Unit 5 Working the land Using language 课件 【知识精讲精研】人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一Unit5Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.—YuanLongping

我毕生的追求是让所有人远离饥饿。——袁隆平P.54ExploretheworldhungerproblemThefirstphotorepresentstheideaofdrought.Eitheraliveroralakebedhasbeenexposedbyrecedingwaters,leavingbehindcrackedsoil.Achildispouringwaterontotheground.Whenthereisdrought,cropscannotgrowandanimalsmaydie.Thesecondphotorepresentstheideaofwar.Hungeroftencomeswithwar,asoftenpeoplecannotfam,ortheycannotworktoearnmoneytobuyfood.And,eveniftheyhadmoneytobuyfood,themarketsmightbeemptyorclosed.

Thethirdphotorepresentsfamine.Thechildinthephotoisavictimoffamine,whichiswhyhis/herarmandhandaresothin.Famineiswhenthecropsdonotgrowandthereisnotenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.Whilefaminecanbecausedbydrought,someoftheworstfaminesinworldhistoryhadothersources,suchasinsectsordiseasesthatdestroyedthecrops,orweatherthatwaseithertoohotortoocoolforthecropstogrowproperly.P.54Exploretheworldhungerproblem1WhatistheFAO?Whatisitsmission?2Whatcanseriouslyaffectcropproduction?3WhatdoestheFAOthinkaboutnutritiousfood?4WhatistheFAOdoingtoalleviateworldhunger?5WhatdoestheFAOsuggestcountriesdo?FAOstandsforFoodandAgricultureOrganisation.Itsaimistoeliminateworldhunger.Everycountryneedstofocusonmakingnewachievementsinagriculturetoo,whichcanoftenbenefitthewholeworld.Droughts,floods,andclimatechange.TheFAObelieveseveryoneshouldhavetherighttogethealthyfood.TheFAOrunsaprojectcalledClimateSmartAgriculture,whichhelpscountriestodevelopsustainableagriculture.P.541Accordingtoourlatestfigures,…2Thereisstrongevidencetosuggestthat…3Ourresearchindicatesthat…A

warscanheavilyaffectfoodproductionand

transportation.B(worldhunger)standsataround11%ofthe

world’spopulation.Cmanypeoplejustcan’taffordtoeatwell.1Whatareallthepossiblecausesofworldhungerthatyoucanthinkof?2Whatcanpeopleandcountriesdotohelpalleviatethesecauses?Droughts,floods,poverty,andwar.droughtsnewformsofagriculturenotrelyingsomuchonwater,anddrought-resistantcropsfloodsbuilddamsandlevees(防洪堤)topreventthempovertysolvedthrougheconomicdevelopmentandprogrammeswarsolvedthroughinternationalnegotiationP.54SharingyouropinionsP.55EvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarmingP.55P.561Whydidmanyfarmerswelcometheintroductionofchemicalfarming?2Whatconcernsmanypeopleabouttheuseofpesticides?3Whatisoneproblemwiththeuseofchemicalfertilisers?4Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasesthroughnaturalmeans.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseasesandincreaseproduction.Theirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople'shealth.Cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.P.565Whydoorganicfarmerschangethekindofcropgrowninafieldeveryyear?6Whatisthegoalofusingorganicfarmingmethods?Doyouthinkitcanbereached?

Whyorwhynot?Differentcropsaregrownbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Thegoalofusingorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople'shealth.Yes,Ithinkthisgoalcanbereached.Farmersworkedforcenturieswithoutusinganykindsorchemicalsandwithoutharmingtheenvironment,andthefoodtheyproducedwasjustfine.P.56AWhatorganicfarmingisBWhyman-madechemicalsarestillusedinfarmingCOrganicmethodsforproducingrichsoilDTheproblemswithchemicalfarmingDACBbacteriaandinsectsprohibiteddamagetheycausegrowtoofastnutritionnaturalwastefromanimalschangethekindofcropeveryyeardifferentdepthsdemandforfoodaroundtheworldP.571Discussthesequestionsingroups.•Istheauthorofthepassagefororagainstorganicfarming?Howdoyouknow?

•Whatotherdisadvantagesofchemicalfarmingdidtheauthornotlist?

•Howmightthefollowingitemsbeproblemsandhowimportantaretheyfororganicfarming?•Whatotherdisadvantagesoforganicfarmingcanyouthinkof?P.572Decidewhetheryourgroupsupportschemicalfarmingororganicfarming.Comeupwith

threemainpointstosupportyouropinion,andthenaddatleastonedetailtosupporteachmainpoint.Completetheoutlinebelow.(论点)(论据)(结论)

Inmyopinion,organicfarmingispreferabletochemicalfarming

becauseofthebenefitstotheenvironmentandtopeople,andbecauseorganicfoodismorenutritious.

Tobeginwith,chemicalfarmingharmstheenvironment.Sincechemicalpesticidesarenotfoundinnature,normalnaturalprocessescannotgetridofthem.Instead,thechemicalstendtoaccumulateinthesoilandwater,andareabsorbedinthefoodchain,wheretheypoisonwildlifeanddomesticanimals.

