高考英语二轮复习重难点突破练习题型四 语篇型语法填空（含解析）

题型四语篇型语法填空目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解读 1二、命题分析预测 1三、聚焦核心素养 1四、析考情·题型突破 1五、精选考点题型专练 12一、考情解读该题型把语法放在语境中进行考查,要求考生自主运用语法知识解题。这种题型要求考生重视语篇阅读理解能力,理清语法基本概念。二、命题分析预测语法填空对考生的语篇阅读能力提出了更高要求,旨在考查考生在语篇层面上理解句意和文意、分析语言结构的能力以及正确运用基础语法和构词法的能力。建议考生在平时的学习中,根据构词法来记忆和复习单词,掌握各词类的不同用法,遇到长难句能正确分析句子结构,从而正确理解句意。在练习中,要特别关注与中国传统文化相关和反映中国建设新成就的语篇素材。三、聚焦核心素养语法填空题以语篇为依托,考点明确,重点突出,考查的知识面较广,重视对基础语法知识的考查,突出语法的表意功能。该题型重在检测考生在语境中综合运用英语知识的能力,培育考生的文化意识,锻炼考生的逻辑思维能力,从而提升考生分析、解决问题的能力。四、析考情·题型突破命题特点1.选材特点(1)短文型语法填空通常为一篇200词左右的短文,选材一般以说明文为主,记叙文和议论文为辅。(2)题材多样,所选材料符合考生的认知水平,可读性强。(3)难度适中,与高中课本中的阅读材料难度相当,符合高中中等学生的阅读水平,篇章与语句的结构变化多样。(4)趋势:所选材料的词数有增加趋势,句子结构更加复杂,对考生的句式理解和分析能力提出了更高的要求。2.设题特点(1)设空。篇首一般不设空,为考生提供一个完整的背景信息,便于考生开篇明义。有提示词类填空题和无提示词类填空题的比例一般为7∶3;有提示词的填空题可填1—3个单词,无提示词的填空题只能填1个词。(2)考点设置广泛。语法填空主要考查考生对重点词汇(以实词为主)和基础语法知识的掌握情况。考点涉及动词的时态、语态和主谓一致,非谓语动词,并列连词,三大从句的引导词,名词单复数与词形转换,形容词和副词的构词规律、比较级,介词、冠词和代词的基本用法及固定搭配等。(3)考查重在基础,突出重点。对介词、冠词等的考查一般涉及1道小题,而对动词(包括非谓语动词)、形容词、副词、名词、连接词的考查相对较多。此外,高考对基础语法的考查并不忌讳连续设题、重复设题。(4)答案的规律。无提示词类填空题往往填冠词、代词、介词、并列连词、从句的引导词等。有提示词类的题,给出的单词的词形变化是有规律可循的,如:动词通常最终变为不同的时态、语态或非谓语动词,形容词通常最终变为副词、名词或其比较级、最高级,副词通常最终变为其比较级或最高级,名词通常最终变为复数形式或形容词等。Clove1主题:"嫦娥四号"无人探测器登月成功词数:177难度:★★★建议时间:9分钟高考真题Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,"CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct)."Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

命题分析▶素养解读本文介绍了"嫦娥四号"在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件,展示了中国社会主义建设新成就,彰显民族自豪感,引导考生关注中国科技成果、关注时事,坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀,增强"四个自信"。庖丁解牛本题的易错点集中在谓语动词和词形转换上。▶第61题,首先要分析句子结构,空处填谓语动词,根据时间状语可知,填一般过去时。touchdown表示"着陆,降落",为不及物动词短语,此处考生容易因词汇掌握不牢固而错用被动语态。▶第62题,该题要考虑形容词变副词时去-e不去-e的情况,要求考生牢固掌握词尾变化规则。解题思路61.touched考查动词时态。句中有时间状语lastweek,故用一般过去时。62.extremely考查形容词变副词。修饰后面的形容词challenging需用副词extremely。63.where考查定语从句。先行词是spot,后跟定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词erest考查名词。句中含有"be+of+名词"结构(相当于"be+形容词"),beofparticularinterest=beparticularlyinteresting,故填名词interest。65.than考查介词。本句中含有more,空格后为比较对象,因此本空应填than。空前的so为副词,替代上文中的"deepcraters"。66.tofind考查非谓语动词。usesth.todo"用……做……",为常用搭配。67.means考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知,本句也应用一般现在时,主语是it,故谓语动词用means。68.isconstructed考查被动语态。此处表示"月球是如何构成的",应用被动语态,且此处描述的是客观情况,故填isconstructed。constructvt.建造,构建。69.much考查固定用法。howmuch"多少",修饰不可数名词。【易错点拨】howmuch+不可数名词;howmany+可数名词复数。70.its考查代词。此处表示"它的计划",空后为名词,故用形容词性物主代词its。Cloze2主题:对北极熊数量的关注与研究词数:164难度:★★★建议时间:8分钟高考真题ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.

Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

命题分析▶素养解读文章通过介绍科学家对北极熊数量变化的关注与研究,引导考生关注生态和自然,提高环境保护意识,深入思考人与自然的和谐相处之道。本题难点集中在同位语从句、非谓语动词等考点上。庖丁解牛▶第61题,要分析出这是一个主从复合句,"theyrange...Canada"是对evidence的具体内容的解释,根据同位语从句引导词的特点可知,此空填that。▶第64题,要熟练掌握及运用"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"结构,本题中Modernmethods与第二个谓语相隔较远,如能识别出这个结构,就很容易填出toperform。解题思路61.that考查名词性从句。本句含有一个同位语从句,解释了名词evidence"证据"的具体内容,空处在从句中不充当成分,也无意义,故填that。62.poorly考查副词。应用副词poorly"不好地,不足"修饰动词studied。63.of/for考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for,表示"……的方法"。【知识拓展】其他常见的表示"方法"的名词与介词的搭配way常与介词of搭配,如:thewayoflearningEnglish;approach常与介词to搭配,如:theapproachtodealingwiththisproblem;means常与介词of搭配,如:aneffectivemeansofcommunication。64.toperform考查非谓语动词。此处属于"sth.+be+adj.+不定式"结构,sth.通常是不定式动作的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。65.havereported考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语Inrecentyears多与现在完成时连用,主语someInuitpeople为复数意义,因此本空填havereported。【技巧点拨】现在完成时的其他标志性词语有:just,already,ever,never,yet,before,lately,recently,foralongtime,uptonow,sofar,inthelastfewyears/weeks/months等。在文中看到这些词语,通常用现在完成时。66.belief考查名词。根据空前的a可知,此处leadingto后应接名词作宾语,故本空填belief"信念"。【知识拓展】以-ve结尾的动词变名词时,常把-ve变为-f。如:relieve(v.解除,减轻)→relief(n.宽慰,轻松;解脱)。67.noting考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟动词时应用其-ing形式作宾语,故本空填noting。68.higher考查比较级。根据空后的连词than可知,本句表示比较意义,因此本空应填比较级higher。69.the考查冠词。Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations意为"在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群当中",本空应填定冠词the,表示特指。70.are考查时态和主谓一致。本句中其他分句的谓语动词用了一般现在时,且空处所在分句的主语six表示复数意义,故本空应填are作该分句的谓语动词。Cloze3主题:跑步的益处词数:173难度:★★建议时间:8分钟高考真题Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.

Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).

Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways69(energy).Ifyouaretime-poor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.

