振冲碎石桩处理软土地基

振冲碎石桩处理软土地基导言碎石桩法是用振动水冲法在软土中挤入碎石形成密实桩体,从而提高软土的承载力。振动水冲法是软土加固中主要处理方法之一，利用Plaxis软件对振冲法进行数值模拟分析，以确定处理后复合地基的承载能力。通过数字模拟莫尔库仑，改善土壤的性质是首要被考虑的。从数值模拟的结果中可以得到软土弹性系数的改善程度是可以估算的。此外，复合地基的影响范围也是可以估算的。关键词：巩固；复合地基；弹性模量；改进；数字模拟；软粘土；碎石桩；振冲法喂1盛、饥绪攻论孩碎扎石查桩幕改没善爆后芝的留软效土身提摄高贱程便度雀取丹决备于远两秆个量因埋素橡：贡一衰、独软赢土葛中水碎劣石扶桩径部除分樱是心由庆比链较纲坚圆硬辽的剪材洒料垫（奥碎裂石撤、左砾太石径等丘）竭组恭成做。怪这敏些俱主木要明在林[刊1薪-车6前]捐的茶文驾章扰中赚报怨导跪过辈。鞠二薯、管在棍振贸冲许法篮形捐成额碎都石稿桩锋的统过符程容中智对替桩跨体载周斗围桌的补土恐体升不类断爪挤座密喇压罗实遭，料使繁桩兴体涉周浙围呈土前体次本逐身宅强目度瞒提胸高唐，凡最贺终盐以扶提吵高辉复再合盐地皇基击的拴强席度批。故W僻a穴t舍t心e逆s眠[走7薪]败和页V箩a嘉u晕t意r拼a可i扛n片裹[暂8香]矩等屿人飞实搏验腹证度明献，稻振院冲厨而挨成年的朴碎轧石仁桩伯复如合瓣地绘基练改待善分了售原芳来闪软推土烘的织一威些倾性杆质址，钓从桂而升提虫高站了私加阀固任土拳壤畏的波排搬水迁性亡能弟。窃另置外洞，旋从免原虫位乒测卡试炮中补还宽可司以怜得验到盆，帮碎艘石竞桩麻体行周怜围倒土磁的掌固漂有余属晚性哥（荷弹热性已模像量扰，外不招排慢水煤固桂结愚系播数洞，躁等悟）击比奏处迅理裂前碰有李很户大繁的鉴提斤高却。受V输a街u线t拍r吓a瓜i勒n石[忙8鸣]甩提妙出纤了祖不粒排秒水醉抗蚀剪惹强狗度喊值卸的着规声范但标泼准蛙,亩A海l替-依K缴h度a张f睬a域j兔i洋股和鸽锻C暑r吊a铸i害g胡戏[祥9狡]患提宿出男了太桩淋体掠周添围信各艇土摊层洞的集强秘度碗测杯量向方祸法婶。泄A找l岗a欢m野g骑i铸r夸咬和材步Z从a台h慧e值r腿音[包1室0率]状略和另腐S烈a呈n屿g炸l以e亩r彼a父t眼盐[团1灶1炕]杜提填出殖自塔然王土变和善加经固学土鸟之排间妻的娱差虫异移，抚自要然若土险的修标浪准贯贯绒入费阻盐力伟在路碎予石娘桩要处贡理爹后德比顽之祥以答前惯有如着铁明伶显株提翅高历。悄天归然单地丰基惩的衰N斗值爽范慢围森在绸2法到文7眯之河间李，愉而萝经役碎冒石惹桩缩加缸固卫后于的烤地舟基法可团以湿提辛高版到充5呀乐到合1动2戒左说右壮。厘w鱼a央t幅t时e沿s牵等财人肯[救很7网绒]抛测甲得谋，足碎施石芦桩物处程理亮的仗复扎合格地万基筒承迹载蝴力弹有裹着码显谢著猴提营高蒜，爽桩盗体恰周劳围子单膨位蜡面两积鹊内碑平往均爆提斑高为了稳3匀倍除左狗右亏。传碎困石椒桩恰处棒理疾砂咱土杜地卵基腐也罗有叉着漂显坝著属的短效危果捐。棒十颈字等剪陪切枪试锋验扩表厨明茫，于碎安石屯桩赖处晚理想软绿土静地堂基胆的缠前奴后夕，散地辈基虑土损的袍物臂理后力某学款性呆质踩有模着何类我似替的巧提槽高宋。按从廉试递验体结元果鉴可盆得友，勺碎头石朗桩牺处方理权地缸基片的弓效壶果粗以没桩鸟体捎为域中半心但呈批放粱射使状章，鄙随碗距捐桩纽体绘轴手心哨的勾距悲离刮增构加楚面堪减骆弱隙。手术滑语龄符汗号蛛临津嚷弹求性倾模威量堆系会数惩目帮谱汪沸称辨有痛效洒平肯均按压酱力促特欺访狐骑签秆塘璃偏辫应秧力迈,纽应报力油差集叨撕费恳概锁灿岸有瓜效尤径左向葛应嘱力裁尾观戏见粪除恳塌有滚效乘垂姐直糠应姻力顾汁葬使换你凉希规亭浙僵径悉向巧应叫变同威虫形梨总累容驻重臭稀配幸征季湾锋饶冬扬情纳断授排矿水待固炭结排系科数子环甚算韵急怜趟盏箩载呆内刊摩碎擦莫角鱼按盾负迟习丛册抬菜脊松栽匠渗爪透民系婶数治削式青勇愧野头露著倒养旧静森止罪土漂压嘉力搜系播数板如踢图夕1队承所惠示透，考z逐和渣H世c爸分绳别弯表负示洋深线度木（正距崖水煮平间地耀面报的岭高橡度口）哄和其桩输的衔长怕度乒，腰碎核石盗桩肝处钢理英范粗围示内欣距埋桩勉体摸中暴心红（路处悬理品范泰围闻内脾某桑点鹊到蜡桩萄心辛的误距弹离类）继处俭土似的矿物颗理构性膛质饰随嗓的卫变爆化诵而腰不股同脏。巡处基理食后嘉的蛇软洞土则平善均贝强打度柜提复高搞了雕1笔.汽5咬到罩5脑倍茧左乞右葡,防改忠善碑的境效泳果蒜主纳要晃取逗决延于杂土犁壤溜的劲类匪型巨.症不乓采再取胜这骡种宫改辛进纤到蜂可帽能章导拌致致中达，风在结相奋应训的耀设灭计谱方垄法萌，忘高松估辨了钻所值需爽数康量棒的些柱租材目料也。域虽夕然尚改毁善尽软经土锐的但特主性迈是料由荷野异外惹数鉴据革确堆定悦，产但司从浮实愉验师室献中尊的商测笛试广结成果誉也跪可颠推冲出范结就果练。暑事雅实润上乱，文大亏量炮的承实防验剩室奇测茄试圈结睬果掠证苍明格:秀例非如胖B挡i吸a桑r瑞e黄z蒙等伯人脏艳[强狐1宣3尼档]拆的刮体催侧堪限知压与缩顷和桃三久轴胆试逗验泄，愚证盲明派其政增焦加匪的暖杨漂氏之模纠量延作穿为井一诞个小函跟数个的远固拣结腐应着力格。免阿坟尔谅梅炊达腔等扭人拼[栋彻1愤2京崭]冷和希沈胆等都人斗[累冒1编4兆殊]配在盈岩企土军文芳学暑曾化说饮过奋:壁土纠壤先改袖良币效己果鄙并状没转有硬引闯起崖广惜泛包的安研牺究更。剧其乌中峡一请个榴原塘因着可漆能住是掏，言无市论捏是更何效种镜数样值重方滚法腥，鬼也次无般法恨存版准狐确晚计叠算洒出肆振时冲垫法究改蛛善匹软掩土别特裹征界后叉的反土杀壤护性凉能治。递不率过复，仪格时林晌伍雨德席[滩贝1虚5毫竟]较根京据跨经棵验它提峡出幸了著振惨冲纷法猎成馅碎孝石汤桩愤的恒一晴种津设锤计典估言算遵方棚法桂。肿本泡文悠主元要验描岔述调了金振暗冲层法开形眉成疫碎皆石荣桩雄后安土盟壤融弹姓性捷模添量富的歇变小化倦。供为义此顺，雕在夕振假冲愚过虾程渴中练于火碎辟石土桩越体陕上敏按惰置宾模猴拟贵器擦,规利室用惹数吼值拾模刺拟仰分绵析抗软寒土裁的膀弹描性见模令量冬的银变稼化隙。尤利律用棍这颤个盏方赴法拣进环一础步指推僻出堵振益冲精法张设沿计议时柴的菜桩融体振改粱善懒效倒果陕的倍计斩算拍方叮法也。华首喉先雨，盼改怖善沃软悉土烟性侦质熊的诚处撇理击方淘法割是役振饲冲况法工形幼成辽碎佣石将桩陈。抽接赵下辈来勉，阅改察善肤后盗土报体浸弹讲性赔模趟量什的扯估阻算迷。抗随鹊后麦，状模微拟奇土握壤朴性本质绝提痒高心的努情陷形贤。贼得沉出怨结爹论础，别取督得材了岂一梦定蛛的泻成疫效遵。前2疗角.终加俱固怀原灶理控由素各炒种狐实乎验筐证厅明坝,食由饲于疏成钞桩完过领程养中冰桩所对辅周胞围禁土冈层筐产略生仆很生大饮的套横章向描挤渐压轰力婆,售通驼过朵成丙桩柜机霸械辆将能不饲良拿的娱地揭基抵土李强脂制旱排喘开裙并匀置窑换跌，探在挎地鹊基症中率形鱼成最具钥有该密遍实充度仿高众和售直磁径糊大拌的丰桩细体胡，忍桩既径昨向恳扩垄张落在虹地术基甲中传是阀一算个狮良榨好挠的贤排邪水郊通国道组，乔大懒大翠缩闪短态了台孔汁隙圈水袭的者水蝴平钓渗邀透身途笛径朴，掌增嚼加冈了甩有艇效槽应削力罗。缩由堡W篇a舟t牙t浩e观s柿等毛人舞[缝桑7屑倍]杏记欺录抄尸。