Thisaffectsusdirectly,becauseweendupeatingplants,dairyproducts,eggs,andmeatthathavehighlevelsofpesticides.Thinkaboutit:Thepurposeofthepesticidesistokill"pests",thatis,tokillinsects.Somethingthatcankillaninsectprobablyisnothealthyforpersontoeat.Whileitmaybetruethatthefoodweeatdoesnothaveenoughpesticideinittokillusimmediately,overtheyearsthispesticidemaycauseushealthproblemsorgiveusdiseasessuchascancer.

Finally,organicfoodisgenerallymorenutritiousthanfoodgrownwithman-madechemicals.Ifyourememberafewyearsago,therewasthecaseofwatermelonsliterally(真地、确实)explodinginthefieldsbecausetheyhadbeengivenchemicalstomakethemgrowfaster.Thereasonwhytheyexplodedwasthattheycontainedtoomuchwater,becausethefarmershadusedtoomanychemicalsandtheweatherwasunusuallywet.Asitturnsout,suchchemicalsarecommonlyusedinfarmingtogrowlargercropsmorequickly.Doyoureallywanttoeatwatered-down(打了折扣的)fruitandvegetableswhichhavebeenrushedtomarket?Theycannotpossiblytasteasgoodasorganicvegetables,norcantheybeasnutritious.

Inclosing,Iwouldliketosuggestbuyingorganicfood.Yes,thepriceisalittlehigher,butthesmallpricewepayextrawillbringushugerewardsintheend.LanguagestudyEvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarmingP.55versus(vs,v)prep.

(比赛中)对……(某人或某队)、以……为对手；(两者比较时)跟……相比e.g.ThenextfootballmatchisFranceversusBrazil.

ItalyversusJapanisturningouttobeasurprisinglywellmatchedcompetition.

10.8%ofthestudentswereadmittedtoacollegein1981,versus92.9%ofthatin2021._________化学耕作与有机耕作(的比较)_________________________________________________EvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarmingP.55自二十世纪中叶以来，各种化学农药和人工肥料在农耕中广泛使用。pesticideC&U

杀虫剂、农药

fertilizer

C&U

肥料pest

C

害虫-(i)cide杀；杀害者：suicide

自杀insecticide

杀虫药

herbicide

除草剂_____________________________________________________________________________EvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarmingP.55刚开始引入时，很多农民都欢迎农药和化肥，把它们看作是防治作物病害和提高产量的极好的办法。_________________________________________________________________________________

然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现(的情况是)长期使用它们有时既伤害土地又伤害人的健康。____________________________________________________________________________________EvaluatechemicalfarmingandorganicfarmingP.55例如，农药不仅杀死了有害的细菌和昆虫，也杀死了有益的细菌和昆虫，这可能对土地有害。___________________________________________________________________________此外，这些化学物质会留在土壤和地下水中很长时间。_________________________________________________________

这会影响土地上种植的作物，进而(影响到)消化这些作物的动物和人类。____________________________________________________________

很多人担心这些化学物质或许是他们生病甚至致癌。______________________________________________________

事实上，像DDT这样的农药因为它们对人和环境造成伤害而被大多数国家禁止。_________________________________________________________________________________________P.55as

for

prep.

(引出一个与前面的话题有所不同但又相关的新话题)至于、就……而言e.g.Thecityhassomewonderfulmuseums.Asforhotels,‘CocoReef’isagreatchoice.

(前一话题是museums，hotels是新话题，但两个话题都是关于同一话题thecity的)

Justhavingyousithereisagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit.(前一话题是honour，thebill是新话题，但两个话题都是关于havingyousithere的)（课文中，前一话题是pesticides，chemicalfertilisers是新话题，共同话题是farming）_____________________________________________________________________

至于化肥，用化肥种植的农作物通常长得过快而营养不丰富。____________________________________________________________________________也许它们外表看上去美观，但里面通常水分比必要的矿物质多，且常常也不那么有味。________________________flavour

C

(饮品、食品等物本身所具有的)味道U

(好)味道e.g.Thecheesehasastrongflavour.

(这种奶酪味道浓郁。)

Herbswilladdflavourtoanyfish.(香草可以给任何菜肴提味。)taste

C&U(舌头和嘴品尝饮食时体验到的)味道

e.g.Noteverybodylikesthetasteofthemeat.Helikesthetasteofwineandenjoystryingdifferentkinds.P.55alternativeC

可供选择的事物、替代品IfAisanalternative

toB,thenwecanuseAinsteadofB.e.g.Wehavenoalternativebuttoreporthimtothepolice.

Isthereanalternative

tothepresentsystem?Organicfarmingisanalternative

tochemicalfarming._______有的农民把有机耕作作为一种替代方式而转而进行有机耕作，许多顾客在当地食品杂货店购物时已经转而购买邮寄食物。(switchto/turnto改用，切换到，转向)____________________________________________________________________________________________________P.55有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的耕作。________________________________________

有机耕作的农户专注于通过自然手段来保持土壤肥沃且无病害。___________________________________________________________

例如，许多有机耕作的农民用动物的粪便作肥料。____________________________________________________

这样做使得他们的田地里的土壤更加富含矿物质。_______________________________

这样做还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物没有化学物质。______________________________________P.55有机耕作的农民还用许多别的方法来制作出肥沃的土壤。_______________________________________