavemorearmy?He,nottheTsar,istheonetomaketheterms.HewilldestroyallofEuropeifhisarmyisstopped,“Thatiswhatyouwillhavegainedbyengagingmeinthewar!”heshouts.Andthen,Tolstoywrites,Napoleon“walkedsilentlyseveraltimesupanddowntheroom,hisfatshouldersmovingquickly.”Stilllater,afterreviewinghisarmyamidcheeringcrowds,NapoleoninvitestheshakenRussiantodinner.“HeraisedhishandtotheRussian’s...face,”Tolstoywrites,and“takinghimbytheearpulleditgently...”.Tohaveone’searpulledbytheEmperorwasconsideredthegreatesthonorandmarkoffavorattheFrenchcourt.“Well,well,whydon’tyousayanything?”saidhe,asifitwasridiculousinhispresencetorespectanyonebuthimself,Napoleon.Tolstoydidhisresearch,butthecompositionishisTolstoy’sdescriptionofNapoleoninWarandPeace farfromthehistoricalbasedontheRussianbasedonhisselectionofnotrelatedtohistoricalNapoleonwas angrywhen receivingtheRussianrepresentative hethoughtheshouldbetheonetomakethepeacetheTsar’speacetermswerehardtohedidn’thaveanymorearmytofightWhatdidNapoleonexpecttheRussianrepresentativetoTowalkoutoftheroominTolstoyintendedtopresentNapoleonasamanwho A.ill-manneredindealingwithforeignguestsB.fondofshowingoffhisironwillC.determinedindestroyingallofEuropeD.crazyforpowerandrespectWhatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageA.Awriterdoesn’thavetobefaithfultohisB.AwritermaywriteaboutaheroinhisownC.AwritermaynotberesponsibleforwhatheD.Awriterhashardlyanyfreedomtoshowhis (08

PassageItwasthesummerof1965.DeLuca,then17,visitedPeterBuck,afamilyfriend.BuckaskedDeLucaabouthisplansforthefuture.“I’mgoingtocollege,butIneedawaytopayforit,”DeLucarecallssaying.“Bucksaid,’Youshouldopenasandwichshop.’”Thatafternoon,theyagreedtobepartners.Andtheysetagoal:toopen32storesintenyears.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Buckwroteacheckfor$1,000.DeLucarentedastorefront(店面)inConnecticut,andtheycouldn’tcovertheirstart-upcosts,BuckkickedinanotherButbusinessdidn’tgosmoothlyastheyexpected.DeLucasays,“Aftersixmonths,weweredoingpoorly,butwedidn’tknowhowbadly,becausewedidn’thaveanyfinancialcontrols.”AllheandBuckknewwasthattheirsaleswerelowerthantheircosts.DeLucawasmanagingthestoreandgoingtotheUniversityofBridgeportatthesametime.BuckwasworkingathisdayjobasanuclearphysicistinNewYork.They’dmeetMondayeveningsandbrainstormideasforkeepingthebusinessrunning.“Weconvincedourselvestoopenasecondstore.Wefiguredwecouldtellthepublic,’Wearesosuccessful,weareopeningasecondstore.’”Andtheydid－inthespringofwasalotoflearningbytrialandButthepartners’learn-as-yougoapproachturnedouttobegreateststrength.EveryFriday,DeLucawoulddrivearoundandhand-deliverthecheckstopaytheirsuppliers.“Itprobablytookmetwoandahalfhoursanditwasn’tnecessary,butasaresult,thesuppliersgottoknowmeverywell,andthepersonalrelationshipsestablishedreallyhelpedout,”DeLucasays.Andhavingagoalwasalsoimportant.“Therearesomanyproblemsthatcangetyoudown.Youjusthavetokeepworkingtowardyourgoal,”DeLucaadds.DeLucaendedupfoundingSubwaySandwich,themultimillion-dollarrestaurantchain.DeLucaopenedthefirstsandwichshopinorder supporthispayforhiscollegehelphispartnerexpanddosomeWhichofthefollowingistrueofHeputmoneyintothesandwichHewasaprofessorofbusinessHewasstudyingattheUniversityofHerentedastorefrontforWhatcanwelearnabouttheirfirstItstoodatanunfavorableItloweredthepricestopromoteItmadenoprofitsduetopoorItlackedcontroloverthequalityofTheydecidedtoopenasecondstorebecause hadenoughmoneytodohadsucceededintheirwishedtomeettheincreasingdemandofwantedtomakebelievethattheywereWhatcontributesmosttotheirsuccessaccordingtotheA.Learningbytrialanderror. B.Makingfriendswithsuppliers.C.Findingagoodpartner. D.Openingchainstores. (08