笛实恼际迟上撒碎壮石乳桩章的周安印置哈，宏形牢成旷了乡碎久石冲桩谈和懂软边土航共夏同渐作高用弹的理复井合购地久基摄，璃改网变躲了遍桩恩体瞎周蛮围斧软洒土惑的业剪敞切健模郊量愧等赤性做质撑，条V探a养u洁t肤r诸a尺i倚n展钓[掉界8篇咸]炸夕。种此者外胞，个B农i证a副r雪e她z具敬[堆1戒3宗]士挎和乒缴L馋o恼n榆g炊哑[剂1肆6量]员等美人田由减室此内搞土畏工尊实策验富得烫到歇之馒间包的花关股系辣。幕例劝如静：怖突弊尼腥斯堪工扶科汇学拢校万对遍突忍尼份斯似软稠粘巩土京进锹行禾三夸轴址试窜验套，健观板察解应巡力知状失态当和扁刚悬度唯模席量绝的盗变酿化旅关革系肌。碌如味图桶2甘所荒示岁（麻作槐为盯初习始里边煮坡瓜的羞应竿力徐应羞变苗曲艳线卧）熔，帅T柿o尸u龙n评e栋k意t历i场等尘人病[梯妄1朝7唱耐]辰霉排溪水极三劣轴指试误验伏证倘明三刚会度洪模础量禁随劝着弃有团效贤围烘压击的华巩妨固河而乌增颜加口。狸图杨3四.桌清娘楚系地贫说晕明智了福软罪粘稻土胃中乡压御力坦和授固螺结盛系物数范的赔关乖系挎。赴江和证分拳别储表劳示宅固锋结躁系深数欣尾和忧巩匠固颜压往力远。斑角腰标妇“姨r走e歉t转”践表病示姨根河据起哪静国砍标勺准洽得迫来减。剖如浮图殊3图聋，穴增经加多体性侧牧限倘压踪缩还模变量肠作亩为喇一策个誉功堡能各的阔固聪结来应灯力膊可评近时似杂地件装液上酸，男在侦各咏种烛小骨变绘形晨，头有供良服好款的诉线手性腊回咳归辅。等根叮据徐这逮些胡实舰验讨观才察阻推叶断箩，炕要违提锁高耕土刘壤诸刚涨度辜模衔量甩，只在固其详中振间典相赵互这依焰赖财的抽刚辽度直模待量氏和盗应述力沸状挽态区，句是柄由痒以屡下燃公条式砖计筒算谅[桌昼1易3端傅]纪禁：鼻水肝昂虽劈巷凝验富细叹道边裁悼为网奥抱折绵（誓1第）姨公顽式秘（笛1发）业中村E险苦(订E弱0关)些析和册冤(陈)殊分压别皮表女示傻弹荐性渠模巷量厅和证有列效慰平放均叔压宜力钓。锦土啦壤定中雹=扮召(愤+锣+蒸/邻3哑)谦见，蒙指亿数头m拐代掌表衣正祖常括弹燕性伶模避量炭有辣效苍应慕力皮均怜值晒的炮关亮系抗。扰对态砂戏和糟泥犯沙握不绢同勇的繁参屿量驼m芳的念范我围戒0吧.贪5魔罪<瘦m索<用勾1倚幕。现对催于饼一持般编粘衫土嫁和石砂建，对用扮代味替眯杨紫氏办模蚂量巨作打为奉参晕考厕值吩[对参1院8身女]玻，唇从剖应择力耕应盈变梦曲遥线温可乓得速，为从砖三冈轴捉测桨试佳割疾线黑模烘量已各规对美应芦于届偏笋应多力姥的驰一假半弱。不对塞于锡一翠般拳粘计土钞，搞p伐l贤a锋x的i丈s作用钩户膊手散册煌指枯明慌，兰建荷议合m满取径1丽。票此筋时该，符由公公副式抚（华1登）穿可备得稀刚省度们模远量粒和念有傅效蔽平梯均续压鼻力否之水间腾是蚊线誉性膏关滑系跨。挖因条此谋，台在团软检粘虑土冠加众固衔中布的堪杨忙氏脖模膛量谁可俗以咐从插有漆效枯平笔均杂应而力肾分属布狡中女得伶出抓结详果灶。洽在肤此意基怠础关上吵推怕导幅，较模供拟面在累软聪粘屯土捏中监安亮置倍振再冲担碎璃石琴桩土，水是膜用茄一键种权复痕合截地赤基谨。诚届世时评，淹振妄冲洁碎季石担桩好加摔固疯地悬基趋的谢有舍效云平饥均核压温力笨就颜可叔以京推普算权出业来禾。背数挣值伤分爬析踪的炕是普用装计甜算都机闯软在件虹p色l啦a摘x抢i版s起惰[诚拿1扛8段话]类如叫碎翅石穿桩满装食置利是需模罢拟涂作臭为声扩约大免桩批间纸的语软奏粘办土浇。跌拟慨议冤的痒分最析溜是遥土晃壤淘的顿改老善去。肺土桥壤严中值，此一侍方吗面桨，笨桩裹体抹强属度垮比略较扛大伴，朵另株一亡方惜面兴，锤在下振谜冲堂过馅程蔽中公桩此间薯土肆也颗得促以书改膏善拉。别3才．受复奋合猴地臂基炕复削合泉地饼基把已碍被斧许岩多缝研士究能人吵员棋研罩究沿：蓄可搅增困加苍承您载汤力唱，如减贿少蓝沉肺降贿和燕土害体示固潜结灶[艺固4恐,胞5女,专1貌9品,倍2举0导各]差侄。刮在砌本骨研夹究哗中扣，折N萍a李m糖a凝a疯工恰程朱和妻S寸.粱A头.壮E妇协健会岂[厕意2蠢1乱刮]指在性研建究黄调交查场碎郊石恰桩震工蹄程骆资合料早。炭土料壤勉剖弊面炕是子一疗层词1稳2日.稼2简5尚米烟厚揪软叠粘房土咸，雪一烟层彻1辆2或.淹7滚5受米济厚焦沙带层犹。手数楼据糠在炮[编饰2孔1绪国]聋显群示桨较同高宿的向力原学绝特宴性坝，糠砂却层么超降出伍了陪软林粘长土捕。捷因颈此笛，米假豪定厉土厦壤共剖虹面模是纸为瞧刚煌性竞地显层芒（锐见慢图水4彼驴）桐光。曾在悉软杰粘岔土污，捕初泻步旁定阵振区动叹压把实享碎赔石凑桩浇直逝径疑1慧.搅1尾米含。孙则死原佩土遇壤剃和依加渣固返桩义体凡以尤及肆砂他石含的村性广质贴见佩表洞1已。梅为槐构受柱祝材姿料厕的哲便中捷生选匪取垂就偷是彻处赚理攀后盐级忘配屑砾缩石嫩证悦明触其腹低竖排煮排蔑水吃固努结顽和宰可保靠纺的种摩班擦设系安数略。悄B临r星i担n秒k伏g群r咽e蜓v趋e连逝和遗能V擦e掘r支m恶e像e方r仔约[燥储1痰8首吨]显建嫂议姿，瓦软自粘振土季内嘱摩烫擦逢角潮通旱常葵取慧零骆。篮D辟a摩m妇i令e静t薪t任e义的党设明计婶就且是借如共图礼4沟所痕模漏拟骗的仅土葛壤陷剖寿面期（廉参格见踏图登4什产）呀筑。肌边番界矛条箩件充是佣固汗结拘试腹验君来晚决佳定奇。佛振客冲秩法骂形个成录复不合蛋地麻基跑中无桩酱体命和国周甩围初土勾壤纺的妖边够界汉假码定伤为粘理栗想诊的乔（颜全铃部散粘热结梯）务。乒这吩就描意岗味溪着肾剪贴切蹄应歌力饼在壁柱摊和弯土蚁的诚接网触豪面谁上暗。熊复轮合灰地创基旷中米p坐l吸a茧x识i蹄s冬软葵件后是京用穗来柔进轨行改轴坦对亏称短数伟值孙计膀算廉改闲良份土条壤辩中禽1现5你个灵节徐点史三惧角棕形译有寸限和元推素刘。遍从能数阔值赢结导果挤，打我加们肆着杜眼夕于寇桩匪体织的毁有踏效穿影兴响症范焰围脏和夹初涛步鼻改插善呢后窜的火土恳体燥变洗化若。密预的测逗结由果舅是玻在削软遗粘它土造层稼（摩参字见世图霜4赚虚赔线栋）沈在浑距雪离毒轴怒心线0婚.笼6降米袍，呀肌1斜.筑5阶米妈和艇2娃.昌4萌米性。牵图电5牺重妇振掠冲财碎永石孙桩孟复司合肢地载基说的酬模锅拟以：婚（烧一外）廉模扬拟总改迷良刺土仿;度柳（基二绳）芬模优拟辆桩丹体排扩和张掠;蚂满（甩三誓）灶改悲良在土历离蔑散惭性荣。欺在蹦软弯土粘中霉桩埋体哀的份横掀向俘影炒响眠占叼4得5紧%思，缎虑弱到惨采洲用眠'彩'擦有登限寨元帅网医格长'倍'剥所熊规遇定宋的贷选女择型p奥l梁a存x限i劈s可软优件盟（扮参逆见姻图岛5螺钓C兵）裕。刘为围了闪分掌析艰在枝软钢土失中霸安钞置杏碎裙石侧桩俯的芝加效固躁效核果强，写D饼e膀b植a辆t疫s怪等并人姓[后丽2类2鼓饶]拢对衬其话数达值尸模专拟扇分摆析烦。畅它寄包裁括球3沉个券阶踏段售：独软蚀粘抗土搜中延桩致体诸不歼排锐水荣固三结雨，章砂国石来的上挤施密案压天实央和呼1胜1包个正月蛾的娘复类合拼地赛基拨土雷壤关的揪提粱高套。堪对蓬改水良糕后城土俊壤贷可闻用扩p馆l毫a拘x锯i奸s银软巾件休的校各脸种躬方汇法冷对甲基锋进至行见模杀拟章分苹析壶。凑事轧实以上歼，持桩偶径炮超艇出铃这税个避值敌，所它吊已接表筝示统，透桩桑体悦已挤经模不疏影僵响焰土约壤恭改班良喉。氏改青良咽后页土律壤蜂中诞的划桩挤体筒和鱼周袍围啊土鬼体都都核可精以峡进宽行侦数熊值另计咬算折：驼是驻微秆索趴为午侧撤向混土根压源力金系题数峰。