命题分析▶素养解读本文主要介绍了跑步的益处,培养考生有效地陈述事件、传递信息以及表达个人观点和情感的能力,并引导考生积极运动,关注身心健康,进而形成积极向上的生活态度。庖丁解牛▶第62、63题的提示词均为动词,首先判断两个设空处都填非谓语,然后根据语境判断非谓语的形式。第63题除了考查介词后用动词-ing外,还考查die的不规则变化。▶第68、69题的提示词均为名词,首先判断空处在句中作什么成分,以此来确定空处所填词的词性,再根据构词法对词汇进行变形。解题思路61.longer考查比较级。句中有than,故用long的比较级longer。62.tosee考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语,因此此处应用非谓语动词;分析句子结构及句意可知,此处应用动词不定式tosee作目的状语。63.dying考查非谓语动词。短语reduceone'sriskof...表示"降低某人……的风险",介词of后跟动词作宾语时要用其-ing形式。64.is考查时态和主谓一致。本文主体时态为一般现在时,再结合语境可知,本句中宾语从句也应用一般现在时;宾语从句的主语为it,故用is。65.than考查介词。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长生命。根据句中的more可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。66.that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为astudy,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。67.causes考查名词。此处cause是可数名词,意为"原因",句中的all表示"所有",其后应用可数名词的复数形式,故填causes。68.strengthen考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故本空应填动词strengthen,意为"增强,加强"。69.energetic考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句,and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词,故空处应用形容词energetic作表语,意为"需要能量的"。70.it考查代词。giveitatry意为"试一试",根据语境可知,it指代running。考法1有提示词类命题角度1提供动词WudangmartialartsbasedontheTaoistideology______(create)byafamousTaoist______(name)ZhangSanfeng,intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty.

【解析】分析句子结构可知,第一空在句中作谓语,根据时间状语intheearlyyearsoftheMingDynasty可知,此处为过去的动作,应用一般过去时;本句主语Wudangmartialarts为复数形式,且与create为被动关系,因此谓语动词应用复数形式,且为被动语态,故第一空应填werecreated。第二空用非谓语动词作后置定语,name与其逻辑主语Taoist为动宾关系,应用过去分词,故第二空应填named。Yetthereislife—anastonishing_______(vary)ofcreaturesthatyou'llneverimagine.

【解析】根据空前的anastonishing和空后的of可知,空处应填名词,avarietyof为常见搭配,表示"各种各样的,多种的",故填vary的名词形式variety。命题角度2词形转换当提示词为名词、形容词、副词时,设空处考查词形转换的可能性比较大。具体各词类间的转换如下:其解题步骤为:Asweallknow,bakedorfriedfoodsmaybe_______(taste),buteatingtoomanyofthemwill_______(probable)resultinsomeillnesses.

【解析】第一空在句中作表语,表示"好吃的",应用taste的形容词形式tasty;第二空在句中修饰动词result,应用probable的副词形式probably。Also,searchenginesrankby_______(popular)ratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.

【解析】句意:此外,搜索引擎根据受欢迎程度而不是准确性进行排名,因此很难找到确凿的事实。空处作介词by的宾语,再根据ratherthan后的名词accuracy可知,此处应用名词形式。故填popularity。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatelectivecoursescan_______(broad)ourhorizons.

【解析】句意:不可否认,选修课可以开阔我们的视野。分析句子结构可知,空处作从句的谓语,且在情态动词后,应用动词原形,故填broaden。特别提醒有时考查的词形转换只涉及词义的变化,词性并不改变,通常涉及以下两类:1.考查与词根意义相反的派生词,此时,应根据句子意思及上下文的逻辑关系,在词根前加un-,im-等或在词根后加-less等。2.考查名词加后缀表示职业,如science→scientist[2018全国Ⅲ第66题],music→musician等。命题角度3形容词或副词的比较等级当括号中所给词为形容词或副词时,除了考虑词形转换外,也有可能是考查其比较等级。1.句中通常会有信号词,比如than。2.句中含有带比较等级的固定句型,或并列结构中使用比较等级。The______(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!

【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处为"The+比较级...,the+比较级..."结构,表示"越……,就越……",故填harder。命题角度4名词的数括号中所给词为名词时,有时可能不是考查词形转换,而是考查名词复数。1.所填词前通常有many,several,oneof等修饰可数名词复数的标志性词语。2.所填词为可数名词,但其前没有限定词修饰时,通常考虑复数形式。3.根据句意确定名词的数。Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural_______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.

【解析】由设空位置可以判断出动词attract缺宾语,因此要用名词,enemy为可数名词,结合语境可知此处应填名词复数,故填enemies。命题角度5提示词为代词当提示词为代词时,设空处所填词一般有以下三种情况:1.作定语:填形容词性物主代词。2.作主语:填名词性物主代词。3.作宾语:填代词宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词。Studentsinvolvedinserviceprojectshelp_______(they)aswellastheircommunities.