PassageMelissaPoewas9yearsoldwhenshebeganacampaignforacleanerenvironmentbywritingalettertothethenPresidentBush.Throughherownefforts,herletterwasreproducedonover250(TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300,000membersofKidsF.A.C.E.worldwideanditistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.PoehasalsoaskedtheNationalParkServicetocarryouta“Children’sForest”projectineverynationalpark.In1992,shewasinvitedasoneofonlysixchildrenintheworldtospeakattheEarthSummitinBrazilaspartoftheVoicesoftheFutureProgram.In1993,shewasgivenaCaringAwardforhereffortsbytheCaringInstitute.Sincetheorganizationstarted,KidsF.A.C.E.membershavedistributedandplantedover1milliontrees!Ongoingtree-projectsincludeKid’sYards－thecreationofbackyardwildlife栖息地)andnowKidsF.A.C.E.isinvolvedintheexcitingEarthOdyssey,whichisagreatwaytostarthelping.“Startingtheclubturnedouttobeawaytohelppeoplegetinvolvedwiththeenvironment.Clubmembersstarteddoingthingslikerecycling,pickinguplitterandplantingtreesaswellasinvitingotherkidstojointheirclub.”“Wetrytotellkidsthatit’snotOKtobelazy,”she now,rightaway,beforeyoubecomearesource-suckingadult.”Kids A.aprogramtohelpstudentswithB.aprojectoflitterD.aclubofenvironmentalWhatcanwelearnaboutShewasawardedaprizeinShejoinedtheNationalPark establishedinanational B.startedtoprotect WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePoesoughthelpfromayouthorganization.C.KidsF.A.C.E.membersarefromtheU.S.D.Kidsareurgedtosavenaturalresources. (08

PassageToppingtheclassacademicallywascertainlyadvantage．StudyingwasabreezeforNigel．TherewardwascertainlyincomparabletothelittleeffortthathehadtoputitItbeganwhenhewasselectedtohelptheteachersinthecomputerlaboratories．Thepeakofhisschoolcareercamenotwhenhetoppedtheschoolbutwhenhewasselectedforthenationwidecompetition．Unlikeeveryoneelse,NigelwantedjointhecontestbecausehelikedplayingwiththeLegosetsandsomethingoutofthem．Nigelspentthenexttwomonthsrebuildingtherobot．ItwasduringthetimethatNigelfoundoutabouttheprizesforthecompetitionaswellasanothercompetitor,Alicia,fromaneighboringschool．Hisearlyintentionswereforgotten．Gettingthethousand-dollarprizewasmoreimportantthananythingelse．NigeldecidedtobefriendAlciaUnawareofhisintentions,shetoldhimallabouttherobotthatshehadbeenbuildingforthecompetition．Heevenhelpedhertoputthefinishingtouchestoherrobot．Hewasgladwiththewaythingshadprogressed．HisrobotlookedevenbetterthanAlicia’sanditwasabletobounceaballwithitsarm,somethingAliciahadfailedtodo．Onthedayofthecompetition,hesawAlicia．Everythingdawnedhertheminuteshehimamongthecompetitors.Shestaredathim,puzzledatfirst,thenandfinallyalookofhelplessnesscameoverTheflashbulbsofthecameraexplodedinNigel’sface．Therobothadperformedactionssouniqueanddifferentthatthespecialists’judgmentswerethesame．Nigelwassopleasedwithhimselfthathedidnotevennoticethegirlstandingafewfeetawayfromhim．Withouther,hewouldneverhavewontheWhatrewarddidNigelreceivefordoingwellinhisschoolHewasofferedapart-timeHewashonoredwithaHehelpedhisteachersconstructaHehelpedinthecomputer bethetopstudentofthebeinggreathonortohisschoolC．constructarobotwiththeLegosetsD．winsthethousand-dollarprizeWhydidNigelhelpAliciafinishherHetriedtomakefriendswithHewasfondofbuildingHeintendedtohelpHedidn’twanthertosuspectHeismildly B．HeisstronglyC．Heisinfavorof D．Hisattitudeisnot (08

