课时01.名词、冠词-2023中考英语四轮总复习（版）（学生版）-中考英语备考资料重点汇总知识点归纳

第一课时名词、冠词1.名词名词是历年中考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查:①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)②名词和冠词的搭配③抽象名词的具体化④名词的词性变化⑤名词的词义辨析C高频考点突破考点1名词的数1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加一sstudents,teachers,doctors,tables以s,x,ch,sh结尾加一esglasses,dishes,boxes,watches,但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加一esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以元音字母+y结尾加一sboys,toys以f或fe结尾多变f或fe为v,再加一esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少数加一Sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs以。结尾通制）口—Sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos有的加一esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes【名师指津】①以一o结尾的下列名词要加一es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿"，即Negroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoeso②以一f或一fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加一ves：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半"，即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halveso⑵不规则变化自身变化的名词child孩子一children,man男人—men,tooth牙—teeth,foot脚;英尺一feet,mouse老鼠一mice,phenomenon现象一phenomena,medium传播媒介一media单复数同形名词Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊;deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes,fruits合成名词son—in—law一sons—in—law,passer-by一passers-by,story—teller—>story—tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了,但是没有起作用的。考点2名词所有格.一's所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加一's或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加一七或，②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。Tom,sandJim'srooms汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间TomandJim'sroom汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间atthebarber's在理发店.of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字.双重所有格：“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。aplayofShakespeare^莎士比亚的一个戏剧aphotoofmine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1名词辨析一、填空题boughtasilkttomatchdad'ssuitlastweek..Yesterdayitsnowedsoheavilythatmycarwasoutofcandhitatreebytheroad..Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullofe（精力）..一What'stheresultofyour（discuss）?一I'dliketohearyouropinions..Thewinspringcanchangeveryquickly,sometimesterriblycoldandsometimesverywarm..Healwaysmakesmanyeforbeinglateforschool..（口十子）falloffthetreesintheautumn..OurEnglishteachergaveusabrief（介绍）tothesubjectinclass..Sophiaworksalldaywithoutab.ItDsbetterforhertoslowdown.10.Theyhadan（agree）nevertotalkaboutworkathome.11.Theysawagroupof（child）playingononesideofthemountains.二、单项选择l.Besuretoreadthecarefullyfirstbeforeyoutakethemedicine.A.notice B.introductionsConstructions D.instruments.Thedoctorsaid/'Theisabigsuccess.ShewillbeOKsoonthoughsheisveryweaknow.^^A.speech B.operationC.war D.match.一MayIhaveyourthatyouwon'ttellanybodyaboutthis?一Noproblem.Tilkeepthesecret.A.attention B.advice C.order D.promise.Theofthistree'sleavesturnspurplewhenotherschangetheirsfromgreentoyellow.A.size B.shape C.color D.style.Tonyalwayslikes.Heisintheschooltennisteamandplaysverywell.A.music B.sport C.art D.computer考点2名词复数一、填空题.Picture1isdifferentfromPicture2.Thereareafewdbetweenthem..ChinesepeoplehavecelebratedtheDragonBoatFestivalfor（世纪）..Thepersonsthatyouinvitetoyourhousearecalledg.4.1cuttheappleintogandgavethemtomyparentsandtwocousins.5.Lindaenjoysdancing.It'soneofherh.考点3、名词所有格一.用所给单词的正确形式填空①I'vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe(dentist).②It'snotfarfromhere.It'sonlyfive(rninute)walk.©YesterdayImetafriendofmy(father).④(mother)DayisonthesecondSundayofMayeveryyear.5.Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformy(son)room.6.1n1920,the(world)firstthree-colortrafficlightwasputtouse.随堂练习一、填空题.Peopledressedupasanimals,monstersandothercreatures,andtheytold(story)throughtheiracting..TheUnitedNationsisaninternationalorganization,whichismeanttoencourage(country)toworktogetherondifferentopinionswithouttheuseofwar..Myfavorite(发明)areEdisonandKarlBenz..Thesechildrenworkdirectlywithartistsonacertainart(工程)..Childrenunder1.2metersin(高度)takebusesfreelyinthiscountry.nChina,youwillfindallkindsofoxfiguresmadeofgold,wood,(塑料),paper,andstoneonsaleinstoresandonstreetstocelebratethereturn..Her18-yearprofessionalcareerendedon(二月)3rd,2018..Gamesandinteresting(activity)arenecessaryfortheoccasionandenthusiastshavesharedmanynewideastomakethecelebrationmoreinteresting.nsummer,wehavetwomholiday.ItisinJulyandAugust..Foryours,pleasewaitbehindtheyellowlinewhenthesubwaytraincomes..YearsofphysicalexercisehasmadeZhongNanshaningood(健康状况).121mreallygladtoreceiveyour(邀请).冠词冠词是中考考必考热点，以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，把冠词结合名词一起考查。①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较级前的用法③固定搭配a/an+