【解析】空处作动词help的宾语,且由语境可知,此处表示"帮助他们自己",空处所填词与主语Students是一致的,应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。考法2无提示词类首先,分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。其次,根据上下文逻辑关系及语意确定具体用哪个词。解题时要注意以下6条规律:1.缺少主语或宾语,要填it或关系代词(1)缺主语如果在谓语动词前设空,应首先考虑以下两种情况:①it:指代上文提到的某物或某事,或固定句式中作形式主语,或强调句型中用it。②关系代词:在定语从句中作主语的关系代词that,which,who等。Theydon'tgiveup;instead,theyremindthemselveshowimportant_______istokeepgoing.

【解析】分析句式可知,空处在宾语从句中作形式主语,代替后面不定式短语tokeepgoing,故填it。Relaxationisverynecessary,_______willenhanceyourawarenessandabilitytoconcentrate.

【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为relaxation,且关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词which。(2)缺宾语如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑以下两类:①it:指代上文提到的某事或某物,或在固定句式中作形式宾语。②关系代词:在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom等。However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing_______everyday.

【解析】根据语境可知,空处指代上文出现的"therailway",故此处应用it。2.在名词、代词、动词-ing前设空,可以考虑用限定词或介词(1)限定词如果在名词前设空,应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般要有限定词。常考查的限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、关系词(whose等)、疑问代词(what,which等)和不定代词(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,many等)。MaryMoemaylooklike_______averagegrandmother,butsheisnot.

【解析】此处修饰可数名词单数,且表示泛指,应用不定冠词,又因为average的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。Theoldbank,_______appearanceisnotaprettysight,isextremelybeautifulontheinside.

【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰先行词Theoldbank;根据句意可知,Theoldbank与appearance之间为所属关系,故用whose。(2)介词如果在名词或代词前设空,而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语,也不作动词的宾语,该空很可能填介词。此时要特别注意所填词与空前的词是否可以构成固定搭配。However,adsarenotjustatoolforgettingpeopletobuythings;theyalsoserve_______awindowintoculture,societyandhistory.

【解析】句意:然而,广告不仅仅是一种让人们买东西的工具,也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。serveassth.为固定搭配,表示"可用作……,起……作用"。3.若两个或多个单词/短语之间或两个句子间没有连接词,可能要填连词,常考查的有表示承接、平行、递进等关系的and、表示选择关系的or和固定结构或句式中的连词。Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,_______itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.

【解析】由语境及句子结构可知,前后分句之间为平行关系,因此用and。4.若两个句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一般考虑填从句的引导词。_______itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitcomfortingpats.

【解析】分析句子结构可以看出,逗号前后为两个句子,缺少从句的引导词。结合语境可知,应用When或If引导时间或条件状语从句。故填When/If。Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach_______wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.

【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,该从句修饰先行词beach,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。5.在形容词或副词前设空,表示程度要考虑用how,so,too等;在名词前设空,如果是感叹句考虑用what等;不定式前设空,要考虑用疑问代词或疑问副词。Teenscametogethertodoprojectsforpeoplewhoare_______oldorpoortodothem.

【解析】根据语境可知空处表示程度,修饰old和poor,故此处要填副词too,构成"too+adj.+todosth."结构,表示"太……而不能做某事"。故填too。6.若句子结构较完整,空后的谓语动词是原形,且与上下文在时态上或与主语在数上不一致,很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词(do,does,did,have,has,had等)或情态动词(can,may等)。Whatisacceptableinonecountry_______beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.