PassageSandraCisneroswasborninChicagoin1954toaMexicanAmericanfamily.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren,sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers,”becausehersixbrothers,aswellasherfathertriedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportantsheretreated(避)intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading,shedidnotdowellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.Inhighschool,withtheencouragementofoneparticularteacher,Cisnerosimprovedhergradesandworkedfortheschoolliterarymagazine.Herfatherencouragedhertogotocollegebecausehethoughtitwouldbeagoodwayforhertofindahusband.Cisnerosdidattendcollege,butinsteadofsearchingforahusband,shefoundateacherwhohelpedherjointhefamousgraduatewritingprogramattheUniversityofIowa.Attheuniversity’sWriters’Workshop,however,shefeltlonely—aMexicanAmericanfromapoorneighborhoodamongstudentsfromwealthyfamilies.ThefeelingofbeingsodifferenthelpedCisnerosfindher“creativevoice.”“ItwasnotuntilthismomentwhenIconsideredmyselftrulydifferentthatmywritingacquiredavoice.IknewIwasaMexicanwoman,butIdidn’tthinkithadanythingtodowithwhyIfeltsomuchimbalanceinmylife,butithadeverythingtodowithit!That’swhenIdecidedIwouldwriteaboutsomethingmyclassmatescouldn’twriteCisnerospublishedherfirstwork,TheHouseonMangowhenshewastwenty-nine.ThebooktellsaboutayoungMexicanAmericangirlgrowingupinaSpanish-speakingareainChicago,muchliketheneighborhoodsinwhichCisneroslivedasachild.Thebookwonanawardin1985andhasbeenusedinclassesfromhighschoolthroughgraduateschoollevel.Sincethen,Cisneroshaspublishedseveralbooksofpoetry,achildren’sbook,andashort-storycollection.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherShehadsevenShefeltherselfaShewastooshytogotoShedidnothaveanygoodThegraduateprogramgaveCisnerosachance workforaschool B.runawayfromherC.makealotof D.developherwritingAccordingtoCisneros,whatplayedthedecisiveroleinherHerearlyyearsin B.HertrainingintheC.Herfeelingofbeingdifferent.D.HerchildhoodWhatdowelearnaboutTheHouseonMangoItisquitepopularamongItistheonlybookeverwrittenbyItwasn’tasuccessasitwaswrittenin (08

PassageAdrian’s“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldn’thearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaschoolforthehearing-impaired听觉受损的)，helearnedsignandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicatingwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.Lateron,Adrian’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool.Buttheheadmastertriedtopreventthemfromdoingso,sayingregularschoolscouldn’ttakecareofaspecialneedsstudent.Hisparentsweredeterminedtotaketheriskandpushedhimhardtogothroughhisworkeverydaybecausetheywantedtoprovethat,giventheopportunity,hecoulddoanything.Adrianmadethegradeandgotaccepted.Itwasabigchallenge.Thepace（节奏）wasfastersohehadtositatthefrontofclassandreallypayattentiontotheteacher,whichwasn’talwayseasy.Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.Adriangraduatedwithgoodgradesandgotintoatophighschool.Healsoachievedalotinlifeoutsideschool.HedevelopedalovefortheoutdoorsandwenttoNepaltoclimbmountains.HeevenenteredtheWorldYachtButnoneoftheseachievementswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutoneofthemostimportantlessonsfromhismother.“Ifyoubelieveinyourselfandworkhard,youcanachievegreatresults,”sheoftensaid.HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialBy B.ByusingsignC.Byreading D.BymakingloudAdrian’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool theywantedhimtoliveanormaltheywantedtoprovetheheadmasterhewouldn’tmixwithotherdisabledhewasn’ttakengoodcareofinthespecialHowdidAdrianfinallysucceedinhisHedidalotofoutdoorHewaspushedhardtostudyeveryHeattendedprivateclassesafterHeworkedveryhardbothinandafterHedidverywellinhisHesucceededinenteringaregularHereachedhisgoalsinspiteofhis (08

PassageAftertheSummerOlympicsareover,whenalltheathletesandviewershavegonehomeandthetelevisionaudiencehasswitchedoff,anothergroupofathletesandfanswillarriveatthehostcity,andanothercompetitionwillbegin.ThesearetheParalympics,thegamesforathleteswithadisability.ButinBeijingin2008,forthefirsttime,oneofthegreatestparalympianswillnotbetakingpart.SheisaBritishathletebythenameofTanniGrey-withspinabifida（脊椎裂）whichleftherparalysedfromthewaistdown,Tanniusedawheelchairfromtheageof7.Atfirst,shewasnotkeenonsport,apartfromhorseriding,whichgaveherasenseoffreedom.Butinherteens,shestartedtakingsportsmoreseriously.Shetriedswimming,basketballandtennis.Eventuallyshefoundathletics,andneverlookedback.Indeed,Tanni’sathleticcareertookoff.In1984,whenshewas15,shepulledoffasurprisevictoryinthe100metresattheJuniorNationalWheelchairGames.In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronzeinthe400metres.Evengreatersuccessfollowedatthe1992BarcelonaParalympics.Tanniwongoldinthe100,200,400and800metresrelay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.InthesameyearsheachievedthefirstofhersixLondonWheelchairMarathonvictories.Tanni’senduringsuccesshasbeenpartmotivation(动机partpreparation.“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑运动员）,enablesmetobegoodatamarathontoo.Itrain50weeksofyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwenttorace...Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlevel,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”IndeedTanniretiredfinallyaftertheVisaParalympicWorldCupin2007.HerwishistocoachyoungathletesforBeijing2008OlympicInspiteofupsanddowns,shenevertakesherfatelyingdown.Inhersplendidlife,shehaswonanamazingelevengoldmedals,foursilversandonebronzeinaseriesofParalympics—atoplevelathleticcareercoveringtwodecades.ShehaswontheLondonWheelchairMarathonsixtimes,morethananyothercompetitor,andshehassetoverthirtyworldWhatadvicedoesshehaveforyoungathletes?“Workhardatyourstudies,andthentrain,trainandtrainagain.” WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldA.In D.InTheunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefers beingagoodpartmotivationandpartWhat’stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedtoSheworksasaShetookupShewonfourgoldmedalsinSheachievedavictoryinherfirstLondonWheelchairMarathon. Unionis B.NevertoolatetoC.Wellbegunishalf (07