单数名词a/an+

单数名词the+单数名词Ahorseisenough.表数量a=oneAhorseisalargefour-leggedanimal.强调类别中任何一个的特点Ithinkthemostusefulanimalisthehorse.强调整个类别零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词Horsesareusefulanimals.(强调类别中的许多个体)Musiccanbringpeoplepleasure.［特指中总单数名词/复数名词/不可数丽会高频考点突破考点1冠词的分类和基本用法冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。注意:①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有坦©加上5中,0,0氏其他用a。③要注意区别以“u"开头的单词:当"u”发/a/音时前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;当"u"发/ju：/音时前用a,$D:auniversity,ausefulbooko.用冠词a或an填空①hour②Europeancountry③④"s"⑤orange⑥unusualstory⑦island(§)newbike⑨e-mail⑩importantinvention11.usefulbook122NBAplayerI3.eight-year-oldgirl14.honestperson.1.EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecameartist..Yourbestfriendistellingyoujoke,butyoucan*tcatchit!.Andmyfatherisengineer.Heisbusyeveryday,buthetriestospendmoretimewith.Butfishliveinverydifferentworldfromus.5.LiWenliveswithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.Heis14-year-oldboy.6.1twasfirstdevelopedinChinaaswushu,butit'sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.7.Butwithsocial-distancing（社交总巨离）rulesinUnitedStates,manysummercampsfacedifficultdecisions.8.Forfirsttimeinhislife,MrHappylosthissmile.9.1tookhimtocomputerinmyroomandsaid,"Righthere.^^lO.Somehadpracticedwithprivatechessteachers,butTanihadpracticedonfloorofthehomelessshelteralone.考点2冠词的常见搭配1.下列情况用零冠词不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animalscan'tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些专有名词（如人名、地名、国家名等）、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名词刖已有才旨不代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前NanjingRoadHainanIsland与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar,bytrain在节假日名称前NewYear'sDay,Women'sDay2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如：dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面对面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至终;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater迟早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake错误地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime准时;insurprise惊奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差；onholiday在度假；inclass在课上；gohome回家;forexample例如；goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/戈U船/钓鱼二.知识拓展有定冠词和无定冠词的区别fgotoschool去上学（是学生）（Igototheschool到学校去（不一定是学生）fattable在吃饭latthetable在桌子旁fatschool在上学（lattheschool在学校里（inclass在上课（4）《（intheclass在班级里⑸jinfrontof在（外部的）前面[inthefrontof在（内部的）前面bysea乘船Ibythesea在海边pnprison在坐牢lintheprison在监狱（不一定是犯人）“Jbyday在白天Lbytheday按天计算随堂练习一、填空题1.1wasverygladtoseemymotherandsistersittinginsecondrow..Also,Ireallywanttotrythefoodthere-especiallygazpacho,kindofcoldsoupwhichIhearisspecial,verydifferentfromanythingelseinSpain..Somehadpracticedwithprivatechessteachers,butTanihadpracticedonfloorofthehomelessshelteralone..Annatooktheballandthenhadtry.Theboyswatchedinsurpriseastheballwentstraightintothebasket.Josephhaswr