泼4补、割结画果漠和咸建通议丝振紧冲派碎略石来桩裹改遇良萍地敢基康土泥分晒两跳步逗进竹行馋：冲。违一盈是遵桩丝体岭对方土诱体诊的膝改伍良器。委二蜻是洞原桑土门壤尺改蜂变太后偏土唉的鞠改哀变概。徐桩途体株对鱼周督围僵土捕挤级压铺产础生苏的扰偏趋应甜力躁q般表利明驴桩声对挥周宾围抹土采体担产蜓生临的割影休响忠范脑围趋，挎可博以鹿计焰算咏出球最帽大特径宅向贿应准变据（妙见肆图界6哈，塑阶水段肿1虏）使。孟这汪个鸭结柄果蹈和位假访定品的年结争果窝不秒是塑一田致黄的呜，造而止周么围铃的掏软烟土痕仍你停搂留和在真弹攀性蔬阶蹦段直[好扩2读3闻,柿3瞧挺]京菌。啦图坐6垫已诱清缎楚沿显叫示跳当椒距辛离钓桩轿心示轴鸟线和越多远妙（并从蜻0筛.盛6蕉m励至撤2双.抗4队m转）尽，砍偏稿应妻力救越丝小右，碌加慕固涉效米果智越尺弱鸭。欧柄桩通在凡形膊成揉过彻程粪中努，振靠樱近危桩符体敬周夺围呼效如果少最抓明尖显胃（权r族=化0圆.翻6暖m衰，万参敌见宿图暖6霞）宜，猜以侄桩纯心低轴告线冻向怎外屑呈烈射爽线服状际辐辽射趟。盾因愿此身，漂横掉向爪压也缩灭（普围缴压犹）关凤，敢是侵与滤周妥围或土星有阔关彩的疲。这但砌是薪，滔有池基秋本级上盏不五变蛾（庆参舞见狗图胆7狱、开阶批段歪2旷）药，广而栗在欲土芽壤庆固绣结后过景程余中怜有决效忧平睡均意应姐力期才镇开煎始叙增住加剃（裤参捆见籍图沸7芦，绍阶调段副3染谋）浸。聪5蛇笨、歌桩浆体遍的铁影唉响映效监果搅由久于择碎摧石匪桩负形迷成勉过痕程杯中污在阀原查软甩土舞中峡置云入镰一素个昆石慈桩伙，怖是恩黏参土蛇中两一撒个姑良屋好闪的蜓排妻水贯通赠道叔。角桩宏体欠对慕周报围厦土倚体叨进甘行脚挤纺压宫产危生棵超担孔艰隙候压消力疗，惭其鸣随晌着买径值向禾距寇离诊增些大录而乱减听小喜（脊见犯图邻8矿）居。江当乞径冲向境应搅力级增留加拌使抱垂票直鸽应滚力差减户小致（约大积约挥2宫0桨%眨）立时李，僻而洁有蓬效删平咐均疾压碑力督基胖本抗上瞒不预变员（哪见帖图短7劣，慌阶代段安1霜）佣。锦例弃如炼数缺值泡预盾报潜，董欠耕联迫大榆当兵天宵通饮过桂的顷莫省尔定库饼仑掀的霞行棍为销，桃仍驰是秩值矛得宜商拐榷阴的编，膝特牲别舰是锁减挡少倍了粪垂忆直金应姨力复在与软颈粘佣土南。外图思9报显厚示内变漏异迁的贵归毁一基径鸽向帆，垮纵砌向筹和闻平条均栽有列效地压铲力婚，谎在锋中程厚食度国的谊软价粘睬土哄层剃。康瓶振旧冲士成演桩殊后越土瞧体代的级有贪效绘平呜均织压枪力沸基乌本笼没牧有虾改完变壤（饥见壮图咽9血）尺，帽而箩垂旷直捷应肚力听减默小框使葬径暗向熄应还力凉增乏大姑，扣切策应端力豆或融多零或驳少忘的蔑有裙些尖变衔化剑。抹如居图醉1滴0亦所束示筛，怪桩技形飞成押约喇1块1局个烤月营后颜，绒有独效妈平喇均奉压阁缩机应诞力卖进穷行值重事新栋分袭配翅（今阶如段矮2孟和栽3誉比景较肉明吵显声）经，松大末部润分现荷份载鼻由徒桩使承穿担毫，堤桩野体她应嫂力帝和裕桩镜间股土幻应疼力拳之果比乳约茶为恨3厘~捡4拔。丧复闪合县地慰基追的蚀弹侍性涛模你量坦也堵随捧之辩增兰加斗。餐处保理盖后妻的干地舅基助沉滥降庙减孝小脖。牵6诉、唤周妖围芽土昌体提的拨改街善妨效谣果奉在暑第陕二掉部肢分式中柱曾成提气到脚过鼻，担在框地轻基也上如振直冲认碎拥石等桩浩后晶，酷复景合忙地低基陪中技桩页体吃周脂围柿存联在脉着途超湖孔底隙嫁水暑压搅力蹦导灭致茫的硬一店些当结拦果睛（链见烂图眠1卷2察）授。侨D慢a爱m释i辱e决t触t草e找的选调饼查抵研厘究缝方述案释中猪，膏在柱安皂置顺桩区体盗后神大候约董有挡1顽1宰个转月疲（当森3来3诚5艘天润）耳的寒巩财固手期拜。汁这守一茅时己间嗽段超比封预战想蛾的歼时神间斜要蜘长敞，谨也间比聪固线结绍时疑间察长表，域有缓助枕于肤提预高葬软宏粘钻土朵强与度穗特肃性艇。资为羡消振除戒那跪些顺过唉剩朗的拐孔翻隙考水舰压丛力清，撑桩痕体丸的估有支效嘉影锹响粪半伪径桃平协均羞这歉有右效宪应结力恼6强0垦%鼠（益图苏1堆3挡）菊，踏有摸效坚半狡径亡在赚5奖m者范梨围凯内岁的馆实语验温结慰果略，没D办e岗b浙a振t胡s栋等福人焰实小验从[至宗2柄2纷稠]淹。帽处蓬理锣后留软式土扭的愤正棋压走力兔，炮纵按向狗平祖均腾压著力陆与汇半宫径盏r污之竿间傅的痕函暖数脏关医系骑由君图洲1宁3痰给虑出巩。们数欲值悦计夕算狗结晕果街表愤明击，龟桩讲的葡影研响县半锈径持（醋从给桩约轴咱心碎到痰影校响觉点畜距独）猴大烫约俱是应桩窄径售的劫6塌倍裂。爽在朽这利个读有淡效欠影六响周范单围迎内迹有此效书平话均歌应傲力越平秘均脾增邀长罩3承0厦%希（认见斩图雹1腰3胡）陶。迁超届出左这抱个略区胀域柴的盛有求效荡平耻均偏应背力植是仍几揉乎可不僚变舞。滥W磁a处t腾t浴e旬s茫等大人散[嫂体7网丧]米类初似帖的狮实无验鹊说秆明盟:批假沃定弊显哥着至增冬加拢应玉力怠测劲量激在止距阔离皆相阴当迹于腐5甩倍闯柱旧的伶半剩径螺。乔从仆图偿1惩3惠屡，晃它号也火可黎以谋得物出丝结债论猴认悼为昆，剃增近加根有游效怪平寻均巴应与力电，进主出要穴是截由若于翁增真加浅的津径怖向腰应胡力嫂。择吐由劣压剂力芹传鼠感哄器这可脚得父，好随用着泊距微离备桩饱体菠轴胡心氧距岛离桨的负增淘加报，带其兴影凉响窝效盲果矿在督减横小巷。滴初丢步磨加严固必之烘后谁，疗处笛理斧后摊复若合帖地庭基肝的届土黑比锡原闷软窜土谨的厨有哈效圾平供均须压照力怒有寄明耀显议的滨增洪长查（管图优1筝4阳都）旋。带其交实录是浸由雾于虑杨影氏示模阳量殊实夜提茶高搁了哗很叠多感。葵7柱船.错缸结间束滩语算安样装澡碎浊石炮桩兴在做软哈粘序土家采丈用烤数赖值跃模遇拟慢分牧析怨，蛋固纵有虹的齐数塑值答可秤以谱使调用课p扭l蒜a驰x豪i项s夜软狠件梯计肯算置。芬模誉拟旧显寺示赴，晌软纷粘聋土充性象的街显卡著哲改瞎善脾，浓受返到挂振闲冲直碎泽石弹桩他安量置唤的盘影低响现。顷M凶o帮h借r子翠C战o真u嫂l渠o借m衣b因对云这爽主绪面厚有蛮着荷重鸦大吵的逼贡赵献增，奉其垂主释要梳结贴论稳如赖下孔：币1横，富短飞期踏内胞，骄振般冲烤碎羞石生桩涛形绵成碑过拒程钳中岗，纵超渣高旦孔泽隙虽压蔬力粗，挽使扁周鼻围辈的剃软黑粘源土泥排狱水犁固曲结越，竞有位效晨平段均生应来力办增肉大摸约敏4悼倍腾左外右督。话2杆，福之伟后告的抵1蒸1樱个疗月姨，冈碎久石饲桩宰安千装就其莲间戏软辽粘此土约的躺固努结画预考测控如盐下王：筋语-东奏膝超织孔困隙延水榆压绵力庙所铺造山成绞的屡有除效践径扔向挺应赠力脉增柔加粱导殿致希有协效息平低均巴应桌力型显露着滥增垒加逗。义-漠痒娱有啊效用的费垂木直捐应验力写几禾乎稀不转变些，饲其依系烦数超随置着喜侧郑向鞋土克压师力羽变坏化桂。债柱-部料韵从叔这朋种终初俊步没的赶土皮壤们改伴良没的搞距引离居相村当权于轧6恰倍份柱赶半株径承，茶改刃善傍后歉的梨软恭土朋杨丹氏俩模轻量紧可矛以比通夏过燕加剂固择土路来倍估滥算锋，览肢G婆u午e芝t辉i拾f恩匪等算人旱[绿箩2蜜4昂粪]曾似。军漆-炮市脑桩肤体驻的孤影川响条半镇径极和齐桩剪间孔距铅有昂着窝很者大裂的移关丹系现，受还飞要牧考膜虑饥其怕群批桩认效险应术。搏-榴竟窃M祥o繁h约r椅逐C慌o冷u溪l哥o沙m蹦b祖说民这银些捆结疯果景的距预围测愿都僚通踩过亿实习验厉试闻试皆验常的僚。筐3耽美.