高中英语语法专题复习-省略句

Ellipsis在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：

Begyoupardon.

Soundslikeagoodidea.

（I

）Begyoupardon.

(It)

Soundslikeagoodidea..定义一简单句中的省略

1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略

Doesn’tmatter.

(

It)doesn’tmatter.

(

It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：

（省略主语和谓语）

What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?

Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略表语。

–Areyouthirsty?–

Yes,Iam.

Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同时省略几个成分

Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同时省略主、谓语

–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?

–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.

Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.（省略相同的谓语动词）1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的谓语动词二并列句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：

Sorrytohearyouareill.

Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三复合句中的省略

－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?

－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.

－Tommustbefreetoday.

－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替

－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?

－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose

/believe

/hopenot.Whynot?等等。

Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。

Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)3.定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。

Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which)

Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和though,although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。

Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.

Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.he

Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewas

Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heis

Unlessinvited,hewon’tcome.

Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.he

Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis

Whiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。

–Areyougoingthere?–

Yes,I’dliketo.

Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.(gothere).(givemethechance).四不定式中的省略在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留‘to’:wantwishlikehatehopeintendplanloverefuseexpectAttention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。

InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.

Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.to

X

这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时，常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。

WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.Were

HadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Had

Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虚拟条件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.

Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：

Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)

Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)

It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)PracticeExercisesaboutEllipsis.Discoveringusefulstructures3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P37

2.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)

(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1)

Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.

Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.

P374.

2)

ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.

Thefirstbook

(that)

Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond

(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.

Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan

(shewas)

expected

(todo).

4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.

Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave

(returnedfromthehospital).

5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.

Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t

(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).

6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.

Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto

(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).I.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A.

don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5)----Won’tyouhaveanothertry?----________.A.Yes,IwillhaveB.Yes,Iwon’thaveC.Yes,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill

7)----Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?----______?A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’tso8)----Haveyoufedthecat?----No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingtoII.单项选择1.---Iwon’tdoitanymore.----_______?A.Whydon’tB.Whydon’tdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although____tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.---Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?----Certainly_______.A.InotB.don’tC.notD.no√√√4.----Marydidn’tattendthelecture,didshe?----Yes,she_______.A.attendedB.didn’tattendC.didn’tD.did5.---What’sJohndoing?---_______newspapersintheroom.A.ShereadingB.ShereadsC.ToreadD.Reading6._______alwayssucceed.A.Honestandcleverstudents B.StudentswhohonestandcleverC.Honeststudentsandclever D.Studentsarehonestandclever√√√7.---Canyouclimbthattree,myboy?---_______?A.I B.Myself C.Mine D.Me8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_______supportit.A.anymore B.manymore C.muchmore D.nomore9.---I’llbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?---Notatall.________.A.I’venotime B.I’drathernot C.I’dliketoD.I’dbehappyto√√√10.---Whynotgoandhaveadinnerinarestaurant?---________.It’stooexpensive.A.Whynot B.Iagree C.I’mafraidnot D.I’msure11.____Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.If B.Unless C.Had D.When12.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---_____herbicycle.Asshelost B.LostC.Becauseoflosing D.Losing√√√II.下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedto.2.WhenIintrouble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.3. Tompick