人教版2019选择性必修二unit4DiscoverUsefulStructures

Unit4UNIT4JOURNEYACROSSAVASTLANDToanalysethedifferenceinusesandmeaningsofpastparticiplesand–ingformsTopracticeusingthepastparticiplesandthe–ingformstocreateadverbialclauses1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,which

was_________.amazedamazingFillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences.Payingattentionto-edand–ingforms.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被动主动Headingheaded被动主动过去分词作表语和状语一、过去分词作表语和状语与动词-ing形式

的比较1.作表语:

过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等,也

可以理解为心情或状态受到外界影响,有

“感到……”之意;

动词-ing形式则表示人或物的自身特征,

有“令人……”之意。e.g.Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonewashurt.Bytheway,themachineisamazing.Doyoufeelfrightened

whenwalkinghomealoneinthedark?Walkinghomealoneinthedarkcanbefrightening.2.作状语:

过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,往

往表示完成;

动词-ing形式与其辑主语之间是主动关系,

一般表示动作正在进行。e.g.Seen

fromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.Influenced

byhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:“be+过去分词”表示状态时,是系表结构,此时的过去分词通常已形容词化;

表示动作时,是被动语态,且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。e.g.Thebookiswellwritten.这本书写得很好。(系表结构,强调主

语所处的状态)Thebookwaswritten

byMoYan.这本书是莫言写的。(被动语态,强调主

语所承受的动作)3.英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人……的”,多用来修饰物;其过去分词表示被动意义,即“感到……的”,多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。

adj.

感到……(多指人)excited;interested;worried;surprised;satisfied;encouraged;tired;frightened;annoyed;bored;embarrassed;confused;disappointed;puzzledadj.令人……(多修饰物)exciting;interesting;worrying;surprising;satisfying;encouraging;tiring;frightening;annoying;boring;embarrassing;confusing;disappointing;puzzling二、过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背

景或情况,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时

间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。1.表示时间

过去分词(短语)作时间状语,相当于一个

时间状语从句。

e.g.Asked(=Whenhewasasked)what

hadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.表示原因过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原

因状语从句。

e.g.Scared(=Because/Asshewasscared)

ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleep

alone.3.表示条件过去分词(短语)作条件状语,相当于一个条

件状语从句。

e.g.

Given(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,we

coulddoitsubstantiallybetter.4.表示让步过去分词(短语)作让步状语,相当于一个让

步状语从句。

e.g.

Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,John

didn’tfeelscaredatall.5.表示方式或伴随过去分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语,可以转

换成一个并列句。

e.g.

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhe

was)followedbyagroupofstudents.【注意】1.过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致。e.g.Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.

[误]Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythe

police.[正]小偷如果被抓,会受到警方的惩罚。2.过去分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的

连词,如when,though,although,asif,if,

unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件

方式等。e.g.

If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendthewedding

ofmyfriend.如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。1.[2019·北京卷]EarthDay,_______(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.2.[2019·北京卷]_______(arm)withthisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.markedArmedDrivenTouchedCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese,payingattentionto-edand–ingforms.boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsin

Finland.Weexpectedtoexperiencea

lotof_________thingsthere.excitedexciting2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso______.Theeight-hourtrainridewasquite________.3.Iwasnot_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIhadexpected.Butwehada__________mealatthehotel'srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.tiredtiringboreexcitetiresatisfysatisfiedsatisfying4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchedTV.Sadly,theTVprogramesthatdaywerereally_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty________.boringboredboreexcitetiresatisfyRewritethesentences.Addinformationasnecessary.Whenpeopleaskedthemanwhatthetripmeanttohim,hesaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime”.Whenaskedwhatthetripmeanttohim,themansaiditwas“anexperienceofalifetime.”ComparedwithothercitiesinCanada,QuebecCity