蚂零在菜设栗计匆振区冲氧碎锈石涝桩邻形播成夺复笼合鸡地事的编过井程四中罚，接就浩考惹虑纺改忽善给软府粘询土塌杨抬氏羊模乳量怀。王因筛此沉减膀小胳沉届降支的非设县计讯相叫对岛于偷以摄前卸只昨是别改穗变体原筛土闪壤眠的枕特堤性跑更者为丸重巩要欣。及现疮在翁只担是赏安朗置先碎成石穿桩责体览后械形降成修复这合嘉地池基休以伙改文善虎软矿土忍的倘特属性射，别提翠高讲土趣体涨承陵载礼力朽。诊将挺来袭我颠们即可忽以里用亲更浇好发的雨材愁料处来燃安逗置朝到券土演壤概中勇，标以纯承箱载拨其宋上斥的计永废久悔荷灭载线。叉I减m急p粉r贞o塘v洲e勾d察繁s水o般f坏t国割c测l酒a春y箭潮c旺h胜a深r浴a横c提t桨e顶r馆i照s薄t哭i扎c苗s硬臂d类u羡e哥雁t六o炊事s欢t怖o虚n遗e仰确c棚o此l苍u许m企n守锈i盘n长s昨t猪a拳l配l标a忘t军i革o坡n暖Z决.童例G蚂u肢e衣t侄i腔f俩卸a尸,至陈M拿.葬棕B球o瘦u缴a素s放s扛i驶d刚a镰庄a肉,装*只,勿湖J枯.隐M惨.牙逆D殃e火b役a利t逗s吐摊b养a的乳G南e吃o渣t弄e哄c指h栏n穴i考c衰a相l符党E察n霉g昨i及n悄e顶e由r容i筒n勺g平奔R沾e诵s生e借a鹊r箭c遭h胶秧T乓e俱a爷m至,报予0鸣5翁/冬U华R送/叨1泊1竟-示0立6充,辉挡N千a嚼t秤i越o才n顷a票l剑惩E痕n坟g景i避n幅e巾e绣r女i恐n农g带斑S们c害h降o散o旧l菜宁o为f叠齿T归u颈n溜i驼s俯,湾座B婆P茄能3猴7茧没L姜e演啊B董e急l辈v薪e茫′伸d除e厕`政r倚e挖炎1惧0描0侧2苗狂T天u渔n竟i索s获,疤点T糟u车n荒i才s议i浇a亩剂b挣使T源h谦e药漏v诚i砌b据r匙o赴f望l蜜o盐t探a锻t快i运o罢n功叫G转r融o核u追p玉,砖刮1还4咱4轨5占殿C野h闭e划m愤i响n万蹄d桌e寄s衡臂L掘a童u喊v啦e库s忠,楚盯1死3腐1半0颂0狱竟A坡i咸x蔽尸e攻n扇梦P过r顽o着v状e熟n判c网e茧,兽亏F兴r镜a炭n抵c普e势R持e式c次e订i扑v描e爽d万撤1醉2刊膨J盗u惜l评y密盈2间0娱0必5弃;职猴r缸e雕c脱e宜i学v被e耳d售蝴i欧n核课r孟e蓄v留i滑s愿e螺d消害f载o傻r喇m引培2画0性麦S披e葬p赔t璃e让m冠b仁e掘r滚晃2接0悟0铁6闻;樱揉a晴c贯c浆e全p琴t造e茶d截论2量9和炮S被e胸p女t立e拉m痕b县e璃r吉径2半0以0犬6晚A纲v蝇a宵i鹿l笼a宾b亦l趋e韵牧o骗n酿l再i讨n卡e眉旷1嗓8委薯J渠a净n集u苦a邻r舞y液申2钱0储0查7刮A千b昨s预t摇r递a蝶c员t莫A兼赢m涉e爆t码h物o域d气掠i林s声辽p练r闹o质p蒙o疲s轧e补d铁麦f丹o机r喇五e番v栽a和l梳u且a辟t紫i逮n开g背保t拳h冻e漠汗i要m勤p粗r纽o馆v规e钉m倡e填n锦t匙键o城f饼晕t圣h钟e君角Y吴o姨u贞n塑g陕兼m影o姓d掏u王l杆u淋s矿蝴o盗f巩智s后o债f用t君未c执l狱a逐y须娃i梁n米晚w卸h猜i胁c倡h摊颗a桐被v障i膊b装r透o担c添o败m昨p戒a珍c宇t袭e纯d唉赤s据t触o包n趴e欲耕c直o恐l植u斤m下n绿毙i孝s孩享i锹n禽s母t插a渣l植l军e血d晒.医乒B惰y再剃c苍o唯n帐s垃i铁d朵e别r疏i河n棍g桑绵a铅锁c咬o雨m蚊p逢o分s盏i偿t鼻e叉摊c宫e初l末l虎拥m厌o斩d勺e或l忽编a钞讨n收u瑞m党e箱r旁i惕c达a爱l凭旧a乱n亭a嗽l刮y须s絮i省s颗帅i收s固闻c柱a插r址r看i乓e裳d附成o控u劝t三皂u薯s成i新n手g唐上P折l攻a末x谎i滑s蚕等s忧o岔f武t界w归a摧r钟e委企t赢o种三s判i屠m尚u谣l项a港t仙e史庸t悦h斯e仰撤v三i糟b掏r猪o菜c挪o身m址p握a蔽c饭t吗i恐o疯n肉史t露e脏c境h尺n霜i资q爆u滨e趣,敢欢w处h辜i索c纤h语砌l斗e紧a刊d盐s季蛙t滨o费霞a锻寄f秃o雄r导m贝守o楼f拆槐p抽r途i才m紧a方r秃y包选c叔o筒n好s聋o被l洪i滴d搁a娇t事i撞o拆n秋村o掀f赢歼t氏h伏e今困s院o摘f燃t沃鉴c东l炒a痛y朱.沫疮F菊o良r匠求t赠h自e喂怪n游u拴m逗e兰r强i氧c康a夜l友尊s惨i柳m斯u辉l棚a罚t勿i壮o楼n战撒M斯o赤h光r拴掌C敲o芳u翁l银o街m臂b盆腐p愉e止r气f篇e休c刚t或开p亦l反a诊s登t驴i舰c施绿b撤e量h迁a纱v斩i娘o贵u爹r击寸i绪s平诚c麦o照n月s忍i失d诚e劲r串e嚷d薯叉f葛o证r巷械t揪h胖e喊萍i陆m今p需r梢o长v筒e开d秃事s泛o稻i机l伞幼c现o翁n率s扔t易i永t拢u猴e毯n零t看s迅.圾和F裹r傍o慕m五在n裹u讽m麻e渡r称i矛c读a收l康有r丑e碑s歪u址l溜t朗s命怨t培h洽e鲜徐d段e敬g敢r纳e伟e蚂均o翼f冒欧i蛮m夏p念r叉o辨v勺e吼m谋e触n仁t谱者o栗f舱遗t齿h恩e配蜻Y穷o伶u摸n斜g表坏m银o屡d碍u鉴l怠u励s桑胡s兼o选f佣t珠很c财l陈a链y撑朋h涂a赛s跃秒b晕e争e犬n午相e调s貌t翻i担m摄a蔬t养e极d环.尺辆A冷l营s锯o友,叮花t器h往e唐凶z础o坊n告e肌换o返f盗趟i伐n蝇f捉l慌u敲e绕n哪c够e悠两o骡f吓尿t粮h不e妈绑i克m弄p拾r持o续v处e鸭d暗胁s严o怖f得t午丘c廉l谅a测y运兄h滩a愉s赚代b哑e疤e穗n石磨p弯r春e惩d桨i赞c戒t读e任d法.蚂袄K抛e耳y僵w惰o牙r绢d肚s肤:砌援C急o配n蹲s朴o辣l但i湖d缴a喉t穷i废o禁n剖;随章C最o李m猾p贩o略s写i侮t骄e从保c包e团l棵l营;素麻Y病o禽u免n冻g恳嘱m衔o蓬d含u废l详u床s释;础做I劫m永p臭r鸽o县v下e元m沃e爪n暂t伯;震瑞N暑u总m杆e沫r甲i圣c赢a莫l雷碰s典i疫m界u阔l肥a瓣t回i怀o艇n蠢;软新S娘o弓f冬t料登c爹l炊a迈y早;匹虾S妇t基o烫n饲e捎匪c旅o唇l扒u吉m棉n脊;脾腰V摸i涛b黄r并o竭c完o细m乌p咬a汗c徐t赞i烘o婚n琴1挎.连黎I胸n疯t竭r伪o钩d冈u誉c勒t环i敬o低nThedegreeofimprovementofasoftsoilbystonecolumnsisduetotwofactors.Thefirstoneisinclusionofastiffercolumnmaterial(suchascrushedstones,gravel,andsoalike...)inthesoftsoil.Thisislargelyreportedintheliterature[1–撤6灵]歉.珠幻T江h叨e喷魄s毙e回c盯o裳n电d茧航f赖a田c散t珠o勒r然廉i专s狼阀t箱h颜e势颜d袄e华n霞s耻i卷f辞i苦c券a傻t爆i金o炒n郊户o虽f榴手t出h群e武念s究u效r农r困o非u闯n返d颜i槽n问g鸦防s拦o涉f胶t休镇s访o畅i寨l员侨d定u随r漆i壮n占g快晒t冒h早e绍阀i究n阶s敞t当a津l顿l旱a肚t涛i位o泽n轨卧o损f百插t弯h狠e秃或v慌i桑b看r织o析c棕o撒m弦p浑a倚c扯t轿e贿d恼滤s惠t郑o陶n尝e革梯c葛o箩l感u缎m丛n船考i皇t蛮s折e掘l着f片书a论n缴d寻堡t个h父e漂月s壶u朴b佣s村e示q检u浆e监n毫t好瓣c所o滥n雾s冒o拿l先i量d臂a岩t格i尽o卖n摇愉p唤r顿o详c霸e泄s屑s指业o验c喷c或u昨r男r庭i奴n榆g治治i牙n顿罪t袖h厦e炉访s扭o捷f看t弓脚s侄o战i商l品桂b锐e保f久o吓r杜e夏作t素h涨e蜂惩f质i贵n骂a迫l纹栽l稀o逐a押d污i炕n酸g个眉o塞f内枪i呆m茫p孝r社o舱v壤e殊d旱盒s燃o裤i兴l奸.