【解析】句中的"Whatisacceptableinonecountry"是主语从句,空格后的beconsidered是谓语;又因be是原形,故空格处应填情态动词或表示强调的助动词;由语境可知,此处应填表示"可能"的情态动词may。Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,"_______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"

【解析】句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,由语境可知,"丢失"是发生在过去的动作,且空处位于疑问句句首,故填助动词Did。五、精选考点题型专练类型1中国特色Cloze1DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir"LuckyBamboo"plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66__(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。61.celebration考查名词。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebration。62.carries考查动词时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语decorating...flowers作主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填ing考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词represent,空处应用非谓语动词,且theearth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填coming。64.than考查固定搭配。morethan为固定搭配,在这里表示"不仅仅",所以填than。65.decorated考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的Orangetrees,和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,所以填decorated。66.Certainly考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。67.with考查介词。beassociatedwith...是固定搭配,表示"与……有关"。68.tocare考查非谓语动词。此处考查"be+adj.+todo"结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。69.beautiful考查形容词。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches,所以填beautiful。70.the考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the,表示"第几个"。Cloze2DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66__(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram__69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__70(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国近年来调整农作物种植结构的情况。【核心词汇】accountfor(在数量、比例上)占;说明(原因、理由等)specificadj.明确的,特定的,具体的recommendationn.推荐;推荐信;建议carbondioxide二氧化碳61.hasgrown考查动词时态。由句中的时间状语"Since2011"可知,此处应用现在完成时。62.the考查冠词。此处是特指,故用定冠词the。overthepast25years表示"在过去的25年里"。63.actually考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰谓语动词is,故填actual的副词形式actually。64.toimprove考查非谓语动词。不定式短语toimprovewaterquality作目的状语。65.than考查介词。由空前的less可知,此处应用介词than,表示"比"。66.pollution考查名词。此处应填名词pollution(不可数名词)作宾语。67.global考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。68.started考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。69.that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,asoil-testingprogram是先行词,指物,且定语从句中缺主语,所以应填关系代词that或which。70.feeding考查非谓语动词。该句的主语暗示feed的逻辑主语为China,feed与China为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词,构成"连词+分词"结构。Cloze3Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61(attract).

Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I62(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude67(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby68(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew69(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,70otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.

本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的成都之旅以及与大熊猫之间的故事。61.attraction考查名词。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是它(成都)最具吸引力之物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction,意为"吸引人的事物"。62.wasallowed考查动词时态和语态。主语I与动词allow之间是动宾关系,且前一句中的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填wasallowed。63.officially考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填officially。64.to考查介词。gobackto是固定搭配,意为"追溯到"。65.when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词when。66.permitted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语thefirstWesternTVreporter之间是动宾关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于thatwasroducing考查非谓语动词。include后跟动词时要用其-ing形式作宾语,所以此空填introducing。【知识拓展】下列动词后跟动词时,也应用动词-ing形式作宾语:dislike,imagine,delay,practise,finish,avoid等。68.its考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知,此空应该填形容词性物主代词its。69.days考查名词的数。few修饰可数名词复数,故此空应填days。everyfewdays意为"每隔几天"。70.the考查冠词。one...theother...为固定搭配,意为"一个……另一个……"。类型2社会与历史Cloze4Sometimeafter10000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe62(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods__65(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.

文章主要介绍了人类农业技术的发展。56.in考查介词。livein是固定词组,表示"在……地方生活",故填in。57.what考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,作on的宾语,由于该宾语从句中缺少主语,同时空处表示"……的事物",故填what。58.than考查介词。根据上文的morefood可知,此处是more...than...结构,表示"比……多……"。59.wasneeded考查动词时态和语态。结合句意"随着更多的孩子出生,需要的粮食就更多"可知,morefood与need构成动宾关系,且文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填wasneeded。60.tochange考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,"农业给了人们首次用技术的力量去改变生活的体验",故用不定式作后置定语。61.haddiscovered考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Byabout6000BC可知,句子谓语用过去完成时,故填haddiscovered。62.seasons考查名词的数。根据常识和语境可知,人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼,season为可数名词,故填seasons。63.making考查非谓语动词。结合and和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making,与planting并列作状语。64.the考查冠词。根据空后的riseofscience可知,此处是对名词的限定性修饰,语意表示"科学的兴起",故填定冠词the,表示特指。65.meant考查动词时态。空处在句中作谓语,文章的基本时态为一般过去时,故填meant。Cloze5（2020新高考Ⅱ(海南)）Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders56(begin)computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop57(education)computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea58(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost59(profession).

TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes60aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores61widerangeofmaterials,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,62discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics63(be)practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers64(encourage)tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof65(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.

近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化,《数码世界》旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响,帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。56.tobegin考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth.",所以空处应该填tocational考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空后的名词短语computerprograms,需要用形容词,所以空处应该填educational。58.requirement考查名词。根据空前的a和空后的for可知,空处需要一个名词,所以填fessions考查名词复数。profession表示"行业,职业",是一个可数名词,根据空前的most可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以应该填professions。60.that/which考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语asetofvolumes,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以关系词用that/which。61.a考查冠词。awiderangeof为固定表达,意为"广泛的,大范围的",所以空处填a。62.and考查连词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词explores,explains和discusses是并列的,所以空处应该填并列连词and。63.is考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处时态应该为一般现在时;短语thenumberof...作主语时,谓语动词应该用单数,所以空处填is。64.areencouraged考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知,本句需要用一般现在时;再根据句意"读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界"可知,用被动语态;所以填areencouraged。65.our考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词短语FurtherResourcessection,需要用形容词性物主代词,所以填our。Cloze6Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation—itisaging.Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin195056(be)30—todayitis41andisexpected57(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the58(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65;by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge60(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes61(old)thanbefore.Thisis62(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas63veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.

Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould64(place)onlongevity(长寿).Itisn’tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomy.

这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了当前世界人口老龄化的现象以及造成这一现象的两大因素。56.was考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合主语age可知,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,同时根据in1950可知,此处的时态为一般过去时,所以填was。57.toincrease考查非谓语动词。根据isexpected可知,其后需要接不定式todo结构,意为"预计将……"。58.numbers考查名词复数。根据下文的are可知这里需要number的复数形式,故填numbers。59.by考查介词。空处位于表示被动的谓语后,故应填by,表示"由,被"。60.compared考查非谓语动词。结合句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词,且compare与其逻辑主语oldgenerations是动宾关系,故填paredto是固定结构,意为"与……相比"。61.older考查形容词比较级。结合句意和下文的thanbefore可知,这里意为"比以前更加年老",故填older。62.particularly考查副词。此处修饰true,故填副词形式。63.a考查冠词。根据下文的chance可知,这里语意表示"一个非常实际的可能性",故填不定冠词a,表示泛指。64.beplaced考查动词语态。结合句意可知,此处attention与place构成动宾关系。又因空前是情态动词should,故填beplaced。65.and考查并列连词。结合句意可知,healthier和moreproductive构成并列关系,故填and。类型3工作与职业Cloze7A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"for61(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

Pickingupher"LifetimeAchievement"award,proudIrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,"Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto."

GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,"Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s70(wonder)."

本文讲述了一位90岁的英国女士因仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得"年度女性奖"的事迹。61.being考查非谓语动词。介词for后应该用动词-ing形式,故填being。62.which考查关系代词。先行词是thepetshop,指物,非限制性定语从句中缺宾语,故填which。【易错点拨】由于先行词thepetshop是地点名词,所以有些考生会错填where。如果填where的话,where在定语从句中应该作地点状语。如"Heopenedapetshop,wheretheneighborsboughtpets."。63.finally考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词,故填finally。64.declared考查动词时态。叙述过去发生的事应用一般过去时,故填declared。65.toretire考查非谓语动词。不定式作名词plans的后置定语,故填toretire。66.havemade考查动词时态。根据定语从句中的时间状语"overtheyears"可知,从句时态应为现在完成时,故填havemade。67.but考查连词。此处是"not...but..."结构,表示"不是……而是……"。68.saying考查非谓语动词。letter与say之间是主谓关系,故此处应用现在分词作后置定语,故填saying。69.a考查冠词。此处表示"我们以为它是一个玩笑",表示泛指,且joke的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。70.wonderful考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语,故填wonderful。【熟词生义】late常见义:adj.&adv.迟,晚本文义:adj.已故的Cloze8Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas62modelinNewYork.

Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65