PassageWhenAndreaPetersonlandedherfirstteachingjob,shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandards-basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers.Forherdriveandcreativityinovercomingthosechallenges,she’sbeennamednationalteacherofthePrincipalWaynesKettlersaidhe’sworkedwithmanyoutstandingteachersinhis22yearsasaneducator,butPetersonis“justthatonestepaboveanybodyI’veeverworkedwithbefore.”KettlerandothersatMonteCristoElementarySchooltalkthewaysshehasintroducedthelearningfromotherclassroomsintohermusicprogramandhercreativityinworkingaroundthingssuchasthelackofmoneyfornewmusic.WhenstudentswerereadingS.E.Hinton’snovelTheOutsidersintheirregularclassroom,Petersonhelpedthemwritea30-minuteplaywithscenesfromthebook.ThentheychosethreeBroadwaytunesthatfocusednorace,equalityandsocialjustice,thethemesofthebook.Petersoncomposedtwoothersongsherselfafterclassroomdiscussionsabouttheplayandthebook.ThehonormeansalottoresidentsofGraniteFoils.It’sinspiringtoknowthatpeoplefromsmalltownsownevenwinnationalAsnationalteacheroftheyear,Petersonwillspendthemoreyearoutsidetheclassroom,asanationalandinternationalspokeswomanforeducation.Notsurpassingly.Sheisabigbelieveinthewhiteofactseducation.Shesaidit’sessentialforschoolstoofferclassessuchasactormusicandphysicaleducationbecauseforsomekidsoneofthosesubjectsistheonlythingthatmotivatesthemtocomebacktoschooldayafterTheunderlinedword“daunting”inParagraph1mostprobably. WhenPetersonbeganherteaching musicwasafocusoflearninginmosttheenvironmentwasfavorabletomusictheschoolbackedteachingfacilitiesformusicD．immemorialsupportformusicprogramswasunavailableWhatisthemostimportantreasonthatPetersonwontheSheconcernedherselfwithcurrentsocialShemotivatedstudentstolearnmusicwithherShehastaughtmusicattheelementaryschoolfor22Shemakegreateffortstoamusestudents’interestinWhichofthefollowingisanexampleofPeterson’swayofteachingShewroteplaysonthemesofrace,equalityandsocialShemadeuseofthecontentsofotherclassesinherSheorganizedclassroomdiscussionsofBroadwayShehelpedstudentscomposesongsbyInPeterson’s artmusicandPEclassesareallmoresubjectsshouldbeofferedtostudentsshouldbemotivatedtoattendartartseducationismoreimportantthanothersubjects70．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Peterson’shonorwasasurpriseforthelocalpeopleD．Petersonwillchangeherprofessionnext Passage07宁夏、海南、全国ⅠD篇AnyonewhocaresaboutwhatschoolsandcollegesteachandTyler,whoisoneofthemostfamousmeninAmericaneducation.BorninChicagoin1902,broughtupandschooledinNebraska,the19-year-oldcollegegraduateRalphTylerbecamehookedonteachingwhileteachingasascienceteacherinSouthDakotaandchangedhismajorfrommedicinetoeducation.GraduateworkattheUniversityofChicagofoundhimconnectedwithhonorableeducatorsCharlesJuddandW.W.Charters,whoseideasofteachingandtestinghadaneffectonhislaterwork.In1927,hebecameateacherofOhioStateUniversitywherehefurtherdevelopedanewmethodoftesting.Tylerbecamewell-knownnationalityin1938,whenhecarriedworkwiththeEight-YearStudyfromOhioStateUniversitytotheUniversityofChicagoattheinvitationofRobertHutchins.TylerwasthefirstdirectoroftheCenterforAdvancedStudyinBehavioralSciencesatStanford,apositionheheldforfourteenyears.There,hefirmlybelievedthatresearchersshouldbefreetoseekanAlthoughTylerofficiallyretiredin1967,heneveractuallyretired.servedonalonglistofeducationalorganizationsintheUnitedStatesandabroad.Eveninhis80shetraveledacrossthecountrytoadvise B.LanguageC.Serious D.ScienceThewords“hookedonteaching”underlinedinParagraph2probably