摸许T拘h欢e斯核e类x虏p薯e馋r探i瓦m穴e耽n单t盖a康l共平w敬o柿r视k嫂观p元e网r玉f山o猎r闲m店e促d途孟b款y锁悔W渐a验t雕t筋e喇s案局e建t押葛a队l晕.薯山[依7刺]答,徐倾a嚷n懒d撞荣V艳a刺u屿t桨r亚a议i虏n矮病[下8崖]清俊v定e殊r只i午f粥i灯e燕s贿颂t软h置a歌t闻钳t雕h纯e炕剩i秆n钞s妄t享a注l错l盛a吊t贿i完o贪n探横o缘f舞源v聪i赏b遮r开o锋c虎o贯m衰p镇a惕c车t枝e迎d移部s坐t拦o题n络e课炒c贩o朋l卫u巴m浴n浓s泄盯l索e务a碧d帐s景拆t健o挽猪a替n馒竹i桥m颈p喇r慈o婚v喂e光m梯e航n迎t丹绩o亦f桶免t宝h勉e惊捆i闲n翅投s偷i诱t僚u令北s蓝o丧f痰t鸭与s顶o粥i包l座幅c类h鹅a芬r惩a爆c威t劲e兼r愤i顷s盟t决i稼c览s取喜a财n干d教,底眠c屈o振n尤s僻e萄q生u真e副n监t送l捎y茫,的凝e申n码h洋a夏n谨c矛e吊s些朗t它h释e比糕l问o堂a愿d供展d仗i次s剑p腹l盐a昌c样e钓m屈e暑n守t夕辨r下e翻s带p贸o哄n旨s版e昌骨o葱f膀咸t鸭h拖e库荣r上e适i逼n浓f眉o柄r季c线e烈d傅唱s僻o佣i恩l箩.弃地I野n劣纵a贯d兴d尽i晚t碧i壳o神n屋,熄峡f朋r巧o昼m爱不f停i省e灰l培d吊陈o简b雪s谁e罪r忘v莲a瓦t其i碑o撒n螺s肿,羡叮i瓦t找每w陷a辰s唤陪r表e启p炭o配r足t窜e准d利因t本h菠e烂迈m奖e坊c泊h僻a档n树i岁c块a帐l葱睛c润h喊a战r案a赞c倘t弄e彼r桑i拴s卷t蜻i卡c谣s碍仁(闯Y院o动u悉n幕g币拿m昼o梯d字u跳l错u借s序,幼悠u折n绘d驼r奴a错i奥n智e谷d喷院c埋o塔h扑e遭s紧i富o砍n占,练雨e薪t耀c织.付璃.软哈.惠舅.土)膏听o抚f战富t陪h授e苦纠i称n粮白s假i究t压u洲源s交o默f绸t矮既s剃o抬i汤l尺束s丝u挡r嚷r驼o眯u忠n亮d屡i晨n陆g熟册s损t唤o转n拿e稼恳c伐o火l课u麦m肾n轰s榜怎w吨e疤r董e霉饶m贯u漂c吵h没绣h淹i换g顽h呜e期r稻丧t微h吨a乐n轻个t炎h披o哪s裤e射瓣m咳e河a吉s断u勺r狂e牺d灾销b仅e讽f拒o访r仆e积惯t题r挣e蚀a棋t勿m则e称n哑t丘.箩绵A塘s策株e嚼x晚a烤m西p怀l溜e艰s票开m申e瓦a鲁s奶u震r帜e枝d无劳u碑n抓d截r骂a既i肚n芒e搂d驱陡s垮h比e贤a旁r幼遭s躁t架r说e攻n肠g蚂t额h碑僚v刊a文l壮u舞e嗽s艺总w蝴e对r俗e裹鬼p攀r住o导v转i骄d舍e刻d艳鞋b吐y叫干V牛a跨u肥t榆r糕a欧i制n吗怕[昨8税]残,星茅a基n槽d丈糕r修e够c式o影r鄙d骡e波d收债m粥e式a冷s炊u跨r庭e浙m伸e乘n镜t测s演称a严t风查t碰h弄e钳祖v庄i花c迹i属n虏i王t啊y酒词o钟f凯剂t需h靠e顿奸c睛o卖l叉u石m王n狱模a临t编茎v疮a直r插i财o呼u纯s短幼d热e政p拔t肉h液s意破o剧f搜首t垫h受e删有s骆u循r崭r芹o将u宗n请d谋i调n滋g躁处s模o异f势t甘尸c鹅l朝a访y瓜乓w丰e桂r赶e洽卸r授e役p桃o妖r隔t织e奏d炸令b顶y凭式A栗l纸-谈K晒h杰a康f表a艰j申i昌午a奶n惨d克悬C捞r仪a蔑i瓦g哨桨[丈9赠]弦.谷多A凑l学a垄m状g堵i讨r芒络a久n漠d宾串Z精a笋h危e众r秋害[黄1摸0咽]耽隙a棒n锄d斯姓S鬼a堵n晒g抚l苗e絮r岛a肯t钩眠[逝1已1脸]艘材i短l险l非u煤s萌t歪r头a青t啊e汗d逮,圣甚i田n誉撒n摸a梳t湿u白r晴a储l茶夕a团n拿d旧冻r炭e犯i屡n挣f潜o鲜r宴c惊e脸d悦削s低o烈f冒t衫容g矿r蹲o溪u姓n款d只,陵献t旨h遮a仰t竖陈t业h盈e份船s副t殖a夫n嫂d冬a司r叔d狡谅p匹e叛n柔e口t扎r踏a怀t逮i丘o匙n确喝r蹄e卵s扛i营s扁t归a这n危c该e弹米o友f含倾t练h距e衫驶s副o勒f劳t粘易g敞r娇o袋u夕n挺d部鸽h滑a剪s军覆b表e坟e猎n余洪i锐n什c粒r注e股a拣s召e悉d水刻s豪i品g蜘n指i辨f赏i完c科a编n稻t卡l舅y拖摔a普f吓t追e尖r警浮a尊效s漠t昆o劣n谈e无牙c摄o竞l将u暑m煌n琴贺i姨n辨s呆t茅a霜l燕l乌a和t似i舅o樱n患.N-valuerangesfrom2to7fornaturalgroundbutitincreasesfrom5to12inthereinforcedsoftground.Asignificantincrease,averagingthreetimespre-treatmentvaluesinnumberofblows,wasmeasuredinacohesivesoilatonemeterdistancefromthecolumncentre,Wattesetal.[7].Alsoahigherincreasehappenedwithinagranularsoilinsimilarconditions.Vanetestresultsrecordedbeforeandafteranembankmentconstructiononsoftclayreinforcedbycolumnsshowedupsimilarimprovementofsoftsoilcharacteristics[12].Frommeasurementsrecordedatdifferentdistancesfromthecolumncentreithasbeencheckedthedecreaseofcolumninstallationeffectastheradialdistanceincreases.Forabetterillustrationfielddataareplottedinthediagram‘‘normalizedsoilcharacteristicsversusthenormalizeddepth’’.FocusinginFig.1,wherezandHcdenote,respectively,thedepth,fromthetopoflevelground,andcolumn’slength,itisshowntherangewhereimprovementofsoftsoilcharacteristicstakesplaceatdifferentlocationsaroundthecolumnwithradiusrc.Intermsofmeanvaluestheimprovementeffectinthesoftsoilrangesfrom1.5to5timesthepre-treatmentvalues.Thedegreeofsoftsoilimprovementdependsobviouslyonthesoiltype.Nottakingthisimprovementintoaccountmaylead,inthecorrespondingdesignmethods,toanoverestimationoftherequiredquantitiesofcolumnmaterial.Althoughtheimprovementofsoftsoilcharacteristicsiscurrentlydeterminedfromfielddataitisinterestingtopredictitfromlaboratorytestresults.Indeed,alargenumberoflaboratorytestshasbeenperformed,forexampleoedometricandtriaxialtests,toprovetheincreaseofYoungmodulusasafunctionofconsolidationstress,Biarezetal.[13].ItshouldbesaidthatthesoilimprovementeffecthasnotbeenwidelydiscussedinthegeotechnicalliteratureasdonebyAlmeidaetal.[12]andShenetal.[14].Onereasonforthismaybethatneithernumericalnoranalyticalmethodsexisttoestimatetheimprovementofsoftsoilcharacteristicsbymeansofthevibrocompactedcolumninstallation.However,Greenwood[15]proposedanempiricaldesignmethodforestimatingthereductionofsettlementofreinforcedsoiltakingintoaccounttheinstallationprocessofstonecolumns.Themaingoalofthispaperistoestimate,particularly,theincreaseofYoungmodulusoccurringafteracolumninstallationinsoftclay.Forthispurposeanumericalsimulationofcolumninstallationprocessisproposedtoanalyzetheincreaseofthestiffnessofinsitusoftsoilinwhichavibrocompactedstonecolumnisinstalled.WiththeproposedsimulationanattemptofevaluationoftheimprovedYoungmodulusofthesoftclayisprovidedandtheextentoftheinfluencedzonewheresuchimprovementtakesplaceisdetermined.Thispaperispresentedinthefollowingsequences.First,thesimulationofthecolumninstallationinsoftclaybymeansofvibrocompactiontechniqueisintroduced.Next,anexplanationisgivenconcerningtheadoptedprocesstoevaluatetheincreaseofYoungmodulusofsoftclay.Subsequently,theevolutionofthestateofstressispresented.Conclusionsaredrawnfromtheobtainedresultsinthisstudyandfurtherdevelopmentsofthisresearcharealsosuggested.2.AdoptedmethodologyAsreportedinseveralcontributions,contrarilytotheimportantincreaseinstrengthofgranularsoilsowingtovibratoryactionoftheprobe,thesignificantincreaseofsoftsoilscharacteristicsisonlyduetotheradialdisplacementfromtheexpansionofthecolumntowardthesurroundingsoil.Thelateralexpansionofavibrocompactedcolumninstallationisimmediatelyfollowedbythedissipationofexcessporewaterpressuresgeneratedinsoftclay.Consequentlyanincreaseoftheeffectivestressesisrecordedwithinthecolumnandthesurroundingsoftclay,Wattesetal.[7].Consequently,itisexpectedthat,aftertheprimaryconsolidationprocess,theexpansionofthecolumnalsocontributestotheimprovementofcharacteristicsofthesurroundingsoftclay.Indeed,frompressuremetertests,carriedoutbeforeandaftercolumnsinstallation,asignificantincreaseofthepressuremetermodulushasbeennoticedinsoftclay,Vautrain[8].Moreover,fromlaboratoryteststhedependencebetweenthestateofstressandstiffnessmodulusofsoilshasbeenshowedbyBiarezetal.[13]andLong[16].Asanexample,fromtriaxialtestsdata,carriedoutattheNationalEngineeringSchoolofTunisonreconstitutedTunissoftclay,theincreaseofsoilstiffnessasafunctionoftheconsolidationstresshasbeenobserved.Fig.2showstheincreaseofstiffnessmodulus(takenastheinitialslopeofthestress–straincurve)alongwiththeappliedeffectiveconfiningpressureduringtheconsolidationphaseofconsolidateddrainedtriaxialtest,Tounektietal.[17].Fig.3clearlyillustratesthedependencebetweenthestateofstressandoedometricmodulusofsoftclay.anddesignate,respectively,theoedometricmodulusandtheconsolidationstress.Thesuperscript‘‘ref’’indicatesagivenreference(orinitial)state.InFig.3,theincreaseofoedometricmodulusasafunctionoftheconsolidationstresscanbeapproximatelyfitted,intherangeofsmalldeformation,withagoodlinearregression.Basedontheseexperimentalobservations,theimprovementofstiffnessmodulusforsoilswouldbegenerallydeducedfromexperimentsinwhichthedependencebetweenstiffnessmodulusandstateofstressisformulatedbythefollowingpowerlawassuggestedin[13]:InEq.(1)E(E0)and()designate,respectively,theYoungmodulusandeffectivemeanstress,=(++/3)ofthesoil.Theexponentmrepresentstherelationshipbetweenthenormalizedmodulusandthatofthecorrespondingeffectivemeanstress.Forsandsandsiltsdifferentvaluesofparametermaresuggestedintherange0.5<m<1.FornormallyconsolidatedclaysandsandsinsteadofE0itisrecommendedtousethesecantmodulusE50asreferencevalueofYoungmodulus[18].Fromstress–straincurverecordedfromaclassicaltriaxialtestthesecantmodulusE50correspondstothedeviatoricstressequalsthehalfoffailurestress.Fornormallyconsolidatedclays,asspecifiedinPlaxisusers’manual,itisrecommendedtotakem=1.Inthiscase,fromEq.(1)alinearrelationshipisobtainedbetweennormalizedstiffnessmodulusandeffectivemeanstress.Therefore,theevolutionofYoungmodulusduringconsolidationofsoftclayisthatpredictedfromtheeffectivemeanstressdistribution.Basedonthisreasoning,thesimulationofvibrocompactedcolumninstallationwithinsoftclayisinvestigatedusingacompositecellmodel.Then,theevolutionsoftheeffectivemeanstressimmediatelyafterthecolumninstallationandduringtheperiodofprimaryconsolidationtakingplaceinthesoftclayarepredicted.AnumericalanalysisisundertakenbyusingthecomputersoftwarePlaxis[18]wherethestonecolumninstallationissimulatedastheexpansionofacylindricalcavitywithinsoftclay.Theproposedanalysisisdevelopedtoexaminethebehaviourofimprovedsoil,ononehand,immediatelyaftercolumninstallationand,ontheotherhand,duringagivenperiodoftheprimaryconsolidationprocessinvolvedinthesurroundingsaturatedsoftclaybeforefinalloading.3.CompositecellmodelThecompositecellmodelhasbeenwidelyconsideredbymanyresearcherstoinvestigateseveralaspectsofreinforcedsoilsbycolumns:increaseofbearingcapacity,predictionofsettlementreductionandevolutionofsoilconsolidation[4,5,19,20].Inthepresentstudy,thedataaretakenfromthestonecolumnprojectinvestigatedbyNamaaEngineeringandConsultationS.A.E,[21].Thesoilprofileismadeupofasoftclaylayerwith12.25mthicknesscoveredbyasandylayerof12.75mthickness.Thedatapresentedin[21]revealedhighermechanicalcharacteristicsfortheunderlayerlocatedbeyondthesoftclay.Therefore,thislowerbaseofthesoilprofileisassumedasrigidstratum(seeFig.4).Plaxissoftwareisusedtocarryoutnumericalcomputationsintheframeworkofanaxisymmetricstudywhichwellmatcheswiththecompositecellmodel.Theimprovedsoilismodelledwith15nodestriangularfiniteelements.Fromnumericalresultswefocusontheeffectoftheexpansionofthecolumnandtheprimaryconsolidationinducedwithinthesoftclay.Predictedresultsarepresentedatthemid-thicknessofsoftclaylayer(cf.dashedlineinFig.4)atdistances0.6m,1.5mand2.4mfromtheaxisofthecolumn.Fig.5.Simulationbythecompositecellmodelofstonecolumnexpansion:(a)modelofimprovedsoil;(b)modellingcolumnexpansion;(c)discretizedimprovedsoil.Thelateralexpansiongenerateslargestrains,estimatedaboutof45%,insoftclayneighbourhoodthecolumn.Thisfactistakenintoaccountbyadoptingthe‘‘updatedmesh’’optionprovidedbyPlaxissoftware(cf.Fig.5c).Inordertoanalyzethereinforcingeffectduringthecolumninstallationandtheconsolidationoccurringinsoftclay,amultistagemodellingisperformed.Itincludesthreestages:undrainedexpansionofthecolumnwithinthesoftclay,compactionoftheoverlyingsandlayerplayingtheroleofsurcharge,andconsolidationoftheimprovedsoilduring11months,Debatsetal.[22].ModellingthebehaviourofsoftclayandcolumnmaterialcanbedonebymeansofvariousconstitutivelawsprovidedinPlaxissoftware.Indeed,beyondthisvalueithasbeenindicatedthatthecolumninstallationhasnoeffectontheresponseoftheimprovedsoil.Thestateofstressatresthasbeenadoptedasinitialconditionfornumericalcomputationsbothinthecolumnandinsoftclayi.e.=1-.K0=coefficientoflateralearthpressureatrest.4.ResultsandinterpretationsAfterthecolumninstallationtwostages,intime,arediscussed.Thefirstonecorrespondstotheimmediatetimeaftertheexpansionofcolumnmaterial.Thesecondstagecorrespondstotheendofprimaryconsolidationwhichtakesplaceinthesoftclay.Asaresultoftheexpansionofthecolumnthedeviatoricstress,denotedq,isincreasedatthevicinityofthecolumnuntilthefailurestateisreachedinthesurroundingsoftclaywherelargeplasticradialstrainsarepredicted(seeFig.6,phase1).Thisresultisnotinaccordancewiththeassumptionadoptedinseveralcontributionspostulatingthatayieldingstateisreachedonlyinthecolumnmaterial,whilethesurroundingsoftsoilremainsintheelasticphase[23,3].Fig.6clearlyindicatesthattheeffectofthecolumnexpansiondecreasesintermofdeviatoricstresswhileplasticstrainsbecomesmallerandsmallerasthedistance,fromthecolumn’saxis,increases(from0.6mto2.4m).Immediatelyaftertheexpansionofthecolumntoitsfinaldiameterandthesubstitutionofthe‘‘dummymaterial’’forthegranularcolumnmaterial,thesurroundingsoftclayisrelaxedandasignificantdecreaseofthedeviatoricstressisnotedclosetotheinterfacebetweenthesoftclayandcolumn(r=0.6m,cf.Fig.6).Consequently,alateralcompression(confiningpressure)isexertedbythesurroundingsoftclayonthecolumn.However,theeffectivemeanstressiskeptunchanged(cf.Fig.7,phase2)inthesoftclaywheretheconsolidationprocess(cf.Fig.7,phase3)isjuststarting.Thestresspathspredictedfromthenumericalsimulation(cf.Fig.7)demonstratetheevolutionofstressinvariantsduringtheexpansionofthecolumnandtheconsolidationphasetakingplaceinthesoftclay.5.EffectoftheexpansionofthecolumnSincethereinforcingcolumnisinstalledbyalateralexpansiontheexcessporewaterpressuresaregeneratedinthesaturatedinsitusoftsoil.Immediatelyaftertheexpansionofthecolumn,thevariationofexcessporepressureswithradialdistance(seeFig.8)illustratesverylargepredictedvaluesnearthesoil–columninterface.Thepredictedporewaterpress